RU2496091C1 - Method of extracting fuses from small arms cartridge cases - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons and ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: proposed method consists in filling cartridge case inner chamber with working fluid and creating overpressure therein to extract initiating charge along with fuse case. To mallow creation of flexible automated demil systems overpressure inside cartridge case is created by producing impulse electric discharge or series of discharges in said fluid or at its surface at frequency equal or approximating to that of "case-fuse" system.

EFFECT: higher process efficiency.

2 cl, 9 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of disposal of ammunition, in particular to a technology for the disarmament of weapon cartridges of small arms.

In accordance with current trends, based on economic and environmental considerations, it is preferable not to destroy the cartridges to be disposed of, for example by burning, but disassemble with preservation of the most intact components, such as bullets, cartridges, powder charges, igniter capsules, which will allow use them both for re-equipment, and for other national economic needs.

An important task in this approach to the disposal of small arms cartridges is the dismantling of the "sleeve-capsule" system, i.e. the removal of unfired igniter caps from shells, freed from bullets and gunpowder.

A known method of extracting the shot capsules from the cartridges of hunting and sports cartridges / 1 /, including the operation of placing the cartridge first into a sleeve calibrated by the hole, then together with the cartridge - into a thick-walled glass matrix with an opening in the bottom, centering the cartridge shell by means of an additional cartridge in the tube with a hole equal to the inner diameter of the barrel, fixing the stopper on the neck of the glass, filling the sleeve cavity with liquid, introducing the stopper into the sleeve through the hole until it comes into contact with the shock fluid rushnya, and, finally, obtaining in the cavity of the liner increased pressure by hitting the piston head.

The pressure pulse in the liquid acts through the firing holes in the bottom of the sleeve on the capsule, the capsule is removed.

The main disadvantage of this method is the complexity of mechanization and automation of the process, if necessary, unloading a large number of cartridges.

Closest to the proposed invention in technical essence and the achieved result is a method for the simultaneous extraction of initiating explosives and capsule bodies from cartridges of small arms cartridges undergoing industrial disposal / 2 /. In accordance with this method, the inner cavity of the sleeve is filled with water, in which an increased pressure is created sufficient to extract the initiating explosive together with the capsule body. Increased water pressure in the cavity of the sleeve is created by introducing into this cavity through the barrel of the sleeve of a cylindrical piston adjacent its outer surface to the inner surface of the sleeve of the sleeve.

This method, in accordance with its description, is quite easily mechanized and automated, however, it is not without separate drawbacks:

1) It is necessary to maximize the filling of the liner cavity with working fluid up to the dulce, which entails a large consumption of it.

2) To supply the piston into the cavity of the sleeve, it is necessary to ensure strict alignment of the piston and the dule.

3) The implementation of the method requires the fit of the outer surface of the piston to the inner surface of the barrel of the sleeve, which is not always feasible, because in the preliminary process of extracting a bullet from the cartridge, the cylindricality of the barrel can be impaired. And this before applying the method will require restoration of the dulce, i.e. additional labor costs.

4) In the case of switching to shells of a different caliber, a rather laborious changeover of equipment will be required - it will be necessary to replace the pistons, as well as the magnitude of their working stroke.

The technical task of the invention is the elimination of the above disadvantages of the analogue method for creating a flexible automated cartridge unloading system.

The solution to this problem is achieved by the fact that in the known method for extracting capsules from cartridges of shooting cartridges, including the operation of filling the inner cavity of the cartridge with a working fluid, and the subsequent creation of an increased pressure therein sufficient to extract the initiating explosive together with the capsule body, in accordance with the invention, increased pressure in the cavity of the sleeve is created by the implementation in the liquid or on its surface of a pulsed electrical discharge.

During electric breakdown of a liquid, a high pressure zone arises around the discharge channel, the diameter of which is proportional to the pulse power. As you move away from the discharge, high hydraulic pressure decreases approximately in proportion to the square of the distance from the discharge channel.

Therefore, for the implementation of the proposed method, the working fluid will need to fill only the bottom part of the cavity of the sleeve, which will significantly reduce both its flow rate and the time to complete this operation.

The liquid, having received acceleration from the discharge channel expanding with a high speed, moves from it in all directions, forming a cavitation cavity at the place of the discharge, and causes a primary hydraulic shock. Then the cavitation cavity also collapses at high speed, creating a second (cavitation) hydraulic shock.

When performing a discharge on a liquid surface, a high pressure zone arises in the zone of contact of the discharge streamer with the liquid surface and the cavitation effect will be manifested to a lesser extent. In this case, water hammer will be directed from the surface into the interior of the liquid.

Thus, the electric energy of the discharge in the liquid or on its surface can be converted into the mechanical energy necessary for removing the capsule from the socket in the bottom of the sleeve, and directly, without intermediate mechanical links and with high efficiency.

The described discharge more easily occurs in dielectric liquids, and in liquids with ionic conductivity occurs over a short length of the discharge (spark) gap and is accompanied by abundant gas and vapor formation. The mechanical effect on objects placed near the discharge channel for liquids with ionic conductivity is less than in a medium of liquid dielectrics. Therefore, along with water, as described in the prototype invention, dielectric fluids such as hydrocarbons and their mixtures (for example, kerosene), halogenated hydrocarbons (perfluorohexane), etc. can be used as a working fluid.

When using hydrocarbons as the working fluid, the discharge process carried out under the fluid layer is fireproof, because there will be no oxygen in the discharge cavity.

An electric discharge can be carried out in the discharge gap of a bipolar electrode supplied to the bottom region of the sleeve cavity under a layer of working fluid. In this case, the transverse dimensions of the electrode can be significantly smaller than the caliber of the barrel, so there is no need for its strict axial positioning relative to the hole of the barrel.

A bipolar electrode may contain at least one conductor in the form of a tube, or it may be made in the form of two mutually isolated coaxial tubes, the inner of which serves to supply the working fluid to the sleeve cavity, while the thickness of the interelectrode insulation is selected according to the size of the discharge gap in the working fluid.

You can also use a single-pole electrode, and as the second - the inner bottom of the sleeve. In this case, to ensure the safety of the process, the discharge should be carried out outside the firing holes, for example, near the wall of the sleeve. To accelerate the process, it is also advisable to make the electrode tubular, filling the sleeve cavity with the working fluid through the tube opening.

The high voltage required to discharge in the liquid can be obtained both using traditional capacitor circuits used in industry, and using, for example, a common automotive ignition system.

The invention is illustrated by the following graphic information.

Figure 1 shows the mechanism of the process of electric discharge in a liquid, figure 2 - on the surface of the liquid.

Figure 3-5 - design options for a bipolar electrode.

Figure 6 is an embodiment of a tubular single-pole electrode.

7 and 8 are schematic diagrams of producing a high voltage for a discharge in a liquid.

Figure 9 is an example of a process for implementing the method.

An electric discharge in a liquid is carried out as follows (Fig. 1): bipolar electrodes 2 and 3 are immersed in a liquid 1, separated by a discharge gap (gap) d. When a sufficient potential difference is applied to the electrodes, a breakdown of the discharge gap occurs with the formation of a streamer (spark) 4, near which a cavitation cavity of high pressure 5 is formed.

In an electric discharge on the liquid surface, schematically shown in FIG. 2, bipolar electrodes 2 and 3, separated by a discharge gap (gap) d, touch the liquid surface 1. When a sufficient potential difference is applied to the electrodes, breakdown of the discharge gap with the formation of a streamer (spark) 4 carried out on the surface layer of liquid. The cavitation cavity of high pressure 5 in this case extends from the surface into the liquid. In both figures, the arrows show the conditional direction of the propagation front of the high-pressure region from the discharge.

Figure 3 shows an embodiment of the working part of the discharge bipolar electrode. The electrode contains linear conductors 2 and 3, protected from the environment by an insulation layer 6. The conductors are separated from each other by an insulation layer 7, the thickness of which d is selected according to the size of the discharge gap in the working fluid.

The working part of the discharge bipolar electrode shown in figure 4 also contains conductors 2 and 3, protected from the environment by an insulation layer 6. The conductor 2 is linear, and the conductor 3 is made in the form of a tube. The thickness d of the insulation layer 7 between the conductors is also determined by the size of the discharge gap in the working fluid.

The discharge bipolar electrode shown in FIG. 5 is made in the form of two coaxial tubular conductors 2 and 3. The outer conductor is coated with an insulation layer 6, between the tubes there is an insulation layer 7 of thickness d.

Figure 6 shows a single-pole electrode. Here the tube - conductor 2 is covered with an insulation layer 6. The hole of the tube serves to fill the sleeve cavity with a working fluid.

7 shows a circuit diagram for obtaining a discharge in a liquid containing a forming gap. The circuit contains a power source based on a high-voltage transformer Tr with a charging resistance R in the primary winding, a rectifier V, a working capacitance — a capacitor C, and a spark gap forming a phase transition. The voltage across the capacitor C rises to the value at which the breakdown of the AF forming air gap occurs. All the energy stored in the capacitor through the conductors of the spark gap 2 and 3 instantly enters the discharge gap d in the liquid 1, where it is released in the form of a short electric pulse 4 of high power. Then the process is repeated with a frequency depending on a given capacitance C and voltage on the secondary winding of the transformer.

On Fig depicts a circuit diagram for obtaining a discharge in a liquid based on an automotive ignition system.

With the closed contacts of the switch and chopper, the low-voltage current from the battery flows through the primary winding of the ignition coil. The distributor is driven by an independent drive (not shown in the diagram). When the breaker contacts are mechanically connected to the distributor, a high voltage current is induced in the secondary winding of the ignition coil. Through high-voltage wires, high-voltage current is supplied to the distributor cover, from which it is distributed through the corresponding spark plugs. The discharge process in the liquid will be carried out synchronously with the rotational speed of the distributor contact-slider. If the electrodes of individual candles are short-circuited (there is no air interelectrode gap), the discharge will be carried out without overcoming the forming gap directly in the liquid. If there is a gap between the electrodes of the candles, it will play the role of a forming gap, in this case, for the corresponding energy storage, the capacitor C can be additionally included in the circuit.

Due to the fact that the circuits shown in Figs. 7 and 8 are easily adjustable, it is possible to extract the capsule not by a single discharge of sufficient power, but by conducting a series of “low-power” discharges in the working fluid in a short period of time, with a frequency equal to or close to the resonant for the system "sleeve-capsule", which will contribute to the rapid extraction of the capsule, while reducing the current load on the circuit elements.

Figure 9 presents an example of a process for implementing the method. The sequence of operations and interoperational transitions is given by arrows from left to right.

The sleeve 8 with the igniter caps 9 pressed into its bottom part is fixed on the movable base of the multi-position feeding device 10 (conveyor, conveyor, rotary automaton, etc.) having an opening for subsequent passage of the capsule, and is fed to a predetermined position to fill the bottom cavity working fluid 1. An electrode-discharger with conductors 2 and 3 is introduced into the bottom region of the liner cavity with a high-voltage voltage applied to the conductors of the spark gap, providing breakdown of the 4 discharge gap simultaneously th formation of the cavitation cavity 5. The discharge in the hydraulic fluid causes pass, under the action of which the cap is removed from the sleeve and falls into the tank with hydraulic fluid (for simplicity not shown).

To confirm the operability of the method, an experiment was carried out using the ignition system of a VA3-2104 automobile and fired cartridge cases of 7.62 caliber automatic cartridges for AK-47. That is, in comparison with the above, in more severe conditions, because the cap of the shot capsule is expanded by the products of the shot. When the engine was started, one of the high-voltage wires from the distributor cover was used to discharge in the bottom region of the liner cavity. Distilled water and kerosene were used as working fluids. At an engine speed of about 1000 rpm, the average time for removing the capsule was about 1 ... 2 seconds.

Thus, the proposed method is quite simple to implement and can be used to create flexible automated systems for the dismantling of small arms cartridges.

Sources of information taken into account when describing the application

1. The patent of Germany No. 3428296, F42B 33/04, 1986

2. RF patent No. 2422762, F42B 33/04, 2007 (prototype)

Claims (2)

1. A method of extracting capsules from cartridges of rifle cartridges, comprising the steps of filling the inner cavity of the cartridge with a working fluid and then creating an increased pressure therein sufficient to extract the initiating explosive together with the capsule body, characterized in that the increased pressure in the cartridge cavity is created by liquid or on its surface of a pulsed electric discharge, moreover, the discharge is carried out in the discharge gap of a bipolar electrode or bipolar electron of the kind containing at least one conductor in the form of a tube, which serves to supply the working fluid to the cavity of the sleeve, or in the discharge gap formed by a unipolar electrode and the bottom of the sleeve, a single pulse, or as a series of discharges with a frequency equal to or close to the resonant , for the "sleeve-capsule" system. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that as the working fluid use water or a dielectric fluid, for example liquid hydrocarbons or mixtures thereof, halogenated hydrocarbons.

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