RU2502492C1 - Method for making removable dentures - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to medicine, particularly to orthopaedic dentistry, and aims at orthopedic rehabilitation of the patients with total toothlessness. The method for making removable denture consists in making a basis of a rigid polymer dental product with fixed teeth, and of an elastic part adjoining a prosthetic bed. Trough-shaped grooves 1 mm deep divergent radially from the centre and extending onto a vestibular surface of the prosthesis within a transient fold into a right-angle chamfer along the perimeter of the prosthesis are formed on a basis from an internal surface using a pear-shaped chisel of the diameter of 2 mm. A laboratory or intra-oral technique is used to fix an elastic pad on an internal surface of the prosthesis adjoining the prosthetic bed so that it fills the grooves pre-formed on the basis, thereby providing an additional mechanical retention of the structural material of different degree of fixity.

EFFECT: higher adhesion strength of the soft pad and the rigid carrier of the basis, its uniform distribution along the surface of the prosthetic bed, as well as possibility of re-use of the prosthesis if the physical-mechanical characteristics of the elastic part occurred to be disturbed.

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Description

The invention is intended for use in medicine, namely for orthopedic dental rehabilitation of patients with complete absence of teeth.

Orthopedic treatment of patients with complete absence of teeth and adverse clinical conditions in the lower and upper jaw, for example, with increased pain sensitivity of the mucous membrane of the prosthetic bed or a sharp uneven atrophy of the alveolar processes and the presence of acute bone protrusions and exostoses on them, presents certain difficulties. In such cases, the manufacture of removable dentures with an elastic plastic lining (two-layer bases) is shown.

A known method of manufacturing complete removable dentures with an elastic lining, in which, in order to avoid peeling of the soft layer from the main basis, the edges of the base plastic are lubricated with monomer, the soft plastic is pressed with solid and then polymerized (V.N. Kopeikin, L.M. Demner "Denture technology ", 1985). However, over time, the relationship between the soft lining and the rigid base weakens, which leads to the fragility of the use of such prostheses.

A known method of manufacturing removable dentures (RF Patent N 2132661), in which a counter stamp is produced with a gap in a gypsum model, onto which a retention layer of metal with a high degree of surface development is applied by plasma spraying, it is lined with elastic plastic on one side. A rigid acrylic base of the prosthesis is formed on the opposite side of the metal layer.

There is a method of manufacturing dentures (RF patent N 205543, class А61С 13/00. "Method of manufacturing complete removable dentures". Authors: Grishichkin SD, Petrosov Yu.E.), according to which the toothless jaw along the perimeter of the prosthetic bed is made protrusion made of elastic plastic with a rigid base.

The well-known "Method of manufacturing dentures with complete loss of teeth" (RF Patent N 2008845), in which, before applying an elastic material (soft lining), retention points (intersecting risks, strokes, channels, etc.) are applied on the contact surface of the basis, and an elastic layer is applied polymer film material.

This method is selected for the prototype.

The disadvantages of this method is that the application of retention points does not provide a sufficient degree of development of the surface of the basis and, therefore, a strong connection of the elastic layer with a rigid basis, and the randomness of their application does not lead to uniform decompression, also the polymer material undergoes significant destructive changes during operation, caused by the aging of the polymer, which limits the practical use of such prostheses. And the biggest drawback of these prostheses is that if the elastic layer is damaged and removed by the cutter, it damages the basis of the prosthesis and, often, the prosthesis has to be re-made.

The objective of the invention is to improve the quality of orthopedic rehabilitation of patients with increased pain sensitivity of the mucous membrane of the prosthetic bed, a sharp uneven atrophy of the alveolar processes and in other cases when unloading of the tissue of the prosthetic bed is necessary in the complete absence of teeth.

The technical result of the invention is to increase the adhesion strength of the soft lining to the rigid basis of the basis, its uniform distribution over the surface of the prosthetic bed, as well as the possibility of repeated use of the prosthesis in violation of the physico-mechanical properties of the elastic part.

The technical result is achieved due to the fact that the method of manufacturing a removable denture consists in manufacturing a basis of hard polymer dental material with installed artificial teeth and an elastic part adjacent to the prosthetic bed, which is pear-shaped with a diameter on the base from the inside facing the prosthetic bed 2 mm form grooved grooves with a depth of 1 mm, radially diverging from the center and passing to the vestibular surface of the prosthesis in the transitional zone of the prosthesis A step made at an angle of ninety degrees, made along the entire perimeter of the prosthesis, after which, using a laboratory or intraoral method, fix the elastic lining on the inner surface of the prosthesis adjacent to the prosthetic bed so that it fills the grooves and the shoulder previously formed on the basis of the prosthesis, providing additional mechanical retention construction materials of varying degrees of rigidity.

Groove-shaped grooves and a ledge around the perimeter of the prosthesis provide uniform decompression distribution of the elastic lining without sagging, and also improves the adhesion of the elastic part of the prosthesis to the rigid one, which ensures a high level of congruence of the mating surfaces and reduces the level of microorganism colonization. If it is necessary to replace the soft lining, the elastic material is removed from the inside of the prosthesis and from the indicated grooves and ledges, while a rigid basis with artificial teeth verified by the occlusal relationship of the dentition can be used repeatedly, which is convenient and cost-effective for the patient.

A method of manufacturing a removable denture is illustrated in the drawing:

1 - the basis of the prosthesis

2 - artificial teeth

3 - the inner surface of the prosthesis

4 - grooved grooves

5 - ledge along the perimeter of the prosthesis

6 - elastic layer.

A removable denture is made as follows:

1. An impression is made and models are made according to which bite patterns with occlusal ridges and individual impression spoons are made.

2. An impression is made using an individual spoon. For the manufacture of working models and determine the central ratio of the jaws.

3. On the made models of wax, the basis of the prosthesis 1 is modeled and teeth 2 are staged.

4. The clinic is trying on wax bases and removing the occlusal relationship.

5. On the wax base 1, from the inner surface 3, a pear-shaped shtichel with a diameter of 2 mm, model groove-shaped grooves 1 mm deep 4, radially diverging from the center and passing to the vestibular surface of the prosthesis in the transitional zone, and form a step 5 at an angle of ninety degrees, made according to the entire perimeter of the prosthesis.

6. Transfer the resulting wax structure to acrylic by cooking, process the prosthesis.

7. An elastic layer is applied to the inner surface of the prosthesis using a laboratory or intraoral method, after which excess is removed, the prosthesis is sanded and polished.

Claims (1)

A method of manufacturing a removable denture, which consists in manufacturing a basis of hard polymer dental material with installed artificial teeth and an elastic part adjacent to the prosthetic bed, characterized in that on the basis of the inner side facing the prosthetic bed, a pear-shaped plug with a diameter of 2 mm is formed groove-shaped grooves 1 mm deep, radially diverging from the center and passing to the vestibular surface of the prosthesis in the transitional zone, into a step formed at an angle of 90 °, in made along the entire perimeter of the prosthesis, after which, using a laboratory or intraoral method, the elastic lining is fixed on the inner surface of the prosthesis adjacent to the prosthetic bed so that it fills the grooves and the shoulder previously formed on the basis of the prosthesis, providing additional mechanical retention of structural materials of different degrees of rigidity .

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