RU2499926C1 - Shock-absorbing device with adjustable characteristics - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: shock-absorbing device consists of an operating cylinder, in which two dividing pistons forming three operating chambers are located. There is one spring in each chamber. A nut of the operating cylinder, through which a stock passes, is screwed on both ends of the operating cylinder. One side of the stock is attached to the dividing piston to transfer forces to it, and its other side is provided with an eye lug for attachment to a car frame and a suspended lever. A stock cuff is installed between the stock and the nut of the operating cylinder. A high pressure pipeline, in which systems of compression and rebound valves and adjustable throttles are located, is provided from the upper operating chamber to the lower operating chamber. There is a branch between two adjustable throttles, which leads to the intermediate operating chamber. One more high pressure pipeline for supply of working liquid is connected to the upper and lower operating chambers, on each of which one control valve and one check valve is installed. One more pipeline is connected to the intermediate operating chamber for discharge of working liquid, on which a control valve and a check valve is installed as well.

EFFECT: wide range of change of elastic damping characteristics of the shock-absorbing device.

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Description

The invention relates to transport machinery, namely to the suspension of vehicles.

The known design of a telescopic hydraulic single-tube shock absorber [1], consisting of a rod, a piston with throttle holes, a working cylinder nut, a cuff sleeve, a bypass valve disk, a bypass valve spring, a return valve disk, a return valve spring plate, a working cylinder, a compression valve body, compensation chamber, high pressure pipeline, eyelets.

The disadvantage of this design is the impossibility of regulating its elastic-damping characteristics depending on the driving style and road profile.

The objective of the invention is the ability to control the elastic-damping characteristics of the shock-absorbing device, which leads to increased ride smoothness on various types of road profile with different driving styles, reduced roll of the car body when cornering at high speeds, and reduced shock loads of the suspension.

The technical result of the invention is achieved by the fact that the inventive shock-absorbing device consists of a working cylinder, in which there are two separation pistons, thereby forming three working chambers, each of which has one spring. From both ends, a working cylinder nut is screwed onto the working cylinder, through which a rod passes, which is attached to the separation piston on one side to transmit forces to it, and on the other side has an eye for attachment to the vehicle frame and suspension arm. To ensure tightness, a stem seal is installed between the stem and the nut of the working cylinder. A high pressure pipeline was drawn from the upper working chamber to the lower working chamber, along the path of which there are a system of compression and rebound valves of the upper working chamber, an adjustable throttle of the upper working chamber, an adjustable throttle of the lower working chamber, a system of compression and rebound valves of the lower working chamber. Between the two adjustable chokes on the pipeline there is a branch that leads to the middle working chamber. Also, one more high-pressure pipe for supplying a working fluid, on which one control valve and one non-return valve are installed, and another pipe to the middle working chamber for discharging the working fluid, on which a control valve is also installed, is connected to the upper and lower working chambers and check valve.

The invention is presented in figure 1, which shows a General diagram of a shock-absorbing device with its inclusion in the hydraulic system of the car. The shock-absorbing device with an adjustable characteristic consists of a working cylinder 1, a spring of the upper working chamber 2, a rod of the upper 3, a piston of a separating upper 4, a spring of a middle working chamber 5, a piston of a separating upper 6, a spring of a lower working chamber 7, a rod of a lower 8, a nut of a working cylinder bottom 9, cuffs of the lower rod 10, lugs of the lower 11, nuts of the working cylinder of the upper 12, cuffs of the upper rod 13, eyes of the upper 14, high pressure pipe 15, compression valve of the upper working chamber 16, high relief valve the working chamber 17, the throttle of the adjustable upper working chamber 18, the throttle of the adjustable lower working chamber 19, the compression valve of the lower working chamber 20, the end valve of the lower working chamber 21, the control valve of the lower working chamber 22, the reverse valve of the lower working chamber 23, the control valve of the middle working chamber chamber 24, uncontrolled throttle 25, reverse middle working chamber valve 26, upper working chamber control valve 27, reverse upper working chamber valve 28, pressure reducing valve 29, constant feed pump 30, strainer 31, hydraulic tank 32.

The regulation of the elastic-damping characteristics of the shock-absorbing device is as follows.

Firstly, by alternately switching on the upper “A” and lower “B” working chambers. The upper working chamber is turned on by closing the control valve 27 and opening the adjustable throttle 18. The lower working chamber is turned on by closing the control valve 22 and the opening of the adjustable throttle 19. As a result of alternating switching on of these working chambers, the working fluid circulates through the high pressure pipeline or between the upper and the middle working chamber or between the lower and middle working chamber. A system of compression and rebound valves is encountered along the path of the working fluid. In this case, the spring force of the compression valve 17 is different from the spring force of the compression valve 20, and the spring force of the rebound valve 16 is different from the spring force of the rebound valve 21. Thus, the alternate inclusion in the work of different working chambers reduces or increases the response time of the shock-absorbing device, as a result of different the magnitude of the effort required to operate the rebound and compression valves.

Secondly, by supplying the working fluid to the lower or upper working chambers. To do this, there is a constant feed pump 30, which is a source of high pressure. As a result, the working fluid from the hydraulic tank 32 is sucked through a strainer 31, passes through a pump, a pressure reducing valve. Further, a branching of the pipeline occurs, each branch of which leads to a separate shock-absorbing device. Before the shock-absorbing device, the pipeline forks again into two branches, one of which leads to the upper working chamber, and the other to the lower working chamber of the shock-absorbing device. On each branch there is a control valve 22 and 27 and a check valve 23 and 28. When the working fluid is supplied to the lower working chamber, the control valve 22 and control valve 24 are opened, through which the working fluid from the middle working chamber “B” flows back into the hydraulic tank. As a result, the working cylinder, relative to the lower separation piston 6, moves down until the force of the fluid pressure becomes equal to the pressure force of the springs 2 and 5. After that, the pressure reducing valve is actuated and the working fluid flows back through it into the hydraulic tank, control valves 22 and 24 close. In a similar way, the working fluid is supplied to the upper working chamber. Thus, the supply of the working fluid to one of the working chambers increases the stiffness of the springs 2 and 5 or 5 and 7, respectively.

Thirdly, by changing the bore in the adjustable throttle of the upper 18 and lower 19 working chambers, which leads to an increase or decrease in the hydraulic resistance of the liquid and, as a consequence, to increase or decrease the damping characteristics of the shock-absorbing device.

With various combinations of all three methods of regulating the shock-absorbing device, a wide range of changes in its elastic-damping characteristics is achieved.

Using the claimed invention will improve ride smoothness, reduce roll of the car body at high speeds, reduce shock loads of the suspension when driving on bumpy roads due to changes in the elastic-damping characteristics of the shock-absorbing device.

Information sources

1. Car chassis: Shock absorbers, tires and wheels / Per. with him. V.P. Agapova. Under. ed. O.D. Goldilocks. - M .: Mechanical Engineering, 1986. - 320 p.

Claims (1)

A shock-absorbing device with adjustable characteristics, consisting of a telescopic single-tube shock absorber, characterized in that it contains a working cylinder, in which there are two separation pistons, forming three working chambers, each of which has one spring, a nut is screwed on both ends of the cylinder a working cylinder through which a rod passes, which is attached to the separation piston on one side to transmit forces to it, and on the other side has an eye for attachment to the vehicle frame To ensure tightness between the rod and the nut of the working cylinder, a stem cuff is installed, from the upper working chamber to the lower working chamber a high pressure pipe is drawn, along the route of which there are a system of compression and rebound valves of the upper working chamber, an adjustable throttle of the upper working chamber , an adjustable throttle of the lower working chamber, a system of compression and rebound valves of the lower working chamber, there is a branch between two adjustable chokes on the pipeline, which detects to the middle working chamber, also to the upper and lower working chambers one more high pressure pipe is connected for supplying the working fluid, on which one control valve and one non-return valve are installed, and another pipe to the middle working chamber for draining the working fluid, which also has a control valve and a check valve.