RU2497745C2 - Shape of channel for crane section - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to crane section. Crane section has lengthwise axis and hidden outline line extending in transverse section approximately in mirror symmetry about mirror axis s. Note here that outline line crosses the mirror axis first point of intersection S₁ and second point S₂. Outline line has straight length with hidden extension thereof in direction of second intersection point S₂ crosses mirror axis s to make an acute angle therewith. Center of gravity F confined by outline line in area cross-section plane is located between said first intersection point S₁ and mid point M located at mirror axis s at equal distance from first and second points S₁, S₂.

EFFECT: perfected crane section.

30 cl, 12 dwg

Description

This invention relates to a crane section for a crane containing a longitudinal axis and extending in the transverse plane relative to the axis of symmetry of at least approximately mirror symmetrical imaginary contour line, while the contour line intersects the axis of symmetry at the first and second intersection points and the contour line has a straight line a plot, the imaginary continuation of which in the direction of the second intersection point intersects the axis of symmetry and forms an acute angle with it.

Such a crane is shown, for example, in FIG. 13 in EP 583552 B1.

Such a crane section has a relatively high construction in practice, and thereby the possibility of its use is severely limited. For example, it is not suitable for the field of loading cranes.

The objective of the invention is to provide an improved crane section.

This problem is solved using the crane section with the characteristics of paragraph 1 of the claims.

The real crane section naturally has, based on the thickness of the material of the structural elements forming it, both the outer contour and the inner contour. “Imaginary contour line” refers to the outer contour of the crane section.

By the center of gravity of the area in this disclosure is meant the center of gravity of the entire area surrounded by an imaginary line of the contour line (the hatched area in Fig. 1h). Thus, the concept of "center of gravity of the area" should not be understood as referring to the prisoner between the external and internal contour of the area.

The choice of the passage (shape) of the imaginary line is made so that the center of gravity of the area surrounded by the imaginary line of the contour of the zone is between the first intersection point and the midpoint, which allows free selection of the thickness of the metal sheet surrounded by the imaginary line of the contour of the crane section in a relatively large range of thickness of the material. In contrast to the prior art (for example, EP 583552 B1), the position of the passage through zero on the axis of symmetry (the position in which the tensile forces prevailing in the upper section of the crane section and the compression forces prevailing in the lower section of the crane section) is determined by not choosing the thickness of the metal sheet, but the passage of an imaginary contour line. Even with the same thickness of the metal sheet of all sections, the invention makes it possible to shift the transition through zero to the lower zone of the crane section.

Other preferred embodiments are given in the dependent claims.

In addition, the invention relates to a boom system for a crane, wherein at least one boom and / or extension of the boom is formed in the form of a crane section according to any one of paragraphs. 1-26 claims. Preferably, between 1 and 20, preferably between 5 or 10, boom extensions is provided. It is particularly preferred that more than five boom extensions are provided.

In addition, the invention relates to a crane, in particular a loading crane, comprising a crane section in accordance with the above embodiments or a boom system of this type, as well as to a vehicle equipped with such a crane.

Other advantages and details of the invention follow from the description below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

figa - the first example of an imaginary line contour of the crane section according to the invention;

FIG. 1b and 1c show the outline of the contour line (FIG. 1b) and the corresponding sheet metal structure (FIG. 1c) of one embodiment in which the circular arc shaped portion k _{1 is} approximated by a polygonal line;

fig.1d - boom system with three extensions of the boom according to fig.1b;

fige - crane section according to fig. 1a-1c, wherein the position of the center of gravity of the area is indicated;

fig.1f - boom system with one extension of the boom, while showing the location of the supporting elements;

Fig. 1g is an arrow system with one arrow extension, wherein the circular arc-shaped portion in the arrow and arrow extension is approximated using various polygons;

fig. 1h - crane section according to fig. 1a-1c and 1e, the shaded area shown for all examples of execution is the area to which the center of gravity of the area refers;

figure 2 is a second example of an imaginary line contour of the crane section according to the invention;

figure 3 is a third example of an imaginary line contour of the crane section according to the invention;

4 is an arrow system according to fig.1d, in isometric view; and

5 is a car with a crane according to the invention.

It should be noted that all the figures are made in compliance with the scale so that the lengths of individual sections of the contour, as well as the images of the angles are shown in the correct ratio with each other. All angles are given in degrees, so the full angle corresponds to 360 degrees. An acute angle is an angle less than ¼ of the total angle. An obtuse angle is an angle greater than ¼ and less than ½ of the total angle. An angle equal to ¼ of the total angle is called a right angle.

On figa shows a first example of the passage of an imaginary line contour of the crane section in the transverse plane of the crane section. In this case, the transverse plane refers to the plane through which the longitudinal axis of the crane section perpendicularly passes. All crane sections according to the invention have a symmetry axis s located in the transverse plane, with respect to which the contour line of the crane section extends in the transverse plane at least approximately mirror symmetrically. In the case where the crane section, for most or all of its longitudinal extent, has the same cross-sectional shape, this axis of symmetry s represents the direct intersection of the transverse plane with the symmetry plane (median plane) running along the longitudinal axis. In all examples of execution, the contour line intersects the axis of symmetry s at the first and second intersection points S ₁ , S ₂ . Located on the axis of symmetry s at an equal distance from the first and second intersection points S ₁ , S _{2, the} midpoint M represents the position of the half height of the crane section in the transverse plane. Based on the midpoint M in the direction _{of the} intersection point S ₂ , there is a zone of the crane section, which during operation is predominantly loaded under tension. The crane section zone lying between the midpoint M and the first intersection point S _{1 is} loaded during operation essentially under compression.

Shown in figure 1, the passage of the contour line of the crane section has four different from each other plot k ₁ , g ₁ , g ₂ , g ₃ .

Located in the zone of maximum compression load during operation, section k _{1 is} made in the form of a circular arc, since this cross-sectional shape, as is known, has reduced compression stresses and thereby reduces the risk of buckling. It is sufficient when this section has at least approximately the shape of a circular arc, since it can be approximated using a polygon, as shown in FIG. 1b and 1s. The approximation of the circular arc-shaped portion k ₁ using a polygonal line allows for simple fabrication by flanging the metal sheets forming the crane section. However, of course, can be implemented in the form of a circular arc using the rolling process.

The circular arc shaped portion k ₁ may have only approximately the shape of a circular arc, it can be formed, for example, using one or more ellipsoidal sections with a correspondingly small eccentricity. It is also possible to perform a circular arc shaped portion k ₁ by sequentially connecting the corresponding short straight, elliptical and / or circular arc shaped segments.

As shown in FIG. 1, it is particularly preferred that the circular arc-shaped portion k _{1 is} made in the form of a quarter-circle arc component, i.e. passes through an angle of approximately 90 °. Due to this, it is possible to carry out most of the path of the contour line between the first intersection point S ₁ and the midpoint M in the form of a circular-arc shaped portion k ₁ . Particularly preferred is the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, in which the midpoint K of curvature of the circular arc shaped portion k ₁ lies near or on the axis of symmetry s, and the midpoint K of curvature of the circular arc shaped portion k ₁ lies between the first point S ₁ the intersection and the midpoint M. In contrast to that shown in FIG. 1, a circular-arc shaped portion k ₁ can extend to the first intersection point S ₁ . In this case, the entire contour line in the region _{of the} intersection point S ₁ and the midpoint M is also made in the form of a circular-arc shaped portion k ₁ .

However, the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 is particularly preferred, in which a third rectilinear portion g ₂ is adjacent tangentially to the circular arc-shaped portion k ₁ in the direction of the first intersection point S ₁ , which forms an angle γ of less than 90 ° with the axis of symmetry ( in this case, the angle γ is approximately 72 °). This provides a good possibility of welding the crane section, the best clamping ability for welding due to sections converging obliquely with each other, as well as the ability to perform a longitudinal weld without additional edge preparation. In general, technologically reliable execution is provided.

The angle is preferably less than 80 °. Preferably, the angle γ is greater than 70 °.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the midpoint K of curvature of the circular arc-shaped portion k ₁ is located directly on the axis of symmetry s between the midpoint M and the first intersection point S ₁ . In contrast to the shown, the point of curvature K can also be located with some offset relative to the axis of symmetry s. However, it should always be in the area between point M and the first intersection point S ₁ .

To the circular arc-shaped portion k ₁ in the direction of the second intersection point S ₂ tangentially to that shown in FIG. 1a and 1b of the auxiliary circle adjoins the first rectilinear portion g ₁ , which extends for the most part of the passage (shape) of the contour between the midpoint M and the second intersection point S ₂ . Due to this elongated rectilinear execution in the upper zone of the crane section and thereby resulting in narrowing of the cross section, a zone is formed that is better than in the prior art suitable for the perception of tensile forces arising here, as well as supporting forces when the boom is located in the system. The imaginary continuation g1 'of the rectilinear portion g ₁ (see fig. 1b) forms an acute angle β with the axis of symmetry s, which is approximately 18 ° in the shown embodiment. In general, the acute angle β may also lie in the range of greater than 10 °, preferably greater than 15 °. Moreover, the upper boundary is preferably 25 ° to prevent too flat passage of the rectilinear portion g ₁ .

In the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 1, a second rectilinear portion g ₂ , which extends to the axis of symmetry s and intersects it at the second intersection point S _2, is directly adjacent to the first rectilinear portion g ₁ . As shown, in particular, in FIG. 1c, from the point of view of manufacturing technology, it is desirable that the second rectilinear section g ₂ (in contrast to that shown in FIG. 1a) is not connected directly, but through another preferably curved section with the first rectilinear section g ₁ .

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the second rectilinear portion g ₂ forms an angle α that is less than 90 ° with the axis of symmetry s (in the embodiment of FIG. 1, the angle α is approximately 65 °). A particularly preferred range for angle α is less than 70 °. However, the angle α in this embodiment should be greater than 60 °.

In another exemplary embodiment of FIG. 2, the second straight portion forms a right angle with the axis of symmetry s.

The second rectilinear section g ₂ provides the advantage that due to this, in the area around the top of the crane section, a favorable local introduction of forces is possible, which occurs, for example, when supporting slip packets between individual boom extensions. Due to the small length of the shoulder, a favorable ratio is formed between the thickness of the metal sheet and the length of the shoulder, so that the deformation of the crane section in the upper zone is prevented.

However, in principle, it is also possible to perform the passage of the contour in this zone in the form of a second circular arc-shaped portion k ₂ (see FIG. 3). However, this represents only a special embodiment of the general idea, namely, that the contour line ends with rounding on the symmetry axis s. As an alternative to the illustrated embodiment of rounding in the form of a circular arc shaped portion k ₂ , rounding can also be performed, for example, in the form of an edge 7.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the imaginary contour line does not have a circular arc shaped portion k ₁ , but only rectilinear sections g ₁ , g ₂ , g ₃ , g ₄ .

With respect to all embodiments of the crane according to the invention, it should be generally noted that the center of gravity F of the area lies in a limited contour line in the transverse plane of the area in the region between the midpoint M and the first intersection point S ₁ , i.e. lower half the height of the crane section. Due to this, the concentration of the cross section of the crane section is shifted maximally down into the compression zone, due to which a smaller fraction of the compression stress is formed.

As shown in the figures, the contour line in all execution examples has between the first intersection point S ₁ and the second intersection point S ₂ an extreme point (extremum) E with a maximum distance e from the axis of symmetry s. The distance D between the first intersection point S ₁ and the second intersection point S ₂ may be two times greater than the distance e. Preferably, the distance D is at least two and a half times, particularly preferably 2.75 times the distance e The distance D cannot exceed three times the distance e.

It may be provided that the distance d of the contour line from the axis of symmetry s at approximately one quarter of the distance D between the first and second intersection points S ₁ , S ₂ , based on the second intersection point S ₂ , is less than or equal to 0.8 of the maximum distance e.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the extreme point E is between the midpoint M and the first point S_one intersections at about the height of the midpoint K of curvature. In the passage shown in FIG. 1 a, the contour line has only one single extreme point E, i.e. as in the direction of the first point S_one intersection and towards the second point S₂ the intersection decreases the width of the crane section, based on the extreme point E. When approximating a circular arc shaped section k_one using the polygonal curve, as shown in FIG. 1c, all points of the polygonal section with which the circular arc-shaped section k is approximated_oneat the point zone E, have, of course, this is the maximum removal of e.

Based on the auxiliary circle of radius r shown in FIG. 1a, the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 1 has a profile width b of about 2r, a profile height D of about 3r, and an upper profile height above b ₁ of about r. These particularly preferred dimensions can be provided generally in the crane section according to the invention.

FIG. 1 e shows, for the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 1, the position of the center of gravity F of the area between the midpoint M and the first intersection point S ₁ on the axis of symmetry s. In this case, the center of gravity F of the area refers to the area shown shaded in FIG. 1h, i.e. to the entire area that is surrounded by an imaginary contour line (corresponds to the outer contour).

Fig. 1f shows an arrow system 5 with one extension of the arrow, while additionally showing the support of the arrow system 5 through the support member 1, as well as the support of the extension of the arrow in the arrow through the support elements 2. The shown embodiment is, of course, only an example with respect to the number of arrow extensions. The same support elements can be used in boom systems 5 for any number of boom extensions.

In the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 1g, two crane sections are shown, in which case, for example, the boom extension located in the boom is shown. What matters is that the circularly shaped portion k _{1 is} approximated using various polygons. The cross-sectional profile lying inside has less edges in the area of the circular arc-shaped portion, which is particularly preferred from the point of view of manufacturing technology in the case of small profiles.

The manufacture of the crane section according to the invention can be carried out, for example, so that the crane section is formed of two shells, which are made mirror symmetrically relative to each other and wherein one of the shells corresponds to one of the exemplary embodiments. Both shells can be connected to each other in the region of the first intersection point S ₁ and the second intersection point S ₂ , for example, to be welded.

However, it may be particularly preferred that the crane section be fabricated, at least along one portion of its longitudinal extent, from one single metal sheet, which is given a suitable shape and then closed along one single line (for example, welded). This line may extend, for example, in the region of the first intersection point S ₁ or the second intersection point S ₂ .

The shaping of the metal sheets can be carried out in a known manner by bending and / or rolling, as well as welding, for example.

If different wall thicknesses are needed, the outer contour can preferably remain the same, and the thickness of the metal sheets increases inward.

Figure 4 shows as an example the boom system 5 with an extension of the boom located in the boom.

FIG. 5 shows, by way of example, an automobile 3 on which a crane 4 according to the invention is located. The crane 4 has a boom system 5 according to the invention, while individual boom extensions can be telescopically moved relative to each other by means of a shifting cylinder 6. The telescopic movement can naturally also be achieved using other drive means. In the rear zone of the vehicle 3, a loading body not shown may be located.

Claims (30)

1. A crane section for a crane, containing a longitudinal axis and extending in the transverse plane, at least approximately mirror symmetrically with respect to the axis of symmetry (s), an imaginary contour line, while the contour line intersects the axis of symmetry (s) at the first and second points (S ₁ , S ₂ ) of intersection, while the contour line has a straight section (g ₁ ), an imaginary extension (g ₁ ') of which in the direction of the second intersection point (S ₂ ) intersects the axis of symmetry (s) and forms an acute angle with it (β ), and the center (F) of the gravity of the area is limited the first contour line in the transverse plane of the area, is between the first intersection point (S ₁ ) and the symmetry located on the axis (s) at the same distance from the first and second intersection points (S ₁ , S ₂ ) with the midpoint (M), and the crane section consists of at least one metal sheet and the thickness of the metal sheet of all sections of the crane section in the transverse plane is at least essentially the same, and the contour line between the first intersection point (S ₁ ) and the midpoint (M) has, at least partially having at least approximately the shape of the circular arc plot (k ₁ ) and wherein the contour line in the direction of the second intersection point (S ₂ ) narrows at least before the last third distance (D) between the first and second points (S ₁ , S ₂ ) intersections. 2. Section according to claim 1, characterized in that the acute angle (β) is greater than 10 °. 3. The section according to claim 2, characterized in that the acute angle (β) is greater than 15 °. 4. Section according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the acute angle (β) is less than 25 °. 5. Section according to claim 1, characterized in that having a circular arc-shaped portion (k ₁ ) is made in the form of a quarter of a circular arc. 6. Section according to claim 1, characterized in that the midpoint (K) of curvature of the circular arc-shaped portion (k ₁ ) lies near or on the axis of symmetry (s). 7. Section according to any one of claims 1, 5 or 6, characterized in that the midpoint (K) of the curvature of the circular arc-shaped portion (k ₁ ) lies between the first intersection point (S ₁ ) and the midpoint (M). 8. Section according to claim 1, characterized in that a straight section (g ₁ ) is provided, which is made in the form of a tangent extension of a circular-arc-shaped section (k ₁ ). 9. The section according to claim 1, characterized in that the contour line, starting from the second point of intersection (S ₂ ) and passing from the axis of symmetry (s), has a second rectilinear section (g ₂ ). 10. Section according to claim 9, characterized in that the second rectilinear section (g ₂ ) forms a right angle with the axis of symmetry (s). 11. The section according to claim 9, characterized in that the second rectilinear section (g ₂ ) forms an angle (α) with an axis of symmetry (s) of less than 90 °. 12. Section according to any one of paragraphs.9-11, characterized in that the second rectilinear section (g ₂ ) is directly connected to the first rectilinear section (g ₁ ). 13. Section according to claim 9, characterized in that the second rectilinear section (g ₂ ) is connected to the first rectilinear section (g ₁ ) through at least one — preferably curved — another section. 14. The section according to item 13, wherein the contour line between the first intersection point (S ₁ ) and the second intersection point (S ₂ ) has an extreme point (E) with a maximum distance (e) from the axis of symmetry (s). 15. Section according to 14, characterized in that the distance (d) between the first and second points (S ₁ , S ₂ ) of the intersection is at least 2 times the maximum distance (e) of the extreme point (E) from the axis (s) symmetries. 16. The section according to item 13 or 14, characterized in that the distance (d) of the contour line from the axis of symmetry (s) at about one quarter of the distance (D) between the first and second intersection points (S ₁ , S ₂ ), based on the second intersection point (S ₂ ), less than or equal to 0.8 of the maximum removal (e). 17. The section according to 14, characterized in that the extreme point (E) lies between the first intersection point (S ₁ ) and the midpoint (M). 18. Section according to claim 1, characterized in that the third straight section (g ₃ ), which forms with the axis of symmetry (s), is adjacent along the tangent to the circular arc-shaped section (k ₁ ) in the direction of the first intersection point (S ₁ ) angle (γ) less than 90 °. 19. The section according to claim 1, characterized in that the circular arc-shaped portion (k ₁ ) is approximated using a polygon. 20. The section according to claim 1, characterized in that it has at least, over most of its longitudinal extent, the same cross-sectional shape. 21. The section according to claim 1, characterized in that the contraction of the contour line continues to the second intersection point (S ₂ ) and ends in rounding on the axis of symmetry (s). 22. The section according to claim 1, characterized in that it consists of two shells that are made mirror symmetrically relative to each other and preferably in the area of the first intersection point (S ₁ ) and the second intersection point (S ₂ ). 23. The section according to claim 1, characterized in that it consists, at least along one section of its longitudinal extent, of one single metal sheet, which is closed along one single line, which preferably extends in the region of the first intersection point (S ₁ ) or the second intersection point (S ₂ ). 24. The boom system for the crane, characterized in that at least one boom and / or one extension of the boom is made in the form of a crane section according to claim 1. 25. The boom system according to paragraph 24, characterized in that it is provided between one and twenty, preferably between five and ten extensions of the boom. 26. The boom system of claim 24, wherein more than five boom extensions are provided. 27. The boom system according to any one of paragraphs.24-26, characterized in that the shapes of the boom contour lines and the contour lines of all boom extensions, if necessary to the degree of approximation of circular arcs using polygons, are the same. 28. A crane, characterized in that it comprises a crane section according to claim 1 or a boom system (5) according to claim 24. 29. The crane according to p. 28, characterized in that it is a loading crane. 30. A car (3) with a crane (4) according to claim 28.

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