RU2523831C2 - Removable denture - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to dentistry and is applicable for orthopaedic rehabilitation of patients with completely absent dentition. A removable denture consists of a basis made of a rigid polymer dental product with fixed false teeth, and an elastic part adjoining a prosthetic bed. Trough-shaped grooves 1 mm deep divergent radially from the centre and extending onto a vestibular surface of the denture within a transient fold into a right-angled chamfer along the perimeter of the denture are formed on the basis from an internal side facing the prosthetic bed.

EFFECT: invention provides the higher adhesion strength of the soft pad and the rigid carrier of the basis, its uniform distribution along the surface of the prosthetic bed, as well as a possibility of re-use of the denture if the physical-mechanical characteristics of the elastic part occurred to be disturbed.

1 dwg

Description

The invention is intended for use in dentistry, namely for orthopedic dental rehabilitation of patients with complete absence of teeth.

Orthopedic treatment of patients with complete absence of teeth and adverse clinical conditions in the lower and upper jaw, for example, with increased pain sensitivity of the mucous membrane of the prosthetic bed or a sharp uneven atrophy of the alveolar processes and the presence of acute bone protrusions and exostoses on them, presents certain difficulties. In such cases, the manufacture of removable dentures with an elastic plastic lining (two-layer bases) is shown.

A known method of manufacturing complete removable dentures with an elastic lining, in which, in order to avoid peeling of the soft layer from the main basis, the edges of the base plastic are lubricated with monomer, the soft plastic is pressed with solid and then polymerized (V.N. Kopeikin, L.M.Demner "Denture technology ", 1985). However, over time, the relationship between the soft lining and the rigid base weakens, which leads to the fragility of the use of such prostheses.

A known method of manufacturing removable dentures (Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2132661), in which a countertamp is produced with a gap from a gypsum model, onto which a retention layer of metal with a high degree of surface development is applied by plasma spraying, is lined on one side with elastic plastic. A rigid acrylic base of the prosthesis is formed on the opposite side of the metal layer.

There is a method for the manufacture of dentures (RF patent No. 205543, class A61C 13/00. "Method for the manufacture of complete removable dentures. Authors: Grishichkin SD, Petrosov Yu.E.), according to which on the toothless jaw along the perimeter of the prosthetic bed The protrusion is made of elastic plastic with a rigid base.

The known "Method for the manufacture of dentures with complete loss of teeth." (RF patent No. 2008845), in which before applying elastic material (soft lining), retention points (intersecting risks, strokes, channels, etc.) are applied to the contact surface of the basis, and a polymer film material is applied to the elastic layer.

A removable denture made by this method is selected for the prototype.

The disadvantages of this method is that the application of retention points does not provide a sufficient degree of development of the surface of the basis and, therefore, a strong bond of the elastic layer with a rigid basis, and the randomness of their application does not lead to uniform decompression, as the polymer material undergoes significant destructive changes caused by polymer aging process, which limits the practical use of such prostheses. And the biggest drawback of these prostheses is that if the elastic layer is damaged and removed by the cutter, it damages the basis of the prosthesis and, often, the prosthesis has to be made anew.

The objective of the invention is to improve the quality of orthopedic rehabilitation of patients with increased pain sensitivity of the mucous membrane of the prosthetic bed, a sharp uneven atrophy of the alveolar processes and in other cases when unloading of the tissue of the prosthetic bed is necessary in the complete absence of teeth.

The technical result of the invention is to increase the adhesion strength of the soft lining to the rigid basis of the basis, its uniform distribution over the surface of the prosthetic bed, as well as the possibility of repeated use of the prosthesis in violation of the physico-mechanical properties of the elastic part.

The technical result is achieved due to the fact that the removable denture consists of a base made of hard polymer dental material with installed artificial teeth and an elastic part adjacent to the prosthetic bed, characterized in that on the basis of the inner side facing the prosthetic bed, there are grooved grooves with a depth of 1 mm, radially diverging from the center and passing to the vestibular surface of the prosthesis in the transitional zone are sweet in the ledge formed at an angle of ninety degrees, in Performed along the entire perimeter of the prosthesis, uniform distribution and additional mechanical retention of the elastic part of the prosthesis covering the entire prosthetic bed occurs along the indicated groove-shaped grooves and the ledge.

Grooved grooves and a ledge along the perimeter of the prosthesis provide uniform decompression distribution of the elastic lining without sagging, and also improve the adhesion of the elastic part of the prosthesis to the rigid one, which ensures a high level of congruence of the mating surfaces and reduces the level of microorganism colonization. If it is necessary to replace the soft lining, the elastic material is removed from the inside of the prosthesis and from these grooves and ledges, while a rigid basis with artificial teeth verified by the occlusal relationship of the dentition can be used repeatedly, which is convenient and cost-effective for the patient.

A removable denture is illustrated in the drawing, where:

1 - the basis of the prosthesis

2 - artificial teeth

3 - the inner surface of the prosthesis

4 - grooved grooves

5 - ledge along the perimeter of the prosthesis

6 - elastic layer

A removable denture is made as follows. An impression is made and models are made according to which bite patterns with occlusal ridges and individual impression spoons are made. Then get an impression using an individual spoon. For the manufacture of working models and determine the central ratio of the jaws. On the made wax models, the basis of the prosthesis 1 is modeled and teeth 2 are staged. In the clinic, wax bases are tested and occlusal relationships are removed. On a wax basis 1, groove-shaped grooves 4 of a depth of 1 mm are modeled from the inner surface 3, diverging radially from the center and passing to the vestibular surface of the prosthesis in the transitional fold zone, and form a step 5 at an angle of ninety degrees, made along the entire perimeter of the prosthesis. The resulting wax structure is transferred to the acrylic method of cooking, the prosthesis is treated. An elastic layer is applied to the inner surface of the prosthesis and squeezed into the patient's oral cavity, after which excess is removed, the prosthesis is sanded and polished.

Claims (1)

A removable denture consisting of a base made of hard polymer dental material with mounted artificial teeth and an elastic part adjacent to the prosthetic bed, characterized in that grooved grooves 1 mm deep are made on the basis of the inner side facing the prosthetic bed, diverging radially from the center and passing to the vestibular surface of the prosthesis in the transitional zone, they are sweet in a step formed at an angle of ninety degrees, made along the entire perimeter of the prosthesis.