RU2502710C2 - Crude mixture for producing non-combustible, nontoxic heat- and sound-insulating material based on fine mineral foam - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: crude mixture contains the following components in wt % per dry substance: chrysolite asbestos - 13-20, ultra-thin basalt fibres with diameter of 0.5-3.0 mcm - 40-50, surfactant (wetting agent SV-102) - 20-25, hydrophobisation liquid - 6-13, colloidal silica (silica sol-KS) - 10-15, wherein the ratio of content of asbestos to basalt fibre is equal to 1:3.

EFFECT: improved operational characteristics, high mechanical strength and environmental safety while preserving incombustibility.

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Description

The invention relates to building materials and can be used in shipbuilding, construction, car building, the aerospace industry as an ultralight non-combustible heat and sound insulation material for thermal insulation of hull structures for various purposes, as well as pipelines, ducts and power plants and systems in civilian facilities.

Known heat-insulating material (RF patent No. 2151115 C1, C04B 26/02, C04B 14/38, C04B 38/02, publ. 06/20/2000), including basalt superthin fiber, polyvinyl acetate dispersion, water-repellent additive - silicone fluid GKZH-10 , silica and sulfanol in the following ratio of components, wt.%:

Polyvinyl acetate dispersion - 2.0 ÷ 2.5

Silica sol - 3.3 ÷ 3.8

Sulfanol - 0.05 ÷ 0.1

Silicone fluid GKZH-10 - 01 ÷ 0.3

Basalt superthin fiber with a diameter of 0.2-3.0 microns - the rest.

A material with this composition and characteristics is effective for use at temperatures not exceeding ~ 250 ° C, because in its composition it contains organic components (polyvinyl acetate dispersion, etc.), which at a higher temperature either burn out or lose their functional properties.

In addition, this material has a density of 2.5-3.0 times higher than the density of the material of the invention, which is unacceptable for structures whose mass is strictly limited (for example, on ships with dynamic principles of maintenance and in aviation).

Known raw mix for the manufacture of heat and sound insulating material (ISSIV0373-0247, Russian Chemical Journal. Volume LIII, issue 4, 2009, pp. 54-61 "Domestic heat and sound insulating materials for shipbuilding", N.G. Sudareva and others), including mass%:

asbestos 64.5 wetting agent SV-102 25.8 water repellent liquid 9.7

This raw material mixture does not contain a binder component, the structure of the material is determined by the forces of natural cohesion between the fibers, and therefore the material has low mechanical strength. In addition, the raw material mixture in the finished material is almost 100% composed of asbestos, which has a fibrogenic and carcinogenic effect on the human body.

Known fire-resistant heat and sound insulation material (RF patent No. 2344109 C1, C04B 38/10, publ. 01/20/2009), made from a raw material mixture containing fibrous material, a finely ground inorganic filler, a surfactant, water-repellent and binder component and a liquid dispersion Wednesday As a fibrous material, the raw material mixture contains asbestos, or asbestos and silica fiber, or basalt fiber, or carbon fiber at a ratio of 1: 1, or basalt fiber and polyaramide fiber, dispersed to produce fibers with a diameter of not more than 0.01 μm and less than 2 mm, as a fine-ground filler - graphite, or wollastonite, or mica in the form of flakes with a particle size of less than 5 μm, as a surfactant - wetting agent SV-102, as a water repellent and a binder - GKZh-94, as a liquid of the dispersion medium - water, in the following ratio of components, wt.%:

Specified fibrous material 2.5-2.8 Specified finely ground inorganic filler 0.3 Weter SV-102 0.5 GKZH-94 0.4 Water 96.3-96.7

The composition of the raw material mixture is the closest in composition, technical nature and the achieved result and adopted as a prototype.

The mechanical strength of all the given options for raw mixtures is ensured mainly by mineral fibers, which form the porous structure of the material, held by the forces of its own adhesion.

The technical result of the invention is the improvement of operational characteristics: increasing mechanical strength and environmental safety while maintaining incombustibility.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the raw mixture to obtain a non-combustible non-toxic heat and sound insulating material containing asbestos, a surfactant - wetting agent SV-102 and a hydrophobizing liquid, ultrafine basalt fiber and colloidal silica are additionally used in the following ratio of components, wt% (dry mineral fiber substance):

- Asbestos chrysotile 13-20 - Basalt fiber 40-50 - Surface-active substance 20-25 (wetting agent SV-102) - Water repellent liquid 6-13 (GKZH-10 or GKZH-11 or GKZH-94) - Colloidal silica 10-15

Introduction to the raw mix of basalt ultrafine fiber with a diameter of 0.5 to 3.0 microns allows you to form a stable fine mineral foam that does not collapse during the drying process. The amount of basalt fiber ranged from 50% to 100% asbestos fiber replacement. The most optimal ratio of the content of asbestos and basalt fibers in the mixture turned out to be: 75% basalt and 25% asbestos. At 100% replacement, there was a gain in terms of environmental cleanliness, but the strength characteristics of the material decreased.

The introduction of colloidal silica (silica sol-KS), which is a product of the ion treatment of liquid glass, in the course of curing provided hardening of the material structure. Its amount in the mixture varied from 5% to 20%: the introduction of 5% had practically no effect on the strength characteristics, the introduction of 20% or more led to an increase in the density of the material and an increase in the fraction of unbound colloidal silica. The optimal content of this component was taken from 10 to 15%.

In the proposed raw material mixture to obtain a heat and sound insulating material, the following materials were used

- chrysotile asbestos GOST 12871-67 - surface-active substance TU 6-14-935-80 (wetting agent SV-102) - hydrophobizing liquid (GKZH-10 or GKZH-11) TU 6-02-696-76 (GKZH-94) GOST 10834-76 - ultrafine basalt fiber TU 5169-001-13062592-2000 - colloidal silica (silica sol-KS) TU 2145-002-76287984-09

A method of obtaining a heat and sound insulating material is as follows.

The required amount of water and hydrophobizing liquid is sequentially loaded into the reactor and stirred for 2-3 minutes. Then a well-mixed and pre-soaked in water mixture of asbestos and basalt fiber, a wetting agent CB-102 are loaded, the calculated amount of colloidal silica is added. The resulting mixture is thoroughly mixed, pumped into a foam generator and foaming is carried out at a foam ratio of 2.5 for 40 minutes.

The resulting foam mass is poured onto the substrate of the conveyor belt, leveled, after which the foam enters the dryer. The interval between the spill of foam and the beginning of its drying should not exceed 45 minutes.

The temperature in the drying chamber must be maintained within: 60 ° C - at the entrance, 110 ° C - at the exit.

The dried foam enters the chamber for heat treatment. In the process of heat treatment, decomposition and removal of the organic additive, wetting agent SV-102 and the polymerization of the water repellent occurs. Heat treatment is carried out at a temperature of from 250 ° C to 260 ° C for 30-40 minutes. to stop the evolution of gaseous products. After heat treatment, the material acquires elasticity and hydrophobic properties.

For experimental verification of the claimed invention was made several options for the composition of the raw mix (table 1), samples of which as a result of testing showed high performance (table 2).

Table 1 Options for the composition of the raw mix Composition number Chemical composition, wt.% Asbestos chrysotile Basalt fiber Weter SV-102 Hydrophobizir. liquid Colloidal Silica (Silica Sol-KS) 0.5 μm 1.5 μm 3.0 μm GLZH-10 GKZH-11 GKZH-94 one fourteen 42 21 8 fifteen 2 fifteen 45 22 8 10 3 16 48 twenty 6 10 four 13 40 twenty 13 fourteen 5 fifteen 45 23 7 10 6 16 48 twenty 6 10

table 2 Raw Mix Test Results Composition number Indicators Density, kg / m ³ Compressive strength, MPa Sorption hydration in 24 hours,%, not less than one 35.0 0,038 2.9 2 39.0 0,042 3.4 3 40,0 0,045 4.0 four 37.0 0,043 3.0 5 38,0 0,043 3.3 6 40,0 0,045 3.3

Claims (1)

The raw material mixture for producing a non-combustible non-toxic heat and sound insulation material based on finely dispersed mineral foam containing asbestos, a surfactant - a wetting agent SV-102 and a hydrophobizing liquid, characterized in that it additionally contains ultrafine basalt fiber with a diameter of 0.5-3.0 microns and colloidal silica in the following ratio of components, wt.% on dry matter:
asbestos 13-20 ultrafine basalt fiber 40-50 surface-active substance - wetting agent SV-102 20-25 water repellent liquid 6-13 colloidal silica silica sol-KS 10-15
moreover, the ratio of the content of asbestos and basalt fiber is 1: 3.