RU2498914C1 - Rescue device to be used at railways and method of its application - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to transport engineering, particularly, to rescue devices installed at locomotives to save people and to prevent collisions with animals at tracks. Sound projector is mounted at locomotive head to emit narrow short-term directed beam of sound effects to warn people or to frighten away animals. In case said sound effects fail to work air basket compactly arranged at the train is deployed at definite distance to pick up the body. Said basket is composed of air-cushion built around elastic different-diameter balloons with lubed surface to kill kinetic power of human or animal body.

EFFECT: higher safety of railway traffic.

4 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of transport engineering, in particular to rescue devices mounted on a locomotive of a train and designed to save people and prevent collisions with animals on railway tracks.

Well-known methods of preventing injuries and deaths of people outside the car in the "man-vehicle" system.

So, it is known a device and method for preventing injuries and deaths during a collision with a vehicle [patent RU No. 2241614, IPC B60R 21/34, publ. December 10, 2004], consisting in braking the vehicle by turning on the brakes and disengaging the clutch, while installing on the front of the vehicle across the entire width a cylindrical element horizontally located at the radiator level with an elastic shell with a pressure inside of it of 1.5-2 atm , which captures, fixes and simultaneously vertically raises a person to a height of 10-20 cm from the roadbed.

The disadvantages of this method and device is:

- excessive complexity of the device and the associated low reliability;

- the difficulty of synchronizing the actions of various elements of the system, since these actions should be carried out almost instantly in order to ensure security;

- the danger of injuring people by captures, since kinetic energy of a person’s body mass is realized at a tremendous speed in a collision with a car.

Long-range warning devices [www.secnews.ru] are also known in the art (non-lethal acoustic gun used as one of the elements of the proposed technical solution). In the United States, in particular, they are used to disperse animals from runways and disperse birds at airports, to disperse demonstrations, and, as a means of long-distance acoustic communication, in Morflot and in the troops.

The disadvantage of warning devices is that they can only be used safely up to a certain distance from the object.

The closest technical solution, selected as a prototype, is a method of protecting a car and a pedestrian in a car accident [patent RU No. 2261187, IPC B60R 19/40, B60R 21/34, publ. September 27, 2005], which includes an additional shock-absorbing bumper that automatically extends towards the obstacle and softens the blow, equipped with an airbag commensurate with the length of the bumper and the height of an adult, which opens when the bumper touches the pedestrian, made up of three longitudinal cavities, of which the lateral ones are connected to the middle cavity having a self-adhesive surface through valves that allow air to flow from the middle cavity to the lateral ones, and with pressure on the middle cavity of the pillow danger of falling pedestrian air therefrom passes through valves providing the air to flow into its cavity side, increasing their volume and lateral grip human cavities.

The disadvantages of this method are:

- the operation of the security system at the time of a collision with a person when high dynamics does not guarantee the speed and sequence of operations of the method;

- the capture of a person with a very high speed even by pneumatic cavities does not guarantee him from injury.

The technical result achieved in the claimed invention is to improve road safety and prevent the death of people and animal collisions in a collision with a train.

The specified technical result is achieved in that in the rescue device on the railway tracks, which includes an additional structure in vehicles that automatically extends towards the obstacle, equipped with pneumatic cylinders and an airbag, divided into longitudinal cavities, the new one is that it contains an acoustic projector and a compact pneumatic basket which is based on an airbag based on elastic curved cylinders supported by elastic cylinders and different diameters, with a non-traumatic profile of the base fabric coated with grease, with an elastic front insert and shutter, as well as pressure switches, sliding pallets with support rollers, a laser rangefinder and its scanning drive, a threshold electronic device, amplifier, electric drives, valves, the main and standby receivers, contactor, manually controlled damper.

In the way of rescue on railroad tracks, which consists in automatically pushing forward against an obstacle of an additional design with pneumatic cylinders, the new thing is that at first the driver alerts people with an acoustic spotlight or scares away animals, if the sound background does not give effect, then, at a certain distance to the object on the road, the rangefinder generates a laser beam with its scanning along the path at an angle of 10 degrees horizontally, a threshold electronic device transmits a signal to the amplifier, which gives a pulse that turns on the electromagnetic drive of the first valve to the open position and the electromagnetic drive of the second valve to the closed position, while air from the receiver, charged from the compressor, enters a collapsed pneumatic basket, which is "shot" into the working position in front of the rails with two pneumatic cylinders based on sliding pallets with supporting rollers, and thereby picks up the object. If the object is a large animal, then a pressure switch is additionally triggered, the signal from which is transmitted to an amplifier that gives a pulse that turns on the electromagnetic valve of the additional valve to the “open” position and the backup receiver is connected at a high speed, which increases the elasticity of the pneumatic basket by increasing the pressure in it .

The pneumatic basket is returned to the transport position by a manually operated damper connecting the basket cavity to the compressor inlet and the electric lock gives an impulse to close the first valve and open the second for subsequent charging of the receivers, the compressor draws air from the basket and thereby folds into transport position.

The claimed group of inventions meets the requirement of the unity of the invention, since it forms a single inventive concept, and the objects of the inventions have the same purpose, one of which is intended for the implementation of the other, providing the same technical result.

Comparative analysis with the prototype allowed us to identify a set of essential distinguishing features in relation to the technical result for each of the claimed objects of the group set forth in the formula. Therefore, each of the objects of the group of inventions meets the criterion of "novelty."

The features distinguishing the claimed technical solutions from the prototype are not identified in other technical solutions when studying data and related fields of science and, therefore, provide the claimed solutions with the criterion of "inventive step".

The invention is illustrated by drawings. Figure 1 schematically shows a General view of the device, where a is the action of the acoustic spotlight at a distance of 500 m from the object, b is the moment of picking up the object with a pneumatic basket in the working position; figure 2 shows a schematic electro-pneumatic diagram for a pneumatic basket; figure 3 shows the design of the pneumatic basket in the working position.

The device consists of an acoustic spotlight 1 mounted on the front of the locomotive, a pneumatic basket in the transport 2 and working 3 position (figa, b), a range finder 4 (figure 2), a laser beam 5, its scanning drive 6, a threshold electronic devices 7, amplifiers 8 and 24, valves 9 and 10 with electromagnetic actuators 11 and 12, valve 25 with electromagnetic actuator 26, receiver 13 and backup receiver 27, compressor 14 of the locomotive, damper 28 with manual control, electric lock 29, contactor 30, relay pressure 23 (figure 2, 3), pneum cylinders 15 (Fig. 3), retractable pallets 16 and 17 with supporting rollers 18, dampers 19, airbags based on elastic curved cylinders 20, supported by elastic cylinders 21 of different diameters, sides 22 of the basket.

The device is as follows.

When the train is moving in case an object is detected on rail tracks at a distance of 500 meters, the driver includes an acoustic spotlight 1 (Fig. 1, a), which briefly directed a narrow beam of sound in front of the train along the tracks warns people or scares away animals, with an acoustic level the background is about 117 dB, which is close to the pain threshold of sound perception and is safe for health.

If the acoustic warning or deterrence did not work, then from 150 meters the pneumatic basket 2 is deployed to the working position 3 (Fig. 1, b) as follows: the range finder 4 (Fig. 2), mounted below the pneumatic basket 2, generates a laser beam 5 at a level of 100 mm from the level of the rail head (UGR), with its scanning by drive 6 along the path at an angle of 10 degrees horizontally. At the current value of the electric signal of the range finder 4, corresponding to a distance of 150 meters from the object - a person or animal on the way of movement, the threshold electronic device 7 transmits a signal to the amplifier 8, which gives a pulse, which turns the electromagnetic actuator 11 of the valve 9 into the "open" position and the electromagnetic actuator 12 of the valve 10 to the closed position. At the same time, air from the receiver 13 at a pressure of 10 atm charged from the braking system of the locomotive - compressor 14, with the valve 9 open, enters the pneumatic basket 2, which is "shot" into the working position 3 in front on the rails with two pneumatic cylinders 15 (Fig. 3) based on sliding pallets 16 and 17, with supporting rollers 18.

A distance of 150 meters is necessary to ensure the deployment time of the basket to the object on the rail to the working position at the maximum speed of the train.

In a collision with an object - a person (animal), he knocks down with an elastic insert (not shown) in front of the pneumatic basket 3, falls on the shutter 19 (Fig. 3) and rotates it with its weight, then slides along the lubricated surface A of the airbag on the base six elastic curved cylinders 20, supported by six elastic cylinders 21 of different diameters, on the curved surface of which the kinetic energy of the mass of his body is extinguished. The damper 19 under the action of a torsion spring (not shown) returns to the vertical position and thereby pulls the fabric side 22 of the basket attached to it. The pneumatic basket is set to a pressure of 1 kg / cm ² . In the event of a collision with a large animal, the pressure switch 23 (Fig. 2, 3) is activated, installed in the pneumatic cylinders 15, the signal from which is transmitted to the amplifier 24 (Fig. 2), which supplies a pulse that turns on the electromagnetic actuator 26 of the valve 25 to the “open” position "- connects the backup receiver 27 at high speed, increasing elasticity by increasing the pressure in the pneumatic basket 3 to 2 kg / cm ² . This increase can be performed manually and the driver when he noticed an animal on the way.

The maximum degree of reduction in injuries when a basket traps an object on a rail is ensured by a non-injuring profile A of the base fabric coating of the basket with lubricant applied.

The return of the pneumatic basket 3 to the transport position 2 is made by a manually controlled valve 28 (connecting the cavity of the basket with the compressor inlet 14 and the electric lock 29 gives an impulse to close valve 9 and open valve 10 for subsequent charging of receivers 13 and 27. Compressor 14 sucks air from the basket 3 and, thus, it is folded into the transport position 2: pneumatic cylinders 15 are retracted (Fig. 3), two parts of the pallet 16 and 17 are moved and lifted, closing the entire structure.

When folded, the pneumatic basket has a thickness equal to the length of the automatic coupling of the train. It has a valve (not shown) that leans back if necessary to couple the locomotive to another locomotive or wagon.

Pneumatic basket 2 is triggered only when the threshold electronic device 7 (Fig. 2) is automatically turned on by a contactor 30 from the locomotive speed meter when it is moving at speeds above 20 km / h.

The method is illustrated by the following examples.

Example 1. During the movement of a train when it detects an object - a person or an animal on rail tracks at a distance of 500 meters, the driver includes an acoustic spotlight 1 (figure 1), which briefly directed a narrow beam of sound in front of the train along the tracks prevents or repels him.

Example 2. In the event that an acoustic warning or deterrence (see example 1) did not produce an effect, then when the threshold electronic device 7 (Fig. 2) is automatically turned on by a contactor 30 from the locomotive speed meter when it moves at speeds above 20 km / h, 150 meters, the pneumatic basket 2 is deployed to the working position 3 as follows: the range finder 4 (Fig. 2), mounted below the pneumatic basket 2, generates a laser beam 5 at a level of 100 mm from the level of the rail head (UTR), with its scanning by the drive 6 along the path at an angle of 10 degrees p about horizontal. At the current value of the electric signal of the range finder 4, corresponding to a distance of 150 meters from the object - a person or animal on the way of movement, the threshold electronic device 7 transmits a signal to the amplifier 8, which gives a pulse, which turns the electromagnetic actuator 11 of the valve 9 into the "open" position and the electromagnetic actuator 12 of the valve 10 to the closed position. At the same time, air from the receiver 13 at a pressure of 10 atm charged from the braking system of the locomotive - compressor 14, with the valve 9 open, enters the pneumatic basket 2, which is "shot" into the working position 3 in front on the rails with two pneumatic cylinders 15 (Fig. 3) based on sliding pallets 16 and 17, with supporting rollers 18.

When colliding with an object, it knocks down with an elastic insert (not shown) in front of the pneumatic basket 3, falls on the shutter 19 (Fig. 3) and rotates it with its weight, then slides along the surface A of the airbag based on six elastic curved cylinders 20 supported six elastic balloons of 21 different diameters, on the curved surface of which the kinetic energy of the mass of his body is extinguished. The damper 19 under the action of a torsion spring (not shown) returns to the vertical position and thereby pulls the fabric side 22 of the basket attached to it.

The pneumatic basket 3 is returned to transport position 2 by a manually controlled damper 28 connecting the basket cavity to the compressor inlet 14 and the electric lock 29 gives an impulse to close valve 9 and open valve 10 for subsequent charging of receivers 13 and 27. Compressor 14 draws air from basket 3 , and thereby it is folded into transport position 2: pneumatic cylinders 15 are retracted, two parts of the pallet 16 and 17 are moved and lifted, closing the entire structure.

Example 3. If the acoustic scaring (see example 1) did not give an effect, and the object is a large animal, then the device works as in example 2, but with increased elasticity. Additionally, the pressure switch 23 (Fig. 2, 3) is installed, installed in the pneumatic cylinders 15, the signal from which is transmitted to the amplifier 24 (Fig. 2), which gives a pulse that turns on the electromagnetic actuator 26 of the valve 25 to the “open” position - a backup receiver is connected 27 with high speed increasing elasticity by increasing the pressure in the pneumatic basket 3 to 2 kg / cm ² .

The pneumatic basket 3 is returned to transport position 2 by a manually controlled damper 28 connecting the basket cavity to the compressor inlet 14 and the electric lock 29 gives an impulse to close valve 9, 25 and open valve 10 for subsequent charging of receivers 13 and 27. Compressor 14 draws air from basket 3, and thereby it is folded into transport position 2: pneumatic cylinders 15 are retracted, two parts of the pallet 16 and 17 are moved and lifted, closing the entire structure.

The advantages of the present invention are:

- the possibility of introducing powerful narrow-focus sound generators into the system of ensuring traffic safety on the railways of the Russian Federation to prevent people and scare away animals on railway tracks at long distances from moving trains, which is more effective than a regular locomotive horn;

- the possibility of introducing a device for saving people and preventing collisions with animals by capturing them in a non-traumatic pneumatic basket;

- non-traumatic grabbing of people and animals into the pneumatic basket is ensured by its design, where the kinetic energy of the body mass is completely extinguished when sliding along a curved lubricated surface;

- adaptation of the elasticity of the pneumatic basket to the mass of a person or a large animal due to the pressure switch in the pneumatic cylinders of the basket.

The proposed technical solution allows to increase road safety, to prevent loss of life and animal collisions in a collision with trains.

Claims (4)

1. A rescue device on railroad tracks, which includes an additional design in vehicles that automatically extends toward an obstacle, equipped with pneumatic cylinders and an airbag, divided into longitudinal cavities, characterized in that it contains an acoustic floodlight and a compact pneumatic basket, the basis of which is an airbag on base of elastic curved cylinders supported by elastic cylinders of different diameters, with a non-traumatic base profile o fabric coated with grease, with an elastic front insert and shutter, as well as pressure switches, retractable trays with supporting rollers, a laser range finder and its scanning drive, a threshold electronic device, an amplifier, electric drives, valves, primary and backup receivers, a contactor, a shutter with manual control. 2. A way of rescue on railroad tracks, which consists in automatically pushing forward against an obstacle of an additional design with pneumatic cylinders, characterized in that the driver first alerts the people with an acoustic spotlight or scares away the animals, if the sound background does not work, then at a certain distance to the object on the road, the rangefinder generates a laser beam with its scanning along the path along the path at an angle of 10 ° horizontally, the threshold electronic device will transmit a signal to the amplifier, which delivers and a pulse that turns on the electromagnetic drive of the first valve to the open position and the electromagnetic drive of the second valve to the closed position, while air from the receiver charged from the compressor enters the folded pneumatic basket, which is "shot" into the working position in front of the rails with two pneumatic cylinders based on sliding pallets with supporting rollers, and thereby picks up the object. 3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that if the object is a large animal, then a pressure switch is additionally triggered, the signal from which is transmitted to the amplifier, which gives a pulse that turns on the electromagnetic valve of the additional valve to the “open” position and the backup receiver is connected with high speed, increasing the elasticity of the pneumatic basket by increasing the pressure in it. 4. The method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the pneumatic basket is returned to the transport position by a manually controlled damper connecting the basket cavity to the compressor inlet, and the electric lock gives an impulse to close the first valve and open the second receiver for subsequent charging, the compressor sucks air from the basket and, thus, it folds into the transport position.

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