RU2495364C1 - Composition material for traumatic missiles of firearms - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons and ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: composition material for traumatic missiles of firearms is produced by vulcanisation of a rubber mix based on a binder from rubber or a mix of rubbers, a vulcanising agent, a powdered metal weighing material, an inorganic filler and a plasticiser. The inorganic filler is a mixture of two substances with a different size of particles, namely: a filler of the group A with particle size of 0.01-0.08 mcm and a filler of the group B with particle size of 0.1-25 mcm, at the same time the filler of the group A is technical carbon or a colloid silicic acid, and the filler of the group B is a substance or a mixture of substances from the group of oxides, sulfides or salts of heavy metals with density of 4-10 g/cm³, at the following ratio of components in the initial rubber mix, wt parts: rubber or rubber mix - 100.0; group A filler - 15.0-70.0; group B filler - 50.0-200.0; powdered metal weighing agent - 17.0-350.0; plasticiser - 2.0-25.0; vulcanising agent - 2.0-13.0.

EFFECT: improved ballistic properties of rubber bullets or improved technology of a process of manufacturing of weighted rubber bullets.

2 cl, 1 tbl, 10 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of traumatic firearms of self-defense, and in particular to composite material for the manufacture of projectile shells (bullets) intended for non-fatal mechanical destruction (neutralization) of aggressive or hostile individuals.

Known non-killing projectile for firearms [RF Patent No. 2230285, IPC F42B 12/72, F42B5 / 03], consisting of a soft and elastic composite material made of an organic polymer matrix and a powdered metal charge dispersed in it, with Shore hardness the composite material is from 2 to 30, the density of the composite material is from 1.0 to 2.9, the density of the powdered metal charge is from 4 to 22, and the organic polymer matrix is a pop RIVER-crosslinked polybutadiene comprising polybutadiene chains interconnected by bridges, the number-average molecular weight of the polybutadiene chains ranging from 500 to 10,000.

The disadvantages of this missile projectile include: poor accuracy due to the large value of "rebound elasticity"; insufficient strength due to the lack of reinforcing fillers (the bullet is destroyed when passing through obstacles in the barrel (through the "pins")); very low productivity of the manufacture of projectile shells, as the manufacturing process (the process of "stitching") is slow (several hours).

Known composite material for traumatic projectile projectiles of firearms [RF Patent No. 2404405, IPC F42B 12/72, F42B 5/30, C06B 27/00] containing an organic polymer matrix of rubber and vulcanizer and a powdered metal weighting agent dispersed in the matrix, with Moreover, it contains polyunsaturated rubber with double carbon-carbon bonds as rubber, technical sulfur as a vulcanizer, and it contains an hourly sized metal powder as a powdered metal weighting agent eggs from 10 to 500 microns, selected from the group consisting of refractory metals, inert to sulfur at vulcanization polyunsaturated rubber consisting of tungsten, molybdenum, tantalum, zirconium, with the following component ratio, mass parts .:

polyunsaturated rubber 100.0 technical sulfur 0.4-2.5 powdered metal weighting agent 20-360.0,

or from the group of non-refractory heavy metals, including tin, copper, lead, bismuth, and their alloys, in the following ratio of components, parts by weight:

polyunsaturated rubber 100.0 technical sulfur 3.0-60.0 powdered metal weighting agent 20-360.0

Disadvantages: poor accuracy due to the large "rebound elasticity", with a small change in the particle size distribution of non-ferrous metal powder, the physical and mechanical properties of rubber deteriorate (due to insufficient or excessive cross-linking of rubber molecules). When using powders of refractory metals, the cost of rubber bullets increases sharply due to the high cost of refractory metals.

As a prototype, a composite material for traumatic projectile projectiles of firearms was selected [RF Patent No. 2444694, IPC F42B 5/02, F42B 5/03, F42B 12/72, F42B 12/74, F42B 30/02, C06B 27/00], obtained by vulcanization of a rubber mixture based on rubber, a vulcanizer and a powdered iron weighting agent, which as a powdered iron weighting agent contains iron powder with a particle size of from 5 to 300 microns, in an amount of from 17 to 350 wt.h. per 100 parts by weight rubber, in addition, reinforcing inorganic filler in an amount of from 20 to 200 parts by weight is introduced into the material. per 100 parts by weight rubber in the following ratio of components in the original rubber mixture, parts by weight:

rubber 100.0 vulcanizer 1,5-15,0 powdered iron weighting agent 17.0-350.0 reinforcing filler 20.0-200.0

The use of a plasticizer (~ 3-62 parts by weight) is also known from this patent. The disadvantages of the prototype include mediocre accuracy in shooting.

Object of the invention: improving the ballistic properties of rubber bullets and improving the technology of the manufacturing process of weighted rubber bullets.

The essence of the invention.

A projectile (rubber bullet) is obtained by vulcanizing a rubber compound based on:

- a binder (rubber or mixture of rubbers);

- reinforcing filler (group A filler) with a particle size of 0.01-0.08 microns (10-80 nm);

- a filler that improves ballistics (group B filler) with a particle size of 0.1-25 microns (100-25000 nm);

- powdered metal weighting agent;

- plasticizer;

- a vulcanizing agent (vulcanizing group consisting of: a vulcanizing agent, a vulcanization accelerator, a vulcanization activator, a vulcanization inhibitor).

A component of the initial (unvulcanized) rubber mixture - a binder - consists of one or a mixture of several types of rubbers; optimally - from a mixture of two types of rubber. As rubbers, the most common (multi-tonnage) rubbers can be used: isoprene, butadiene-styrene, butadiene-nitrile, butadiene, chloroprene, ethylene-propylene, chlorosulfopolyethylene, butyl rubber, as well as natural rubber.

Note. Further in the text, when describing the composition of the mixture of two (three) rubbers, mass% will be used (for example: chloroprene rubber - 68%, SKD rubber - 32%). When describing the composition of rubber compounds and vulcanizates (rubber), the composition recording form generally accepted for rubber technology will be used - the number of mass parts of each component of the mixture per 100 mass parts of rubber (rubber mixture).

Ballistic properties depend, first of all, on the value of “rebound elasticity” (see, for example, the description of a utility model for RF patent No. 96942). In this utility model, rebound elasticity (and, consequently, ballistic properties) is achieved by using a limited number of special, usually expensive rubbers that poorly absorb weighting fillers, and the resulting rubber compounds do not have the necessary set of properties necessary for a productive technological the process

In this invention, the rebound elasticity is controlled (reduced), mainly due to a set of fillers.

In the rubber industry, “reinforcing fillers” are widely used, i.e. fillers that increase the strength properties of rubber: tensile strength, tear strength. Moreover, reinforcing fillers used do not significantly affect the rebound elasticity, since for most rubber applications, but not for the manufacture of traumatic projectile projectiles, this value, characterizing the elastic elastic properties, should be as high as possible. The following are widely used as reinforcing fillers in the rubber industry: carbon black (carbon black), less commonly colloidal silicic acid (white carbon black), aerosil, and finely dispersed aluminum oxide with a particle size of 0.01-0.08 μm (10-80 nm). Some other substances with a specified particle size may also be used, but due to the lack of competitive technologies, they are not commercially available. In this case, the particle size plays the greatest role to ensure the amplification effect. In general, a smaller particle size leads to a larger gain effect.

Various fillers of heavy metals in the form of powders with a particle size in the range of 0.1-25 microns can be used as fillers that reduce the "rebound elasticity" and, at the same time, do not reduce the strength of the elastic projectile.

The two types of fillers described above can be divided into two groups: groups A and B. Group A - known, widely used fillers with a particle size of 0.01-0.08 microns (10-80 nm), which have a predominantly enhancing effect (amplifiers rubber strength). Group B: substances with a particle size of 0.1-25 microns (100-25000 nm), having, mainly, the effect of reducing rebound elasticity. These include oxides, sulfides, sulfates, chromates of a number of heavy metals, in particular: iron oxides (iron oxide, magnetite), lead oxides (lead oxide, litharge), zinc oxide, titanium oxide, chromium (III) oxide, iron sulfides, nickel, lead, copper, zinc bismuth, barium and lead sulfates, chromates of zinc and lead, as well as various combinations of the given chemical compounds, in the form of powders with a particle size of 0.1-25 microns.

As a rule, to achieve the desired effect of reducing elasticity, it is not required to use mixtures of the above heavy metal compounds. However, in some cases, it is convenient to use commercial pigments for paints, such as lithopone (a mixture of barium sulfate and zinc sulfide with a particle size of 0.4-0.8 microns) or lemon lemon (a mixture of chromate and lead sulfate with a particle size of 0.2-1.0 microns), as well as chromium oxide (green pigment), iron and lead red lead (orange-red pigments), zinc white, titanium oxide, yellow crown, black iron oxide pigment.

In addition, the fillers of group B have a density of from 4 to 10 g / cm ³ and therefore are simultaneously weighting fillers.

Chalk powder, for example, often used in the rubber industry as a filler, which reduces the cost of rubber, does not belong to this group of fillers, since it does not belong to heavy metal derivatives, has a density of less than 4 g / cm ³ and significantly reduces the strength of the rubber filled with it . It does not have particle size requirements; No information was found on how much it reduces the elasticity of the rebound.

To ensure a combination of strength and ballistic properties of rubber bullets, a combination of fillers of group A and group B is necessary.

The ballistic properties of rubber bullets, primarily accuracy, depend on the mass of the bullet, and most of all, on the rate of relaxation of the rubber, which is estimated by the amount of elasticity from the rebound of vulcanized rubber. The lower the rebound elasticity, the slower the relaxation (restoration of the original shape) of the vulcanized rubber, the higher the accuracy when firing from traumatic weapons. The reason is the rapid attenuation of transverse elastic vibrations due to "hysteresis losses" during the passage of a rubber bullet inside the barrel of a traumatic weapon (this is described in more detail, for example, in patent No. 96942).

The main quantitative indicator of improving the accuracy of fire (from any one type of traumatic firearm) is the magnitude of the decrease in elasticity on the rebound of the vulcanizate (rubber). So, for example, when the same amount of different fillers is introduced into a standard rubber mixture based on a mixture of isoprene (SKI) and butadiene (SKD) rubbers, the resulting vulcanizates have the following rebound elasticities:

Vulcanizate Bounce Elasticity,% unfilled vulcanizate SKI + SKD (70:30) 60-65 the same + 70 including those. Carbon P-245 (0.015-0.025 μm) 52-57 (Less by 8 units.) the same + 70 including nickel sulfide NiS (0.5-20 μm) 25-30 (Less by 35 units.) the same + 70 including iron powder (20-70 microns) 55-60 (Less than 5 units)

It should be noted that, in contrast to the fillers of group B, the use of reinforcing fillers of group A in an amount greater than 30-40 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight rubber (rubber mixture) leads to a significant increase in the viscosity of rubber compounds, which greatly complicates the process, and the resulting vulcanizates (finished products) have a very high hardness and low elongation at break. The optimum amount of such excipients of group A known from the literature is 30-50 parts by weight. per 100 parts by weight rubber (mixture of rubbers).

The main component that increases the density of the rubber compound and, accordingly, the finished rubber bullets is a metal powder with a particle size of 10-200 microns, which, unlike the fillers of groups A and B, practically does not increase the Shore hardness of the vulcanizate and has little effect on rebound elasticity . As a metal weighting compound, the rubber mixture contains iron or non-ferrous metal powder: copper, zinc, bismuth, tin, lead, as well as copper alloys with zinc (brass) or tin (bronze).

When using non-ferrous metals in rubber mixtures, it is preferable to use not sulfur, but organic peroxides as a vulcanizer. Desirably in combination with triallyl isocyanurate (TAIC). Since non-ferrous metal powders partially react with sulfur during the vulcanization process, when carrying out vulcanization using a large excess of sulfur, described in RF patent No. 2404405 (analogue), unstable results are obtained, because with a small change in the particle size distribution of the non-ferrous metal powder, the physical and mechanical properties of the composite material deteriorate (due to insufficient or excessive cross-linking of rubber molecules).

The limits of the used components of the initial rubber compound are due to several reasons.

When the content of the reinforcing filler (group A filler) is less than 15 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight rubber (mixture of rubbers) there is an insufficient effect of strengthening the strength of the vulcanizate.

When the content of the reinforcing filler (group A filler) is more than 70 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight rubber (mixture of rubbers) there is no further increase in the strength of the vulcanizate, there is a significant increase in the hardness of the projectile. In addition, a larger amount of Group A filler complicates the introduction of Group B filler into the rubber composition, which is introduced into the rubber composition after Group A filler.

The minimum particle size of Group A fillers is below 0.01 μm (10 nm) in practice is difficult to achieve, therefore, such fillers are not available in industry. With an increase in particle size above 0.08 μm (80 nm), an insufficient (relatively weak) amplification effect is observed.

When the content in the original rubber mixture of the filler of group B is less than 50 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight rubber (mixture of rubbers) the effect of improving ballistics becomes insufficient.

When the content of the filler of group B is more than 200 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight rubber (mixture of rubbers) there is an excess of permissible hardness of a missile; there are technological difficulties in introducing a larger amount of filler into the original rubber mixture.

With a decrease in the minimum particle size of group B fillers below 0.1 μm, as well as an increase in the maximum value over 25 μm, there is an insufficient (weakened) effect of a decrease in rebound elasticity (and, consequently, an improvement in ballistics) of the resulting projectile shells.

When the content of the powdered metal weighting agent is less than 17 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight rubber (mixture of rubbers), the effect of weighting is insufficient; with an increase of over 350 parts by weight destruction of the projectile may occur due to a decrease in its strength. With a decrease in the minimum size of metal particles below 10 μm, its oxidation accelerates, which in some cases (iron, nickel, zinc) can sometimes go into spontaneous combustion of metal powders when working with them. With an increase in the particle size of more than 200 microns, they can cause significant damage to the object, coming off the surface of a projectile fired for self-defense. In addition, large particles make it very difficult to process the initial mixture by extrusion (extrusion).

When the content of the plasticizer in the original rubber mixture is less than 2 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight rubber (mixture of rubbers) the effect of plasticization of the obtained composite material is hardly noticeable; with a content of over 25 parts by weight noticeably reduced material strength.

The content of the components of the vulcanizing group in the rubber mixture (from 2 to 13 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of rubbers), as well as the composition of the vulcanizing group, are selected experimentally depending on the type of rubbers, the amount and type of fillers and plasticizers. Selection methods are described in detail in many manuals for the manufacture of rubber products. When the content of vulcanizing components is less than 2%, the physical and mechanical properties of the composite material are deteriorated (low strength, low hardness due to insufficient degree of cross-linking of the binder). With a content of over 13%, the physicomechanical properties deteriorate due to excessive cross-linking (high hardness, low elongation at break).

The following is information on specific products from the claimed composite material. The preparation of rubber compounds was carried out on laboratory mixing rollers, the extrusion of rubber compounds in the form of a tow - on a rubber-processing machine of the MCH type, the manufacture of projectile shells (balls with a diameter of 10, 12, 13 mm) - on molds at a temperature of 150-170 ° C. Ballistic properties of the obtained products are given in the table.

Example 1

Composite material obtained by vulcanization of a rubber mixture containing butadiene-methylstyrene rubber, reinforcing filler - P-245 carbon black (group A filler), bismuth sulfide Bi ₂ S ₃ (group B filler), powdered metal weighting agent - iron powder, plasticizer - I-40 oil, a vulcanizing group, in a total amount of 9.7 parts by weight (5 last components), consisting of sulfur (vulcanizer), tetramethylthiuram disulfide (thiuram D) - vulcanization accelerator, zinc oxide and stearic acid (vulcanization activators), phthalic anhydride (vulcanization inhibitor), in the following ratio of components (parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of rubber):

Name of components, particle size parts by weight Butadiene-methylstyrene rubber SKMS-10 100.0 Tech. P-245 carbon (filler group A), 0.10-0.025 μm 25.0 Bismuth sulfide (group B filler), 2-12 microns 50,0 Iron powder, 20-100 microns 130.0 I-40 oil (plasticizer) 6.0 Sulfur 0.8 Tiuram D 1,0 Zinc oxide 5,0 Stearic acid 2,5 Phthalic anhydride 0.5

Example 2

According to example 1, characterized in that the composite material obtained by vulcanization of a rubber mixture containing SKEPT ethylene rubber, reinforcing filler - carbon black grade P 803 (filler group A), filler group B - zinc oxide ZnO (pigment for paints - "zinc white "), A powder of copper bronze as a weighting powdery metal filler, a plasticizer is a coumaron-indene resin, a vulcanizing group, in a total amount of 3.0 wt.h. (The last 2 components), consisting of dicumyl peroxide (vulcanizer) and a premature vulcanization inhibitor (scorch inhibitor) - ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA, Trilon B), in the following ratio of components (parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of rubber):

Name of components, particle size parts by weight Rubber SKEPT 100.0 Tech. P-803 carbon (filler group "A"), 0.06-0.09 microns 15.0 Zinc white (group B filler), 0.8-10 microns 70.0 Copper bronze powder, 30-120 microns 17.0 Kumarono-indene resin (plasticizer) 10.0 Dicumyl Peroxide (vulcanizing agent) 2.7 Trilon B (vulcanization retardant) 0.3

Example 3

According to example 1, characterized in that the composite material obtained by vulcanization of a rubber mixture containing a mixture of two rubbers (70% isoprene rubber and 30% butadiene rubber), reinforcing filler - carbon black brand K-354 (filler group A), filler group B - iron minium (pigment for paints) Fe ₂ O ₃ , plasticizer - paraffin oil, a vulcanizing group, in total - 8.0 parts by weight, containing zinc diethyldithiocarbamate as a vulcanization accelerator, in the following ratio of parts (parts by weight) at 100 parts by weight of a mixture of rubbers):

Name of components, particle size parts by weight Isoprene rubber 70.0 SKD butadiene rubber 30,0 Tech. carbon K-354 (filler group A), 0.024-0.033 μm 20,0 Iron minium (filler gr. B), 1.0-5.0 microns 80.0 Iron powder, 50-150 microns 150.0 Paraffin oil (plasticizer) 4.0 Sulfur 1,5 Zinc diethyldithiocarbamate 1,0 Zinc oxide 4.0 Stearic acid 1,0 Phthalic anhydride 0.5

Example 4

According to example 3, characterized in that the composite material obtained by vulcanization of a rubber mixture containing a mixture of 30% isoprene rubber and 70% butadiene rubber, in the following ratio of components (parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of a mixture of rubbers):

Name of components, particle size parts by weight Isoprene rubber 30,0 SKD butadiene rubber 70.0 Tech. carbon K-354 (filler group A), 0.024-0.033 μm 20,0 Iron minium (filler gr. "B"), 1.0-5.0 microns 80.0 Iron powder, 50-150 microns 150.0 Paraffin oil (plasticizer) 4.0 Sulfur 1,5 Zinc diethyldithiocarbamate 1,0 Zinc oxide 4.0 Stearic acid 1,0 Phthalic anhydride 0.5

Example 5

According to example 1, characterized in that the composite material obtained by vulcanization of a rubber mixture containing a mixture of two rubbers (67% nitrile butadiene rubber and 33% chloroprene rubber), group A filler - carbon black SAF, group B filler - lead red lead Pb ₃ O ₄ (pigment for paints), a plasticizer - dioctyl phthalate, a curing group (the last 6 components, in a total amount of 12.0 parts by weight), additionally containing magnesium oxide, in the following ratio of components (parts by weight per 100 parts by weight mixture of rubbers):

Name of components parts by weight Nitrile butadiene rubber 67.0 Chloroprene rubber 33.0 Tech. carbon SAF (filler group A), 0.014-0.027 μm 30,0 Lead minium (group B filler), 0.5-7.0 microns 100.0 Iron powder, 50-150 microns 350,0 Dioctyl phthalate 25.0 Sulfur 0.6 Tiuram D 2.0 Zinc oxide 6.0 Magnesium oxide 2.0 Stearic acid 1,0 Maleic Anhydride 0.4

Example 6

According to example 1, characterized in that the composite material obtained by vulcanization of a rubber mixture containing a mixture of two rubbers (85% chlorosulfopolyethylene rubber and 15% butyl rubber), a filler of group B - lead (II) sulfide PbS, copper powder as a weighting powder metal filler the plasticizer is dioctyl sebacinate (DOS), a vulcanizing group, in a total amount of 10.5 parts by weight (5 last components), consisting of tertiary butyl peroxide (PTB), triallylisocyanurate (TAIC), zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA, trilon B), in the following ratio of components (parts by weight per 100 parts by weight mixture of rubbers):

Name of components, particle size parts by weight Chlorosulfopolyethylene rubber (HSPE) 85.0 Butyl rubber (BK) 15.0 Tech. P-803 carbon (filler group A), 0.06-0.09 μm 70.0 PbS lead sulfide (group B filler), 5-25 microns 120.0 Copper powder, 40-100 microns 150.0 DOS (plasticizer) 2.0 PTB (vulcanizer) 0.9 TAIC (vulcanizer) 2.0 Zinc oxide 4.0 Magnesium oxide 3.0 Trilon B (vulcanization retardant) 0.6

Example 7

According to example 1, characterized in that the composite material obtained by vulcanization of a rubber mixture containing a mixture of two rubbers (75% chlorosulfopolyethylene rubber and 25% ethylene-propylene rubber), the filler of group A - carbon black HMF, the filler of group B - white pigment "Lithopon" ( a mixture of zinc sulfide ZnS and barium sulfate BaSO ₄ ), as a weighting powder metal filler - brass powder (an alloy of copper with zinc), a plasticizer - a coumaron-indene resin, a vulcanizing group, in total - 10.4 parts by weight (The last 5 components), consisting of benzoyl peroxide (PB), triallylisocyanurate (TAIC), zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA, trilon B), in the following ratio of components (parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the mixture rubbers):

Name of components, particle size parts by weight Chlorosulfopolyethylene rubber (HSPE) 65.0 Ethylene Propylene Rubber (SKEPT) 35.0 Tech. carbon HMF (filler group A), 0.046-0.066 μm 50,0 Lithopone: ZnS + BaSO ₄ (group B filler), 5-25 μm 140.0 Brass powder, 100-200 microns 150.0 Kumarono-indene resin (plasticizer) 25.0 PB (vulcanizer) 0.8 TAIC (vulcanizer) 2.0 Zinc oxide 4.0 Magnesium oxide 3.0 Trilon B (vulcanization retardant) 0.6

Example 8

According to example 1, characterized in that the composite material obtained by vulcanization of a rubber mixture containing a mixture of two rubbers (55% nitrile butadiene rubber SKN and 45% styrene butadiene rubber SKS-30), filler group A - carbon black SCF, filler group B - copper (II) sulfide CuS, plasticizer - FFA (a mixture of fatty acids containing 17-20 carbon atoms), a vulcanizing group in a total amount of 2 parts by weight, containing selenium (a vulcanizing agent) and selenium dimethyldithiocarbamate (accelerator). The vulcanization activator and the vulcanization inhibitor are absent. The ratio of components (parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of a mixture of rubbers):

Name of components parts by weight SKN rubber 55.0 Rubber SKS-30 45.0 Tech. carbon SCF (filler group A), 0.016-0.025 μm 40,0 Copper (II) sulfide CuS (filler group B), 10-25 microns 160,0 Iron powder, 20-50 microns 150.0 SJK (plasticizer) 6.0 Selenium (vulcanizer) 0.4 Selenium dimethyldithiocarbamate (vulcanization accelerator) 1,6

Example 9

According to example 1, characterized in that the composite material obtained by vulcanization of a rubber mixture containing a mixture of three rubbers (50% isoprene rubber, 28% chloroprene rubber and 22% butadiene rubber), group A filler is Nevsil-115 colloidal silicic acid, Group B filler — a lemon crown pigment for paints (a mixture of zinc chromate ZnCrO ₄ and lead sulfate PbSO ₄ ), a plasticizer — rosin, a vulcanizing group in a total amount of 11.3 parts by weight, additionally containing magnesium oxide. The vulcanization activator is oleic acid, zinc butyl xanthogenate is an accelerator, and benzoic acid is a retarder. The ratio of components (parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of a mixture of rubbers):

Name of components parts by weight Rubber SKI 50,0 Chloroprene rubber 28.0 SKD rubber 22.0 "Nevsil - 115" (filler group A), 0.02-0.04 μm 33.0 A mixture of ZnCrO ₄ + PbSO ₄ (filler group B), 0.6-2 microns 180.0 Iron powder, 20-50 microns 320,0 Rosin (plasticizer) 5,0 Sulfur 0.8 Zinc butyl xanthogenate 2.0 Zinc oxide 5,0 Magnesium oxide 2.0 Oleic acid (vulcanization activator) 1,0 Benzoic acid (vulcanization inhibitor) 0.5

Example 10

According to example 1, characterized in that the composite material obtained by vulcanization of a rubber mixture containing a mixture of two rubbers (55% butadiene-nitrile rubber SKN and 45% styrene-butadiene rubber SKS-30), filler group A - carbon black SCF, filler group B - chromium oxide (III) Cr ₂ O ₃ (green pigment for paints), a plasticizer - a coumaron-indene resin, a vulcanizing group (13 parts by weight) containing, as a vulcanization accelerator, cyclohexyl-2-bentiazolylsulfenamide (centrocture), vulcanization retardant - nitrosodiphenyl min (NDPA) in the following ratio of components (parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of rubber mixture):

Name of components parts by weight SKN rubber 55.0 Rubber SKS-30 45.0 Tech. carbon SCF (filler group A), 0.01-0.025 μm 42.0 Chromium (III) oxide Cr ₂ O ₃ (filler group B), 2-7 microns 200,0 Iron powder, 20-50 microns 50,0 Kumarono-indene resin (plasticizer) 8.0 Sulfur 1,2 Santokyur (vulcanization accelerator) 2.0 Zinc oxide 6.0 Stearic acid 3.0 NDFA (retarder) 0.8

Example 11 (for comparison).

According to example 3, characterized in that the composite material obtained by vulcanization of a rubber mixture containing no fillers, in the following ratio of components (parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of a mixture of rubbers):

Name of components, particle size parts by weight Isoprene rubber 70.0 SKD butadiene rubber 30,0 Paraffin oil 4.0 Sulfur 1,5 Zinc diethyldithiocarbamate 1,0 Zinc oxide 4.0 Stearic acid 2.0 Phthalic anhydride 0.5

As fillers of group B, in addition to the compounds indicated in the above examples, other derivatives of the heavy metals in the ground state with a particle size of 0.1-25 μm: bismuth oxide (III), previously not mentioned in the examples, can also be used ) Bi ₂ O ₃ , titanium oxide TiO ₂ , lead (II) oxide PbO (lead lithium), iron sulfide FeS ₂ (mineral pyrite), nickel sulfide (mineral millerite), copper sulfide (I) Cu ₂ S , barium sulfate (mineral "barite").

It should be noted that the variants of the binder (rubbers and mixtures of rubbers) given in the examples do not exhaust the variety of binders suitable for producing the inventive composite material. As can be seen from examples 3 and 4, for materials obtained from rubber compounds that differ only in the ratio of the rubber of the binder (70% SKI + 30% SKD and 30% SKI + 70% SKD), the ballistic properties are practically the same. However, there are some differences in the “stickiness” of unvulcanized rubber compounds, which plays a role in the process of their preparation, depending on the technological equipment used. In particular, on the mixing rollers, the mixture according to example No. 3 (with greater stickiness) is made better and faster. When using a slow-speed rubber mixer instead of rollers, these differences are erased. (In the case of the preparation of highly filled and, therefore, highly viscous rubber compounds such as No. 5-10, it is preferable, nevertheless, to use mixing rollers.) A variety of variations in the use of various rubbers given in this application gives more opportunities for the manufacture of rubber compounds on the existing technological equipment than traditional variations in the use of plasticizers. A very large number of variants of mixed binders (various brands of rubbers, in various quantitative ratios) does not make it possible to cover them with specific examples.

The table shows the elasticity values (in%) for the rebound of vulcanizates samples (rubber plates) and the results of ballistic tests of projectile shells made of rubber compounds containing certain amounts of group B fillers.

For testing, rubber balls with a diameter of 12 mm and a mass of 1.3 to 3 g, as well as standard plates of 40 × 40 × 6 mm in size were made from each rubber compound to determine rebound elasticity.

The technology for the preparation of rubber compounds and vulcanization conditions are similar to those described in the prototype.

Elasticity testing for the rebound of vulcanizates, identical to those from which the batches of spherical elements were made, was carried out on a UMR-2 elasticometer at a temperature of 21 ÷ 25 ° С. The accuracy of fire was estimated by the diameter of the circle, which covered all the holes, for example, 12 cm from eight shots, on a target installed at a distance of 10 m from the muzzle end.

The tests of the cartridges were carried out on a special stand excluding the human factor (level of training of the shooter). A portion of gunpowder in the tested cartridges was selected so that the energy of the projectile at a distance of 1 m from the muzzle was within 80-90 J.

The tests were carried out using the traumatic gun Grand Power T-12, the barrel of which is equipped with two steel protrusions (pins) to prevent the possibility of firing inelastic shells; cartridges 10 × 28T. The results are shown in the table. From the results it follows that, in general, there is a correlation between the amount of filler gr. B, rebound elasticity and accuracy.

Table No. Parts by weight group B filler per 100 parts by weight rubbers Rebound elasticity Accuracy (variation, in cm from 10 m) ** one fifty thirty 16 2 70 24 13 3 80 25 13 four 80 24 fourteen 5 one hundred twenty eleven 6 120 fifteen 12 7 140 fifteen 10 8 160 12 9 9 180 10 7 10 200 7 8 eleven 0 63 40 12 (1) * 0 44 24 12 (2) * 0 53 31 Notes. * Examples No. 12 (1) and 12 (2) are the test results of samples obtained by vulcanization of mixtures made according to the recipes of examples No. 1 and No. 2 of the prototype. ** Good results on the accuracy of traumatic shells can be considered as a scatter less than or equal to 16 cm from a distance of 10 m.

Rubber bullets made from the claimed composite material also have, in general, a higher density than in the prototype, since the increase in density is achieved not only by filling with metal powders, but also by group B fillers, which are inorganic compounds of heavy metals .

Thus, rubber bullets obtained from the claimed composite material have, in general, the best, to date, a combination of consumer properties:

- high density (in many ways provides high stopping power);

- excellent ballistics (accuracy is better than in the prototype, 7-16 cm versus 24-31 cm);

- high strength (bullets are not destroyed);

- relative cheapness, since all components used, including these rubbers, are produced in industry on a large-scale scale.

In addition, the combination of components in the initial (unvulcanized) rubber mixture allows you to adjust its properties, which provide good manufacturability of the manufacturing process of rubber bullets, in particular optimal adhesion to metal (provides the necessary "stickiness" of a highly filled mixture, in the process of its preparation, to the surfaces of the mixing rollers , as well as good adhesion of the rubber binder to metal powder, but does not prevent the extraction of finished products from the mold).

Claims (2)

1. Composite material for traumatic projectile projectiles of firearms obtained by vulcanizing a rubber mixture based on a binder from rubber or a mixture of rubbers, a vulcanizer, a powdered metal weighting agent, an inorganic filler and a plasticizer, characterized in that as an inorganic filler the material contains a mixture of two substances with different particle sizes, namely: a group A filler with a particle size of 0.01-0.08 microns and a group B filler with a particle size of 0.1-25 microns, while in As the filler of group A, carbon black or colloidal silicic acid was used, and as a filler of group B, a substance or mixture of substances from the group of oxides, sulfides or salts of heavy metals with a density of 4-10 g / cm ^{3 was} selected with the following ratio of components in the initial rubber mixture, wt. hours:
rubber or mixture of rubbers 100.0 group A filler 15.0-70.0 group B filler 50.0-200.0 powdered metal weighting agent 17.0-350.0 plasticizer 2.0-25.0 vulcanizer 2.0-13.0 2. The composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that, as a powdered metal weighting agent, the material contains a powder of iron, non-ferrous metals or their alloys with a particle size of 10-200 microns.