RU2496760C1 - Emulsion explosive composition for blasting work with blast-hole charges - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to explosive compositions used for blasting work in shallow pits which are not gas- or dust-hazardous, using blast-hole charges with direct or inverse initiation. The emulsion composition contains an aqueous solution of ammonium nitrate and sodium nitrate or calcium nitrate as an oxidative phase, a hydrocarbon phase in form of industrial oil or diesel fuel in a mixture with an emulsifier for industrial emulsion explosives in a mixture with tall or oleoresin pine rosin, carbamide, added in form of an aqueous solution with sodium nitrate or calcium nitrate and as a sensitising agent - aqueous sodium nitrite solution coupled with glass microspheres. Components for increasing explosive performance and controlling oxygen balance, for example dispersed aluminium, can also be added.

EFFECT: emulsion explosive composition with improved explosive characteristics and physical stability during prolonged storage.

2 cl

Description

The invention relates to the field of explosive compositions used for blasting in underground mine workings, non-hazardous in gas or dust by the method of blast holes.

There are a number of emulsion explosives (EVEs) used for blasting with bore charges on the earth's surface (for example, RF application for invention No. 99113834/02, class C06B 31/28, filed July 1, 1999, published in 2001 B. No. 14).

A common recipe feature of such compositions is the presence of a dispersion of an aqueous solution of oxidizing agents mixed with hydrocarbon fuel and an emulsifier in the presence of mechanical explosive sensitizers (glass, polystyrene, phenol-formaldehyde microspheres, aluminosilicate microspheres from waste from thermal power plants, foamed perlite sand) or chemical (aqueous sodium nitrite) formaldehyde sodium nitrite solution).

There is no evidence of the presence of emulsion explosive compositions specially designed for blasting with hole charges in underground mine workings that are not hazardous in gas or dust.

Closest to the claimed emulsion explosive composition by the type of components used is the composition (RF patent for the invention No. 2123488, filed 01.02.1994, published 20.12.1998), in which the mass fraction of the components has a ratio (mass.,%,) :

sodium nitrate - 5.0 ÷ 15.0;

or calcium nitrate - 5.0 ÷ 25.0;

and / or ammonium chloride - 5.0 ÷ 15.0;

or methylamine nitrate - 5.0 ÷ 15.0;

or ethylenediamine dinitrate - 5.0 ÷ 30.0;

or sodium perchlorate - 5.0 ÷ 25.0;

water - 5.0 ÷ 25.0;

industrial oil - 2.0 ÷ 7.0;

petrolatum - 0.5 ÷ 4.0;

paraffin 1.0 ÷ 2.0;

or bitumen - 0.5 ÷ 2.5;

condensation product of a polyolefin with maleic anhydrite and alkanomilamip or polyol, or a mixture of these products with fatty acid esters of the C ₁₇ -C ₂₅ fraction, or tall oil fatty acid esters with glycerin or polyglycerol, or pentaerythritol - 1.0 ÷ 3.0;

sodium nitrite - 0.2 ÷ 5.0;

or a mixture of a solution of sodium nitrite with formalin (3: 1) - 0.005 ÷ 5.0;

or glass microspheres - 2.0 ÷ 6.0;

or phenol-formaldehyde microspheres - 3.0 ÷ 7.0;

or polystyrene microspheres - 3.0 ÷ 6.0;

or microspheres from waste from CHP - 4.0 ÷ 10.0;

or perlite - 2.0 ÷ 6.0;

ammonium nitrate - the rest is up to 100.

In addition, the explosive composition may contain energy additives in an amount of from 3.0 to 15.0%.

Even a surface analysis of this emulsion explosive composition shows the presence of highly toxic fire hazardous individual explosives that are sensitive to mechanical influences - impact and friction, as well as sensitive to elevated temperatures, spark discharges, and an open flame (ammonium chloride, methylamine nitrate, ethylene diamine dinitrate, sodium perchloric acid).

In addition, in the analyzed emulsion explosive composition there are a lot of thickening agents such as petrolatum and paraffin (or bitumen) that reduce the explosive characteristics of explosives - sensitivity to the explosive pulse of the primary means of initiation, detonation speed, detonation transmission pa the distance between two cartridges due to an increase in the critical diameter of the emulsion explosives.

The use of sensitization of cartridge emulsion explosive compositions designed to form hole charges using phenol-formaldehyde or polystyrene microspheres, and even more so microspheres from waste from thermal power plants or foamed perlite sand, is unacceptable, since they sharply increase the critical diameter of detonation, destroy microdroplets of emulsion due to abrasive which is accompanied by recrystallization of the oxidant solution from the destroyed microdrops of the emulsion matrix up to the full Otero detonation properties of the emulsion explosive charge.

The technical result of the present invention is the creation of an emulsion explosive composition for blasting with hole charges in underground mine workings that are not hazardous in gas or dust by increasing the explosive characteristics and physical stability of emulsion explosives during long-term storage.

An emulsion explosive composition for blasting with blast charges is proposed, including water, ammonium nitrate and sodium nitrate or calcium nitrate as the oxidizing phase, the hydrocarbon phase in the form of industrial oil or diesel fuel mixed with an emulsifier for industrial emulsion explosives.

The difference is that the composition contains urea, introduced in the form of an aqueous solution together with ammonium nitrate and sodium nitrate or calcium nitrate, an emulsifier can be mixed with tall oil rosin or pine gum rosin, and an aqueous nitrite solution is used as a sensitizer in the composition sodium in combination with glass microspheres, and the components are taken in the following ratio (wt.%):

sodium nitrate or calcium nitrate, respectively - 15.0 ÷ 25.0 or 5.0 ÷ 25.0;

industrial oil or diesel fuel - 2.0 ÷ 7.0;

water - 2.0 ÷ 25.0;

urea - 0.005 ÷ 15.0;

emulsifier for industrial explosives - 0.5 ÷ 5.0;

tall rosin or pine gum rosin with any component ratio - 0.5 ÷ 10.0;

an aqueous solution of sodium nitrite - 0.2 ÷ 5.5;

glass microspheres - 1.0 ÷ 7.0;

ammonium nitrate (ammonium nitrate) in granular, granular porous, granular crushed or powder state, or in aqueous solution - the rest is up to 100, and the normalized density of emulsion explosive should be in the range of 1.00 ÷ 1.15 g / cm ³ .

The difference is also that in order to increase the explosion parameters, an emulsion explosive may contain energy additives (for example, dispersed aluminum, aluminum powder, ferrosilicates, ferroaluminosilicates) used in powder form with a particle size in the micron range (300 ÷ 400 microns) in an amount of 3 , 0 to 15.0%, and to adjust the oxygen balance, ammonium nitrate was used in a granular, crushed, or powder state or in the form of highly concentrated aqueous solutions, which is also an energy supplement.

The proposed emulsion explosive is intended for blasting on the earth's surface and in the face of underground workings of mines and mines that are not hazardous in gas or dust by the method of blasting charges - with single cartridges or in the form of a single charge (stacked between two or more cartridges) with direct or reverse initiation blast hole charge.

An example of the use of the invention is explained below.

Sodium nitrate or calcium nitrate is introduced into a pre-prepared aqueous urea solution.

The effect of the invention is achieved by the equilibrium eutectic ratio of the components in the oxidizing phase and its emulsification in the oil phase containing industrial oil or diesel fuel mixed with an emulsifier for industrial emulsion explosives in pure form or mixed with the indicated rosin grades in the temperature range from 65 to 130 ° C, allowing to reduce the mass fraction of water in the manufactured emulsion matrix and to introduce abrasive materials — glass microspheres, powdered energy additives (dispersible anny aluminum or aluminum powder or ferrosilicate or ferroalyumosilikaty) and ammonium nitrate in granular or porous granulated or crushed into granular or powder form, or in the form of highly concentrated aqueous solution.

Emulsifier brands for industrial explosives are allowed manufactured by the Russian industry and their foreign analogues:

TU 7511903-589-92. Polyglycerol tall emulsifier for industrial explosives. Technical conditions;

TU 7511903-631-93. Polymer emulsifier brand "REM". Technical conditions;

TU 84-08628424-806-2004. Polymeric emulsifying composition. Technical conditions;

TU 2484-095-07511608-2012. Emulsifier for emulsion industrial substances. Technical conditions;

TU 38.4011014-94. Emulsifier BC-1. Technical conditions;

Emulsifiers of the Lubrisol trademark with quality indicators not lower than specified.

The emulsion explosives are sensitized either chemically with the addition of sodium nitrite solution, mechanically by the addition of glass microspheres, or by the methods listed above to achieve a normalized emulsion explosive density of 1.00 ÷ 1.15 g / cm ³ .

An emulsion explosive possesses high explosive indicators: sensitivity to standard primary means of initiation, small critical diameter, sufficient detonation transmission over distance, heat of explosion and high physical stability (can be stored for more than 12 months).

Claims (2)

1. Emulsion explosive composition for blasting with blast holes, including water, ammonium nitrate and sodium nitrate or calcium nitrate as the oxidizing phase, the hydrocarbon phase in the form of industrial oil or diesel fuel mixed with an emulsifier for industrial emulsion explosives, characterized in that it contains urea, introduced in the form of an aqueous solution with sodium nitrate or calcium nitrate, an emulsifier in a mixture with tall rosin or pine gum rosin, and as a sensitizer RA composition contains an aqueous solution of sodium nitrite in combination with glass microspheres, and the components are taken in the following ratio, wt.%:
sodium nitrate or calcium nitrate, respectively 15.0-25.0 or 5.0-25.0 industrial oil or diesel fuel 2.0-7.0 water 2.0-25.0 urea 0.005-15.0 emulsifier for industrial explosives 0.5-5.0 tall rosin or pine gum rosin 0.5-10.0 aqueous solution of sodium nitrite 0.2-5.5 glass microspheres 1.0-7.0 granular ammonium nitrate, granular porous granular crushed or powdered condition, or in aqueous solution the rest is up to 100
moreover, the normalized density of the emulsion explosive is equal to 1.00-1.15 g / cm ³ . 2. The emulsion explosive composition according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains energy additives in liquid or powder form with a particle size in the micron range in an amount of from 3.0 to 15.0%.