RU2444694C1 - Composite material for firearms traumatic propellant bullets - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons and ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: composite material is produced by curing rubber stock made up of rubber, curer and iron powder filler. Said filler of proposed material is made up of iron powder with particle size of 5 to 300 mcm, taken in amount of 17 to 350 wt parts per 100 wt parts of rubber. Intensifying inorganic filler is added to said material in amount of 20 to 200 wt parts per 100 wt parts of rubber at the following ratio of components in starting mix, in wt parts: rubber - 100.0, curer - 1.5-15.0, iron powder filler - 17.0-350.0, and intensifying filler - 20.0-200.0.

EFFECT: reduced risks of heavy injuries.

10 cl, 2 tbl

Description

The invention relates to firearms, namely, composite material that can be used in the manufacture of projectile shells - bullets for cartridges of firearms, in particular handguns, weapons used at close range to neutralize aggressive or hostile individuals, by non-fatal mechanical damage to maintain order or providing self-defense.

It is known to use deformable projectiles from elastomers, in particular from thermoplastic (ie non-crosslinked, “unvulcanized”) elastomers: ethylene-propylene-diene-, styrene-isoprene-styrene-, styrene-butadiene-styrene-, polyurethane elastomers, plasticized PVC and other thermoplastic elastomers. Throwing shells from thermoplastic elastomers are easily and with high productivity manufactured by injection molding, for example, on injection molding machines. However, such projectiles have a number of disadvantages, in particular, spherical bullets made of thermoplastic elastomer and equipped with a cartridge with an inner diameter smaller than the diameter of the elastic bullet, after the shot does not restore the spherical shape. In addition, if the velocity of a projectile flying out during a shot is more than 300 m / s, then usually its surface melts. All this leads to a deterioration in the ballistic properties of the elastic bullet. An increase in the melting temperature of a thermoplastic (non-crosslinked) elastomer, as a rule, is associated with an increase in its hardness, which can cause severe injuries to a neutralized object. In patent application FR No. 2532742, 1982, a composite material is used for the manufacture of projectiles, which are vulcanized rubber bullets having a shore hardness of 40 to 55. The composite rubber material includes an elastomer, a dye, a filler, a plasticizer and means, molybdenum-containing articles which prevent adhesion to molds. Such material provides the projectile with a sufficient compromise degree of hardness so that the projectile does not flatten inside the barrel of the weapon, excluding its expansion or tearing. But, at the same time, a shell made of this material has a sufficient degree of softness so that, by neutralizing the object, it will not cause serious damage to it.

However, it was found that in some cases, in particular when using weapons for close protection at a distance of less than 5 m between the weapon and the target, the aforementioned projectile shells made of known composite materials are too hard and do not expand sufficiently when impacted, which can lead to the occurrence of serious wounds at the site of contact, which require subsequent surgical intervention to remove projectile shells from the body. Moreover, the situation is often complicated by the fact that the exact location of the elastic (rubber) bullets cannot be established, because they are not detected by conventional methods, for example, using x-rays or magnetic detection detectors.

In this regard, specialists are developing composite materials for projectile shells that minimize these shortcomings and reduce the risk of severe damage to a living target when they are used and at the same time ensuring the neutralization of this target for a fairly long time.

Known is a special composite material for the production of projectile shells that do not cause damage to the barrel of a weapon, ensure the neutralization of a living object, without causing serious injuries, RF patent No. 2230285, 2004, taken as a prototype.

This material is made of an organic polymer matrix and a powdered metal weighting agent (charge) dispersed in it. The polymer matrix is a cross-linked (vulcanized) polybutadiene containing polybutadiene chains interconnected by bridges. In a preferred embodiment, cross-linking (bridges) is formed due to the interaction of the terminal hydroxyl groups of polybutadiene with diisocyanate. In this case, the transverse bridges are urethane. It is proposed to plasticize cross-linked polybutadiene and include an antioxidant in its composition. It is proposed to introduce metal powder from iron, iron alloys with other metals, iron compounds, barium compounds, tungsten, a mixture of tungsten with another metal, alloys of tungsten and its other compounds into the composite material as a powdered metal weighting agent (charge). Ball bullets made of the known composite material in the form of balls provide the required operational properties for the products: the introduction of metal powder provides an increase in the mass of the bullet in order to increase its effectiveness, i.e. immobilizing (stopping) action.

However, it should be noted the disadvantages of the known composite material.

The bullet shells obtained from the material of the prototype have low tensile strength and low tear strength. This is due, in particular, to the fact that to obtain a material with low Shore hardness (from 2 to 30), the authors did not use reinforcing fillers (soot), which significantly increase the tensile and tear strengths, but at the same time increase the hardness of the elastic material. It is known that the tear strength of elastic materials, in particular rubber, as a rule, is symbatically dependent on Shore hardness. In practice (at least in Russia) rubber bullets are used with Shore hardness from 55 to 75 units.

It has been established that when metal powder of iron is used as a rubber weighting agent, a monotonic decrease in tensile strength occurs, i.e. the larger the mass fraction of iron powder, the lower the tensile strength of the obtained composite material. As a result of the weakening of these two factors (tensile strength and tear strength), the missile is destroyed when it passes through the barrel, which has special obstacles. The negative consequence of the destruction of the missile projectile into parts is that it complicates their rapid location in the body of the object and increases the time of surgery and recovery.

The raw material base used to produce the known composite material is limited: the main raw material for producing an organic polymer matrix - polybutadiene with terminal hydroxyl or carboxyl groups and an average molecular weight of 500 to 10,000, is not commercially available.

In addition, the production process of shells does not meet modern requirements - a very low productivity of the process (vulcanization time of more than 4 hours).

The objective of the invention was the creation of a new composite material for traumatic projectile projectiles - bullets of firearms, determined by X-ray and magnetic methods and having the required operational properties.

The problem is solved by a composite material for traumatic projectile firearms obtained by vulcanizing a rubber mixture based on rubber, a vulcanizer and a powdered iron weighting agent, in which, according to the proposal, iron powder with a particle size of 5 to 300 microns is included in the amount of from 17 to 350 mass parts (hereinafter referred to as parts by weight) per 100 parts by weight rubber, and it introduced a reinforcing inorganic filler in an amount of from 20 to 200 m.h. per 100 m.h. rubber in the following ratio of components in the original rubber composition, m.h .:

rubber 100.0 vulcanizer 1,5-15,0 powdery iron weighting agent 17.0-350.0 reinforcing filler 20.0-200.0.

The material is characterized in that it contains finely divided carbon black (soot) or colloidal silicic acid, aerosil (white soot) as an inorganic reinforcing filler.

The material was obtained by vulcanization of a rubber compound, in which sulfur with organic sulfides, or selenium and its organic derivatives, or metal oxides, or quinones and their derivatives are contained as a vulcanizer.

The material is characterized in that the initial rubber mixture as a vulcanizer contains organic perroxides or organic perroxides in combination with triallyl cyanurate (TAC) or triallyl isocyanurate (TAIC).

The material obtained from the rubber mixture, in which organic perroxides or organic perroxides in combination with triallyl cyanurate (TAC) or triallyl isocyanurate (TAIC) are contained as a vulcanizer, additionally contains complexons that bind iron ions in an amount of not more than 1 m.h. per 100 parts by weight gland.

It is possible to introduce hydroxyl-containing synthetic resins (GSS) into the starting rubber mixture in an amount of from 2.0-14.0 parts by weight. per 100 parts by weight rubber as additives that enhance the strength of the obtained metal-filled rubber.

It is advisable to introduce alkyl phenol-formaldehyde resins (AFPS) into the starting rubber mixture as hydroxyl-containing synthetic resins, which simultaneously serve as vulcanizer.

The material is characterized in that, as rubbers, the initial rubber mixture contains carboxylate rubbers, i.e. rubbers whose molecules contain carboxyl groups embedded along the entire length of the molecule, or based on a mixture of the above rubbers with rubbers not containing carboxyl groups.

It is preferable to use rubbers obtained by copolymerization of rubber-forming monomers with methacrylic acid as carboxylate rubbers, or a mixture of these rubbers with rubbers not containing carboxyl groups, while the number of carboxyl groups corresponds to the mass fraction of bound methacrylic acid, the content of which in rubber or in a mixture of rubbers is 1 0-8.0 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight rubber.

As a rubber, the initial rubber mixture contains natural rubber or synthetic: isoprene-, or chloroprene-, or butadiene-nitrile-, or isoprene-styrene-, or butadiene-styrene-, or chlorosulfopolyethylene-, or acrylate-, or ethylene-propylene-, or butyl rubber, or fluororubber.

The technical result of the invention is as follows.

For the manufacture of X-ray magnetodetectable rubber bullets, natural and a wide variety of synthetic rubbers manufactured in the industry can be used, for example, isoprene, isoprene-styrene, chloroprene, butadiene-nitrile, butadiene-styrene, butyl rubbers, etc. These rubbers are the most common in the rubber industry (about 90% of the share of all rubbers) and the cheapest.

Other relatively small-tonnage, but usually more expensive types of rubbers can be used, including acrylate, butadiene-styrene-methacrylate, butadiene-nitrile-methacrylate, fluororubber, chloro-and bromobutyl rubber, and chlorosulfopolyethylene and ethylene-propylene.

If rubbers containing carboxyl groups (carboxylate rubbers) or mixtures of these rubbers with other synthetic rubbers not containing carboxyl groups are used in the initial vulcanizable mixture, the strength of the vulcanized material containing dispersed iron powder is further increased due to the interaction forces of the carboxyl groups of the organic polymer matrix with the surface of the particles of powdered iron.

The amount of carboxyl groups in rubber is characterized by the mass fraction of the starting carboxylic acid (usually methacrylic acid) that is part of the synthetic rubber. The optimal content of carboxyl groups is characterized as the mass fraction of bound methacrylic acid in carboxylate rubber or in a mixture of carboxylate rubber with another synthetic rubber that does not contain carboxyl groups.

In this case, the minimum amount of carboxyl groups corresponds to the mass fraction of bound methacrylic acid in rubber (or in a mixture of rubbers) equal to 1.0 wt.h. With a smaller amount, the hardening effect is negligible.

The maximum number of carboxyl groups corresponds to a mass fraction of bound methacrylic acid in rubber (or in a mixture of rubbers) equal to 8.0 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight rubber (or 100 parts by weight of a mixture of rubbers). With a larger amount, no further significant hardening effect is observed.

In contrast to the prototype, where the terminal hydroxyl or carboxyl groups in the polybutadiene molecules are intended exclusively for “crosslinking”, i.e. vulcanization of the polymer elastomer, in the proposed solution, cross-linking (the term "vulcanization" is used for ordinary rubbers) is carried out by conventional vulcanization methods mastered in the rubber industry.

In the crosslinking process (according to the methods described in the prototype), carboxyl and hydroxyl groups are completely consumed in crosslinking and are absent in the vulcanizate, i.e. are no longer able to fulfill the function of strengthening the strength of a vulcanizate filled with metal (iron) powder.

In addition, according to the prototype, upon receipt of the composite material, “reinforcing fillers” are not used - finely divided carbon black (carbon black) or silicic acid (white carbon black), which repeatedly increase the strength of rubber.

In the proposed material, various available vulcanizing agents can be used: sulfur in combination with organic sulfides, selenium in combination with its organic derivatives, organic perroxides, organic perroxides in combination with triallyl cyanurate (TAC) or triallyl isocyanurate (TAIC), quinones and their derivatives, metal oxides , etc. When using organic perroxides, the rubber mixture containing iron powder is not subject to long-term storage, because iron ions can cause premature decomposition of peroxide and, as a consequence, vulcanization of the rubber compound. To slow down this process, complexones, for example ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA, complexon II), o-phenanthroline, ά, ά-dipyridyl or another reagent that binds iron ions, in an amount of up to 1 part by weight should be added to the rubber mixture. per 100 mph of rubber.

It was found that in order to compensate for the weakening effect of iron powder on the strength of the composite material, it is advisable to use hydroxyl-containing synthetic resins (GSS) in the initial rubber mixture that increase the strength of vulcanizate with dispersed iron powder, such as rosin glycerol ether, rosin pentaerythritol ether, modified epoxies, alkyl phenol-formaldehyde resins (hereinafter AFPS), etc., compatible with rubbers. That is, synthetic resins containing alcoholic hydroxyl groups (for example, rosin glycerol ester, modified epoxy resins) or phenolic hydroxyl groups (for example, AFPS).

The use of various synthetic resins, in particular the above, as additives to the components of rubber compounds is known and described in the literature, in particular in the book: Schwartz A.G., Ginzburg B.N. The combination of rubbers with plastics and synthetic resins, M., Chemistry, 1972. However, in the scientific literature and in this book from the wide variety of synthetic resins did not stand out a group of resins with a common indicated feature, namely GSS.

At the same time, GSS, along with other synthetic resins, were used as components that give stickiness to unvulcanized rubber compounds, and (or) as a vulcanizing (co) component, or a component that changes any properties of vulcanizate to obtain modified types of rubber. Phenol-formaldehyde resins are often used in the majority of adhesives based on synthetic rubbers. However, the use of these resins, and specifically GSS, as part of the material of traumatic shells, is unknown.

Of the alkyl phenol-formaldehyde resins, AFPS made from phenols containing normal- or iso-alkyl substituents with 3 to 8 carbon atoms in the aromatic nucleus, for example propyl, iso-propyl, butyl, tert, are most suitable for achieving the desired effect. -butyl-, octyl-, iso-octyl-phenol-formaldehyde resins.

Conventional phenol-formaldehyde resins (without an alkyl substituent in the aromatic core of phenol (i.e., PFS)) are unsuitable for this purpose for several reasons:

- they do not fit well with most rubbers, namely rubbers that do not have polar groups;

- give solid vulcanizates with low elasticity (i.e. with low elongation at break). FFS mixtures with polar rubbers, such as chloroprene or nitrile butadiene, form the basis of most grades of rubber adhesives.

In addition, phenol, which is always present as an impurity in PFS, is a rather toxic substance and, for this reason, large-tonnage products containing PFS, worsen the ecological environment.

Unlike phenol, alkyl phenols are about 10 times less toxic than unsubstituted phenol (Harmful substances in industry, ed. N. Lazarev and E. N. Levina, vol. 1, L., Chemistry, 1976, p. 403, 412.). For this reason, AFFS is also much less harmful to the environment.

The minimum number of GSS, having a noticeable positive effect on the strength properties of rubber bullets, with a powdered iron weighting agent, is 2.0 wt.h. per 100 parts by weight source rubber

The maximum is 14.0 parts by weight. per 100 parts by weight source rubber. With a larger number of GSS, there is no further increase in strength.

The optimal amount of GSS in rubber is usually in the range of 4 to 10 parts by weight, which depends, first of all, on the type of GSS, on the amount of iron powder introduced and on the type of rubber.

The optimal amount of powdered iron weighting agent in the rubber pool is in the range from 17.0 to 350.0 parts by weight. per 100 m.h. rubber.

When the content is less than 17.0 parts by weight X-ray detection of a traumatic projectile trapped in the human body is difficult. When the content of iron powder is more than 350 m.h. the strength properties of a rubber bullet become unacceptable.

The particle size of the powdered iron is in the range from 5.0 μm to 300 μm, determined experimentally and is optimal. When the particle size is below 5.0 microns, the powder is very “dusty”, and its mixing with the other components of the mixture is worsened. With a particle size of more than 300 microns, particles detached from the surface of the fired bullet can cause significant harm to the health of the object.

The content of the basic substance (iron as such) in the iron powder should preferably be at least 98%.

The recommended limits for the amount of reinforcing inorganic filler (the abbreviation UNN is given below in the table examples) are in the range from 20 to 200 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of rubber and are explained by the fact that with a smaller or a larger amount of UNN the effect gain becomes insufficient. The dependence of the strength of the composite material on the amount of UNN is nonlinear, there is a gently sloping (smoothed) maximum in the region of about 30-90 parts by weight of UNN per 100 parts by weight of the original rubber, depending on the brand of rubber. Further, the strength of the material is gradually reduced, but, nevertheless, remains significantly higher than in the absence of UNN.

Unlike UNN, iron powder slightly increases the hardness of vulcanizates, which is very important, because a significant increase in the hardness (stiffness) of the projectile increases the likelihood of serious injuries (see appendix). The fact that the metal powder weighting agents dispersed in an elastic projectile does not cause a significant increase in its hardness is established in the prototype patent.

Additives of plasticizers in the initial rubber mixture, as a rule, do not increase the strength of the resulting vulcanizates, but they, in most cases, are necessary to reduce the hardness of the rubber bullet to the desired value. Moreover, HSS additives usually reduce the need for plasticizers, as GSS themselves simultaneously play the role of plasticizers.

The examples given in the tables illustrate the invention and the advantages arising from it.

For comparative tests, 11 variants of the composite material were prepared, which were made by vulcanization of rubber compounds, the composition of which is shown in table 1.

The material was obtained by mixing the components on known equipment: in a mixer, or on mixing rollers, at a temperature of 60-90 ° C for 20-40 minutes. Projectile projectiles - bullets were made by vulcanization at a temperature of 160 to 210 ° C (depending on the formulations used) and a pressure of 80 to 150 atm. The vulcanization time from 45 seconds to 4 minutes The total cycle time on the mold with 26 sockets ranged from 2 to 6 minutes, productivity from 260 to 780 pcs / hour. The density of the resulting bullet with a diameter of 10 mm is from 1.54 to 4.1 g / cm ³ , the mass of the bullet is from 0.78 to 2.15 g.

For comparison, rubber bullet balls with the same diameter were made and tested according to the recipe and modes given in Example 1 of RF patent No. 2230285, 2004, taken as a prototype.

Data on the properties of shells (bullets) are given in table.2.

It should be noted that according to the usual criteria of the strength properties of elastomers (maximum tensile stress, elongation at break, tear strength, Shore hardness, rebound elasticity, etc.), it is far from always possible to predict whether an elastic projectile will collapse upon firing or not, since there is no data on how much the contribution of each indicator is in these specific conditions. In addition, most of these indicators are given only for a temperature of + 20 ° C, while an elastic projectile heats up significantly when fired. At the same time, strength indicators for different rubbers change differently with increasing temperature. Therefore, the assessment of the strength of projectile shells was carried out by field tests in harsh conditions, namely: the number of intact elastic bullets fired with the maximum allowable (for civilian self-defense) energy (80 J) and with an energy exceeding the maximum allowable 1.75 times (140 J). In similar conditions, a batch of rubber bullets was manufactured using the method and formulation specified in the prototype — Example 1 of RF patent No. 2230285, 2004. The tests were carried out using the traumatic Grand Power T-10 pistol, the barrel of which is equipped with two steel protrusions (pins) to prevent the possibility of firing inelastic shells; cartridges 10 × 22 T. The results are shown in table.2. From the results given in the table, it follows that all bullets made from the proposed material retain their integrity under conditions of shots with the maximum allowable energy (80 J), which guarantees minimal injuries, the exact location of the bullet and the reduction of complications during operations and healing of the object. The results of shots with an energy of 140 joules especially clearly demonstrate the higher strength properties of the proposed material compared to the material proposed in the prototype. The most durable bullets were obtained from rubber mixtures containing GSS, or rubber mixtures based on carboxylate rubbers (an average of 8 whole rubber bullets out of 10).

Testing for the detection of rubber bullets was carried out using a modern fluorographic digital low-dose X-ray apparatus 12FK1, as well as the well-known method used in clinics, by obtaining x-ray images (negatives) on film.

In the body of a boxing mannequin with dense packing of foam rubber crumb, 11 shots were made with spherical bullets with a diameter of 10 and 12 mm, made according to examples 1-11.

In digital photographs (one full-face shot, the other at an angle — with the mannequin turning about 45 ° around the vertical axis), all 11 bullets were immediately clearly visible on the monitor screen. As a result of consideration and comparison of both images within 2 minutes, their exact location in the dummy body was established. The total testing time is from 4 to 5 minutes.

In a similar test using ordinary rubber bullets (without iron powder), out of 11 bullets that penetrated the mannequin, only 8 rubber bullets were located with careful consideration and comparison of digital images on the monitor screen for 4 minutes. The total testing time is from 6 to 8 minutes. At the same time, the location of the 3 bullets in the dummy was not determined, and there was also no complete reliability about the location of the detected bullets, because their outlines on the monitor screen were barely visible.

In two negative photographs (in full face and at an angle of about 45 °) obtained on X-ray photographic film apparatuses, all 11 bullets with iron powder were clearly visible, the location of which in the mannequin was determined after 4 minutes of review and comparison of both images. The total time, in this case, was about 12 minutes (the time of manifestation of the negative is added).

In a similar test using conventional rubber bullets (without iron powder), out of 11 bullets that penetrated the mannequin, only 7 rubber bullets were located with careful consideration and comparison of both negatives of X-ray images for 6 minutes. In this case, the location of 4 bullets was not determined and there was no complete reliability about the location of 7 bullets found, because their outlines on negatives were hardly distinguishable.

Accordingly, it is well known that only bullets containing iron powder can be detected with magnetic detectors.

Thus, the speed and reliability of the detection of shells made of the claimed material will make it possible to provide medical assistance to the facility as soon as possible and thereby significantly reduce the risk of serious consequences for penetrating wounds.

In addition to significantly greater ease of detection of penetrating wounds of rubber bullets containing iron powder, it is possible to quickly remove them from the human body using an electromagnet of sufficient power. Such a method is sometimes used in surgery to extract iron objects (fragments, balls, etc.) from wounds.

The tests of shells - bullets made of the claimed material, led to the conclusion that this material is industrially feasible and will be in demand in the manufacture of X-ray magnetically detectable bullets for barrelless traumatic self-defense weapons and short-barreled guns (pistols, revolvers), the barrel of which has an expanding or tapering hole or equipped with ledges inside the barrel, which prevents firing metal bullets.

Table 1 Example No. Rubber ¹⁾ (V.H.) UNN, (V.H.) Zhelezn. powder, microns, (parts by weight) Vulcanizer, (V.H.) Plasticizer, (including) GSS, (including) one KR-50 (100.0) Tech. carbon K-354 (20.0) 5-45 (17.0) Magnesium Oxide (9.0) Dibutyl Phthalate (4.0) - Zinc Oxide (7.0) 2 SKI-3, or natural (100.0) Tech. carbon P-803 (50.0) 15-70 (123.5) Sulfur (2.5), Kumaronoinde
new resin (12.0) - Tiuram D (0.5), + AB (6.0) 3 SKF-32 (100.0) Aerosil (25.0) 40-150 (350.0) Benzoyl Peroxide (4.0) 13FM (10.0) - four XSPE (100.0) Those. angle P-803 (90.0) 90-250 (130.0) Magnesium Oxide (6.0), Tricresyl Phosphate (22.0) - lead oxide (8.0) 5 SKS-30-1 (100.0) ²⁾ Tech. carbon K-354 (100.0) 90-250 (80.0) Tert-Butyl Peroxide (2.0) Kumaronoinde
new resin (25.0) - TAIC (3) 6 GKH-26-5 (100.0) ²⁾ Silica (60.0) 150-300 (135.0) Chloranil (3.0) Pine Resin (12.5) - PCBs (2.5) 7 SKN-18-10 (80.0) ²⁾ KR-50 (20.0) Tech. carbon P-803 (20.0) 5-45 (350.0) α-Chlortoluene (3.3) Dibutyl Phthalate (3.4) - Lead Oxide (4.6) 8 ³⁾ BK-2575 (100.0) Tech. carbon PM-75 (200.0) 100-300 (120.0) Amberol (4.0) I-40 oil (8.5) Amberol (4.0) Tin Chloride (2.0) 9 BAK-12 (100.0) Silica (30.0) 100-150 (114.0) Dicumyl Peroxide (5.0) - Resin ED-20M (14.0) EDTA (1.0) 10 SKN-18 (100.0) Tech. carbon PM-75 (50.0) 50-150 (145.0) MOPBH (4.0) Dioctyl-sebacinate (9.5) HES (10.6) Lead dioxide (5.7) eleven SKS-30 (100.0) Those. angle P-803 (80.0) 10-40 (120.5) Selenium (0.5) DMKS (1.0) SJK (22.4) PEC (2.0) For compared. According to the prototype PB with hydrox. column (one hundred) Lack of ≈50 (120.4) TDI (18.2) Dioctyl azelate (61.6) - DBLO (1.7) Notes. ¹⁾ The rubber grade is given. Below, separately, is the chemical name of the rubber of this brand.
²⁾ Carboxylate rubbers containing, respectively, 1 or 5 or 10% bound methacrylic acid.
³⁾ In this example, GSS "Amberol ST 137" is both a vulcanizer and a component that enhances the strength of the composite material; the total amount in the rubber mixture is 4.0 parts by weight for 100 hours rubber.

Rubbers:

KP-50 - chloroprene;

SKI-3 - isoprene (close to natural rubber in chemical composition and properties);

SF-32 - fluororubber;

KhSPE - chlorosulfopolyethylene;

SKS-30-1 - butadiene-styrene-methacrylate (1% bound methacrylic acid);

SKN-26-5 - butadiene-nitrile-methacrylate (5% bound methacrylic acid);

SKN-18-10 - (10% bound methacrylic acid);

BK-2575 - butyl rubber (2.5% bound butadiene);

BAK-12 - acrylic (copolymer of butyl acrylate with 12% acrylonitrile);

SKN-18 - nitrile butadiene (18% bound acrylonitrile);

SKS-30 - styrene-butadiene (30% bound styrene);

PB with hydro, gr. - polybutadiene with hydroxyl end groups (prototype).

Hydroxyl Resins (GSS):

"Amberlol ST 137" - para-isooctylphenol formaldehyde resin;

Resin ED-20M - epoxy resin ED-20, modified with acetic acid;

HES - rosin glycerin ester;

PEC - rosin pentaerythritol ether.

Vulcanizing agents, vulcanization accelerators:

Thiuram D - tetramethylthiuram disulfide;

AB - the so-called "vulcanization activator", increasing the strength of rubber during sulfuric vulcanization, composition: stearic or oleic acid (1 part by weight) and zinc oxide (5 parts by weight) per 100 parts by weight rubber;

TAIC - triallylisocyanurate;

EDTA - ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid;

Chloranil-tetrachloro-n-benzoquinone;

PCBs - para-quinodioxime, quinodioxime, dioxim of para-benzoquinone;

MOPBH - mono-oxime of para-benzoquinone;

DMKS - selenium dimethyldithiocarbamate;

TDI - a mixture of 2,4- and 2,6-isomers of toluene diisocyanates (prototype);

DBLO - tin dibutyl dilaurate (prototype).

Plasticizers:

13FM - fluorine-containing separation liquid - trifluorochlorethylene oligomer;

FFA - a mixture of fatty acids (17-20 carbon atoms in an acid molecule).

Table 2. Some characteristics and test results of rubber bullets made of the proposed material (Ex. 1-11) and the prototype Example No. The number of UNN, m.h. ^one) The amount of iron. powder, parts by weight ¹ (%) Shore hardness, (d, g / cm ³ ) ¹⁾ The number of whole balls out of 10 ²⁾ 80 j 140 J one 20,0 17 (10.4%) 65 (1.54) 10 9 2 50,0 123.5 60 10 7 3 25.0 350 (71.6%) 63 (4.10) 10 5 four 90.0 130.0 65 10 6 5 ³⁾ 100.0 80.0 62 10 8 6 ³⁾ 60.0 135.0 73 10 10 7 ³⁾ 20,0 350 (72.7%) 67 (3.02) 10 6 8 ⁴⁾ 200,0 120.0 75 10 7 9 ⁴⁾ 30,0 114.0 72 10 9 10 ⁴⁾ 50,0 145.0 60 10 8 11 ⁴⁾ 80.0 120.5 65 10 8 According to the prototype ⁵⁾ absent 120.4 (38%) 22 (1.46) 7 2 Note:. ^{1) The} amount of reinforcing filler is given in parts per 100 parts by weight source rubber. The amount of iron powder is given in parts by weight per 100 parts by weight original rubber. The mass fraction (%) of iron powder and the specific gravity of the composite material (d, g / cm ³ ) are shown only for the lower and upper limits, as well as for the prototype. ²⁾ Whole balls - not collapsed into parts, as well as not having tears greater than 1/2 of the diameter of the ball and not having tears greater than 3 mm. ³⁾ The original rubber mixture contained carboxylate rubber. ⁴⁾ The original rubber mixture contained GSS. ⁵⁾ Made balls with a diameter of 10 mm according to the recipe and method described in the example of the prototype.

Claims (10)

1. Composite material for traumatic projectile projectiles of firearms obtained by vulcanization of a rubber mixture based on rubber, vulcanizer and powdered iron weighting agent, characterized in that, as a powdery iron weighting material, the material contains iron powder with a particle size of from 5 to 300 microns, in an amount of 17 to 350 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight rubber, and a reinforcing inorganic filler is introduced into the material in an amount of from 20 to 200 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight rubber in the following ratio of components in the original rubber mixture, parts by weight:
rubber 100.0 vulcanizer 1,5-15,0 powdered iron weighting agent 17.0-350.0 reinforcing filler 20.0-200.0 2. The material according to claim 1, characterized in that as a reinforcing inorganic filler it contains carbon black or colloidal silicic acid. 3. The material according to claim 1, characterized in that the initial rubber mixture as a vulcanizer contains sulfur with organic sulfides, or selenium with its organic derivatives, or metal oxides, or quinones and their derivatives. 4. The material according to claim 1, characterized in that its initial rubber composition as a vulcanizer contains organic perroxides or organic perroxides in combination with triallyl cyanurate (TAC) or triallyl isocyanurate (TAIC). 5. The material according to claim 4, characterized in that the initial rubber mixture additionally contains complexones that bind iron ions, in an amount of not more than 1.0 wt.h. per 100 parts by weight rubber. 6. The material according to claim 1, characterized in that the initial rubber mixture contains a reinforcing organic component - hydroxyl-containing synthetic resins (GSS) in an amount of from 2.0-14.0 wt.h. per 100 parts by weight rubber. 7. The material according to claim 6, characterized in that as the hydroxyl-containing synthetic resins, the initial rubber mixture contains alkyl phenol-formaldehyde resins (AFPS). 8. The material according to claim 1, characterized in that as rubbers it contains synthetic rubbers, the molecules of which contain carboxyl groups embedded throughout the length of the molecule, or a mixture of the above rubbers with rubbers that do not contain carboxyl groups. 9. The material of claim 8, characterized in that as rubbers containing carboxyl groups embedded along the entire length of the molecule, it contains carboxylate rubbers obtained by copolymerization of rubber-forming monomers with methacrylic acid, or a mixture of these rubbers with rubbers that do not contain carboxyl groups while the number of carboxyl groups corresponds to the mass fraction of bound methacrylic acid, the content of which in rubber or in a mixture of rubbers is 1.0-8.0 wt.h. per 100 parts by weight rubber. 10. The material according to claim 1, characterized in that as the rubber it contains natural rubber or synthetic: isoprene or chloroprene, or butadiene-nitrile, or isoprene-styrene, or butadiene-styrene, or chlorosulfopolyethylene, or acrylate, or ethylene-propylene, or butyl rubber, or fluororubber.