RU2500947C2 - Routing method of parallel cylindrical pipelines in no-go tunnel with cross section of circular outline - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: pipelines are arranged in coaxial holes-lodgements of supporting elements connected to each other with ropes. A formed bank of pipelines is drawn into a tunnel. Traction force is applied to the first and the last supporting elements in the flow direction, which are located at the distance equal to the tunnel length. Number of intermediate supporting elements is one less than the tunnel length divided by length of a bay between adjacent supporting elements. Supporting element is made in the form of a hollow cylinder equipped with rolling elements and end walls. Outer diameter and width of the supporting element are 0.8-0.9 and 0.4-0.5 of diameter of the no-go tunnel respectively. Centres of coaxial holes-lodgements, the diameter of which is 1.05-1.1 of diameter of routed pipelines, are arranged on a circle that is distant by 1.15-1.2 of the pipeline radius with maximum diameter from the circle of end wall of the hollow cylinder of the supporting element.

EFFECT: simultaneous routing of several parallel pipelines; reduction of losses of pulling forces for friction, preservation of pipelines against mechanical damages during their routing and operation; excluding spontaneous movement in the down coming section of the tunnel; possibility of replacing separate pipelines or their whole pack.

Description

The invention relates to the field of pipeline transport and can be used for laying several parallel cylindrical pipelines in an impassable tunnel with a circular cross-section.

As practice shows, the tunnel laying of several parallel cylindrical pipelines is mainly used for a through tunnel, when it is possible to carry out construction and installation works directly in the tunnel. In impassable tunnels with a circular cross-section, this is not possible, and existing technical solutions do not allow for the installation of several pipelines in these tunnels in compliance with the requirements for ensuring their safety from damage during installation.

The authors were faced with the task of developing a technical solution for laying in an impassable tunnel with a cross-section of a circular outline of several parallel cylindrical pipelines, ensuring their safety from damage during installation.

When reviewing the technical literature identified technical solutions related to the task.

A known method of laying a pipeline, which consists in creating an axial force applied to the tail of the pipe with giving the pipeline a rotational movement. The method is implemented using supporting elements located on the surface of the pipeline along a helix with distances between them equal to the pitch of the screw (see patent RU 2023935, class F16L 55/18 of 11/30/1994, "Method of pulling the pipeline").

The disadvantages of this method are: the use of complex devices for moving the pipeline in the axial direction while simultaneously giving the pipe rotational motion, the inability to use it for laying several pipelines in one tunnel without damaging their insulation coatings.

The closest technical solution to the invention is a method of mounting a pipe-in-pipe type pipeline, including annular supporting elements interconnected by cables (see patent SU 1076685 A, class F16L 7/00 of 02/28/1984, “Section of an underwater pipeline and method of its manufacture ").

The disadvantages of this method are: the impossibility of its use for laying several pipelines in one tunnel, the need for significant traction to overcome sliding friction forces when moving support elements in the cavity of the outer pipe, the complexity of counteracting spontaneous movement of pipes during their laying on the downward section of the longitudinal profile of the tunnel (for example, in tunnels equipped at the intersection of a water barrier), the difficulty of replacing a pipe placed in a tunnel and during its operation.

The objective of the proposed invention is to develop a method that provides for the simultaneous laying of several cylindrical pipelines in an impassable tunnel with a circular cross-section, a decrease of at least 30% in friction losses during friction of laying cylindrical pipelines in the tunnel, and the preservation of cylindrical pipelines from mechanical damage during their laying in the tunnel and during operation, the exception of spontaneous movement of pipelines in the downward section e longitudinal profile of the tunnel (e.g., tunnel, facilities located in the intersection of the water barrier), the replacement placed in the tunnel through passage individual cylindrical pipeline or the complete package.

This problem is solved by the fact that according to the method of laying parallel cylindrical pipelines in an impassable tunnel with a circular cross-section, the annular support elements are connected by cables, the annular support elements are made in the form of hollow cylinders having rolling elements, in the end walls of each of the annular support elements lodging holes in an amount equal to the number of parallel cylindrical pipelines, the diameter of each coaxial pair of lodging holes It has 1.05-1.10 diameters of the laid pipelines, which are placed in these lodgment holes before entering the impassable tunnel, the centers of the coaxial lodgment holes are placed on a circle 1.15-1.20 apart from the radius of the pipeline with the largest diameter from the circle the end wall of the hollow cylinder of the annular support element, the outer diameter of which is 0.80-0.90 of the diameter of the impassable tunnel, while the pulling force is applied to the first in the direction of travel of the annular support element and the last in the direction of travel of the support e the element of each of the lashes of parallel cylindrical pipelines, which are pre-mounted before entering the tunnel, the first and last along the laying of the annular supporting elements are placed at a distance equal to the length of the impassable tunnel, the number of intermediate annular supporting elements is one less than the length of the impassable tunnel divided by the length of the span between adjacent annular supports, and the width of the annular supporting element is selected from the condition of 0.4-0.5 diameter of the impassable tunnel.

The technical result of the proposed invention is to increase the efficiency of the tunneling method of constructing pipeline crossings through obstacles (mountains, water barrier, etc.) when laying several pipelines using one impassable tunnel, ensuring the required reliability of these pipelines due to their safety from mechanical damage during laying in the tunnel and during operation.

Figure 1-3 shows a device that implements the proposed method.

Figure 1 shows a General view of a device for laying pipelines.

Figure 2 shows the end wall of the annular support element.

Figure 3 schematically shows the span of the pipeline in the area between adjacent annular supporting elements.

Figure 4 shows a General view of a whip of pipelines mounted on a construction site.

Figure 5 schematically shows a section of a construction site in front of the entrance to the tunnel, a top view.

Figure 6 schematically shows a section of a construction site in front of the entrance to the tunnel, side view.

1-6, the following notation is used:

1 - cylindrical pipeline;

2 - lodgement hole;

3 - annular supporting element;

4 - rolling element;

5 - end wall of the annular support element;

6 - cable;

7 - the inner plane of the impassable tunnel;

8 - chain for transmitting forces to the annular supporting element;

9 - an asterisk of a chain transmission;

10 - electric motor of a chain transmission;

11 - a pulley of a chain transmission;

12 - channel for placing elements of a chain transmission;

13 - entrance to the impassable tunnel;

14 - a trough for moving lashes of cylindrical pipelines to the entrance to the impassable tunnel.

The proposed method is implemented as follows.

Each of the head parts of parallel cylindrical pipelines 1 (for example, three pipelines) is placed in the lodgement holes 2 of the annular supporting element 3, made in the form of a hollow cylinder and provided with rolling elements 4 (for example, four). The outer diameter of the annular supporting element 3 is 0.80-0.90 of the diameter of the impassable tunnel, the width is 0.4-0.5 of the diameter of the impassable tunnel. The diameter of each of the lodgement holes 2 of the annular supporting element 3 is performed with tolerances that provide free placement in the lodgement holes 2 of the cylindrical pipelines 1, and equal to 0.15-0.20 of the outer diameter of these pipelines 1. The rolling elements 4 are placed in pairs on a cylindrical surface annular supporting element 3 and provide the perception of the loads from the mass of the annular supporting element 3 and cylindrical pipelines 1 with the pumping products (oil, oil, water and other liquids ty). The centers of the coaxial opening-cradles 2 are placed on a circle remote from the circumference of the end wall of the hollow cylinder of the annular supporting element 3 by 1.15-1.20 of the radius of the cylindrical pipe 1 having the largest diameter.

The placement of the laid cylindrical pipelines 1 in the lodgement holes 2 of the annular supporting elements 3 is carried out at the construction site, which is equipped at the entrance to the impassable tunnel. Before placing the cylindrical pipelines 1 in the annular supporting elements 3 on the construction site, lashes of cylindrical pipelines 1 are formed, the length of each of which is 1-2 spans between the annular supporting elements 3, taking into account the protrusion of 1-2 m in length of the mounted whip of the cylindrical pipeline 1 beyond the boundaries of the front end wall 5 of the first in the direction of travel of the intermediate annular supporting element 3 and the rear end wall 5 of the last in the direction of movement of the intermediate annular about pore element 3. Scourges of cylindrical pipelines 1 are placed alternately in the hole-pockets 2. The order of placement of cylindrical pipelines 1 is determined depending on their diameters: first, a cylindrical pipeline 1 of larger diameter is placed, then the rest in descending order of their diameters. Moreover, in the lower part of the annular supporting elements 3 are placed cylindrical pipelines 1 of larger diameter, in the upper part of a smaller diameter. The tail of each of the lashes of the cylindrical pipelines 1 is placed in the hole-cradle 2 of the next in the direction of movement of the annular supporting elements 3.

To ensure the simultaneous laying of cylindrical pipelines 1 with annular support elements 3, the head parts of these pipelines 1, located in the first along the annular support element 3, are fixed by welding to the front end wall 5 of this annular support element 3, and the tail parts of the cylindrical pipelines 1 mounted at the construction site, they are fixed by welding to the rear end wall 5 of the last along the direction of movement of the supporting element 3 of each of the subsequent lashes of cylindrical pipes oprovodov 1. This annular support members 3 are interconnected by cables 6 (e.g., three) arranged at equally spaced distances from each other. The length of each cable 7 should be equal to the length of the span between adjacent annular supporting elements 3, which is assigned from the following conditions:

- ensuring the strength of cylindrical pipelines 1 located in each span between adjacent annular supports 3;

- the magnitude of the bend of each of the pipelines 1 in the span between adjacent annular supporting elements 3 should exclude its contact with the inner plane of the tunnel 7 at the maximum possible constant loads acting on the pipeline.

In this case, the estimated span between adjacent annular supporting elements 3 is determined by the following formula (see A.B. Ainbinder “Calculation of trunk and field pipelines for strength and stability”, M., “Nedra”, 1991):

$$l_{\mathrm{one}}=\sqrt[\mathrm{four}]{\frac{f_{\mathrm{one}}384EI}{q{\overline{f}}_{\mathrm{one}}}},\left(\mathrm{one}\right)$$

where l ₁ is the length of the span between adjacent annular supporting elements 3, m;

f ₁ - allowable bending of the cylindrical pipeline 1 in the span between adjacent annular supporting elements 3, m:

$$f_{\mathrm{one}}=h-{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="f"\; filenames="00000007.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">f</figure-callout>}}_2,\left(2\right)$$

h is the minimum distance from the cylindrical pipeline 1 to the inner plane of the tunnel 7, measured on the end wall 5 of the annular support element 3, m;

f ₂ - the minimum allowable distance from the cylindrical pipeline 1 in the place of its maximum bend to the inner plane of the impassable tunnel 7, m;

E - deformation modulus of the applied pipes, N / m ² ;

I - axial moment of inertia of the pipe section, m ⁴ ;

q is the intensity of the load on the span of the cylindrical pipeline 1 between adjacent annular supporting elements 3, N / m;

- безразмерный параметр, являющийся функцией φ: $${\overline{f}}_{\mathrm{one}}$$

- dimensionless parameter, which is a function of φ:

$${\overline{f}}_{\mathrm{one}}=\frac{6{\varphi }^{\mathrm{four}}+12{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="\phi "\; filenames="00000008.png,00000009.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\varphi </figure-callout>}}^3+10{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="\phi "\; filenames="00000007.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\varphi </figure-callout>}}^2+5\varphi +\mathrm{one}}{\mathrm{one}+\varphi },\left(3\right)$$

φ is a parameter characterizing the relative pinching of the ends of the cylindrical pipeline 1 at the inlet and outlet of the impassable tunnel:

$$\varphi =\sqrt[\mathrm{four}]{\frac{2EIL}{D_n{c}_{\mathrm{at}0}}},\left(\mathrm{four}\right)$$

L is the length of the impassable tunnel, m;

D _n - the nominal diameter of the cylindrical pipeline 1, m;

with _y0 is the coefficient of normal soil resistance at the entrance and exit of an impassable tunnel.

In this case, the maximum permissible span between adjacent support elements 3 should not exceed 25 m.

In the process of laying, the traction forces are transmitted using the traction mechanism (winch, tractor, etc.) to the first annular supporting element 3 with the help of a cable 6 passing through the tunnel from its exit to the construction site, as well as to the last in the direction of travel, the supporting element 3 of each of the subsequent lashes of the cylindrical pipelines 1 using a chain transmission, the chain 8 of which is connected to the front and rear end walls 5 of this supporting element 3 and is driven by an asterisk 9 and the traction mechanism 10 (electric motor) inward with it, as well as the pulley 11. In this case, the sprocket 9, the traction mechanism 10 (electric motor) and the chain transmission pulley 11 are placed in the channel 12 specially equipped on the construction site at a depth that provides a distance from the upper generators sprockets 9 and pulley 11 to the lower generatrix of the annular supporting elements 3 not less than 0.2 meters. Moving to the entrance 13 into the tunnel of each of the subsequent lashes of cylindrical pipelines 1 is carried out by a specially equipped groove 14, the configuration of the inner cavity of which should ensure the free movement of the supporting elements 3. The forces created by the traction mechanisms during installation must be synchronized.

As the first in the direction of movement of the annular supporting element 3 and the cylindrical pipes 1 rigidly connected to it are laid, subsequent annular supporting elements 3 are moved by cables 6. In this case, on the construction site, the head of each subsequent whip of the cylindrical pipe 1, previously placed in the holes -comments 2 of the annular supporting elements 3, is connected with the tail of the previous whip of the cylindrical pipeline 1 as you reach the last annular supporting of element 3 of the previous lash of cylindrical pipelines 1 of the beginning of the impassable tunnel, and chain 8 is attached to the front and rear end walls 5 of the last along the direction of support element 3 of each of the subsequent lashes of cylindrical pipelines 1.

After completing the laying of the cylindrical pipelines 1 in the impassable tunnel, the extreme annular supporting elements 3 located at the beginning and end of the impassable tunnel are fixed in a static position.

The proposed technical solution also provides the possibility of replacing individual cylindrical pipelines 1 located in an impassable tunnel during operation without mechanical damage. To do this, the head of a new cylindrical pipeline 1 with the same or smaller outer diameter is welded to the tail of the replaced cylindrical pipeline 1 and they are pulled together through the corresponding hole-tool holders of the annular supporting elements 3.

In addition, it is possible to carry out the simultaneous replacement of the entire package of parallel cylindrical pipelines 1 laid in the non-passage tunnel with the simultaneous replacement of the annular supporting elements 3. For this, a replaceable package of parallel cylindrical pipelines 1 with the annular supporting elements is initially pulled out of the non-passage tunnel, then a new package of parallel cylindrical pipelines 1. It is also possible to simultaneously replace the replacement and new packages parallel s cylindrical pipes 1 by attaching the cables 6 of the first annular support member 3 of a new packet of parallel cylindrical pipes 1 to the last annular support member 3 is replaced by a packet of parallel cylindrical pipes 1.

As a result of the implementation of the proposed technical solution is provided:

the simultaneous laying of several parallel cylindrical pipelines 1 in an impassable tunnel with a circular cross-section;

a decrease of not less than 30% in the loss of traction on friction in the process of laying parallel cylindrical pipelines 1 in an impassable tunnel;

safety of pipelines from mechanical damage during their laying in the tunnel and during operation;

the elimination of spontaneous movement of pipelines in a descending section of the longitudinal profile of the tunnel (for example, in a tunnel equipped at the intersection of a water barrier);

the possibility of replacing individual cylindrical pipelines 1 or their complete package placed in a non-passage tunnel.

Claims (1)

A method of laying parallel cylindrical pipelines in an impassable tunnel with a circular cross-sectional cross section, including annular supporting elements interconnected by cables, characterized in that the annular supporting elements are hollow cylinders having rolling elements, openings are made in the end walls of each of the annular supporting elements - lodges in an amount equal to the number of parallel cylindrical pipelines, the diameter of each coaxial pair of lodgment holes is 1.05-1.10 dia a meter of the laid pipelines, which are placed in these lodgment holes before entering the impassable tunnel, the centers of the coaxial lodgment holes are placed on a circle that is 1.15-1.20 remote from the radius of the pipeline with the largest diameter from the circumference of the end wall of the hollow cylinder of the annular supporting element, the outer diameter of which is 0.80-0.90 of the diameter of the impassable tunnel, while the pulling force is applied to the first in the direction of travel of the annular supporting element and the last in the direction of movement of the supporting element each of the lashes of parallel cylindrical pipelines that are pre-mounted before entering the tunnel, the first and last along the laying of the ring support elements are placed at a distance equal to the length of the impassable tunnel, the number of intermediate annular support elements is one less than the length of the impassable tunnel divided by the length of the span between adjacent annular supports, and the width of the annular supporting element is selected from the condition of 0.4-0.5 diameter of the impassable tunnel.

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