RU2495304C1 - Gearbox of automotive equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: gearbox consists of the main assembly and reverse gear assembly with non-coaxial shafts arranged in the assemblies. Fifteen non-associated and associated gears and connecting couplings are installed on shafts. The main assembly of gearbox is equipped with one intermediate shaft, on which two non-associated and three associated gears are arranged. Reverse gear assembly is equipped with a gear arrangement axis.

EFFECT: enlarging operating capabilities of automotive equipment owing to increasing the number of reverse gears by two pieces; reducing material consumption and weight of a gearbox.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of automotive technology, specifically to gearboxes (speeds) with gears, providing a geometric series of rotational speeds of the output shaft.

Known gearboxes of the stepped type (Afanasyev, B.A. Designing four-wheel drive wheels of cars / B.A. Afanasyev, B.N. Belousov, L.F. Zheglov, and others; Under the general editorship of A.A. Polungyan. - M.: Publishing House of the MSTU named after NE Bauman, 2000. - 640 p.).

These boxes may have base boxes and additional boxes that expand the capabilities of the base boxes. These boxes have an increased length in the axial direction, coaxial connection of the shafts between the supports, an overestimated number of gears, and a reduced rigidity of the shafts.

Known gearboxes of the stepped type with two connected gears (connected gears — gears or gears participating in two or more gear ratios) (Mullabaev, A.A. Transmissions with connected gears: a manual for students of higher educational institutions / A.A. Mullabaev. - Orenburg: IPK OGU, 2001, - 110 p.).

These boxes reduce the number of gears used by two units and reduce the axial length of the gearbox by four gear widths, provided that the gear module is the same, and also have a greater number of speed stages in a given adjustment range, but cannot be used in vehicles with reversing gears movement.

Known gearbox tractor T-170 (Zabegalov, GV Bulldozers, scrapers, graders / GV Zabegalov, EG Roninson. Textbook for vocational schools. - 2nd ed., Revised and updated. - M. ; Higher school, 1991. - 334 pp., Ill.). The T-170 tractor box is made in the form of a main unit and a reverse unit with non-coaxial shafts placed in them with 15 unrelated and connected gears mounted on them and couplings, and the main block box is equipped with two main and two intermediate shafts, on the first intermediate shaft of the main block s one unrelated and one related gear.

When moving the tractor forward, the box provides eight speeds, and when moving backward, it provides four speeds.

The disadvantages of the box are increased radial dimensions and metal consumption, due to the overestimated number of shafts, and an insufficient number of speeds when moving “backward”.

This solution is the closest to the proposed one.

The technical result of the proposed solution is to increase the number of reverse gears by two, reduce the mass of the box due to the use of a short axis instead of an extended shaft.

The problem is solved in that in the speed box of automotive machinery, consisting of a main unit and a reverse unit with misaligned shafts located in the units with 15 unconnected and connected gears and couplings mounted on them, the main unit of the box is equipped with one intermediate shaft, on which has two unconnected and three connected gears, and the reverse gear is equipped with an axis for accommodating two gears.

Figure 1 shows the proposed scheme of a three-connected gearbox of automotive equipment.

Figure 2 shows the well-known diagram of the speed box of the T-170 tractor with one connected gear (the gear is shaded).

Figure 3 shows the structural grid (beam diagram) shown in figure 2 gearboxes.

The gearbox of the tractor equipment has eight speeds “forward” and six speeds “backward” with 15 gears and 4 couplings located on three misaligned shafts of the main unit and one axis of the reverse unit.

The gearbox of automotive equipment consists of:

The main unit - 1; reverse gear (circled by a dotted line) - 2; input shaft - 3; intermediate shaft - 4; output shaft - 5; the axis of the reverse gear - 21; gears - 6 ... 20, of which gears 9, 11 and 12 (shaded) are connected; couplings - A, B, D, G.

Gears 6, 7, 8, 13, 14, 15, 16, 19 and 20 are made with the possibility of free rotation on the shafts; gears 9, 10, 11, 12, 17 and 18 are made motionlessly connected to shafts, gears 19 and 20 are made united in block 22; Coupling A - one-way, couplings B, D, F - two-way.

Designations in figure 3:

D _km - gearbox range; q is the denominator of geometric progression; 3, 4, 5 - shafts of the main unit; I, II, III - rays of the structural grid, showing the transmission "forward" between the shafts I and II; IV, V, VI - rays of the structural grid, showing the transmission between the shafts II and III when moving "forward"; VII - rays of the structural grid, showing the transmission between the shafts II and III when moving "back" (shown by a dotted line);

The proposed gearbox works as follows.

The initial (not working) state of the box corresponds to the location of the couplings A, B, D, G in the "off" state (as shown in figure 1).

The switching of the couplings A, B, D, F of the gearbox of the speed of the tractor equipment and the block of gears of the reverse gear when receiving the speeds of movement of the tractor equipment “forward” (while the gears 19 and 20 should be disengaged from gears 16 and 18, respectively - block 22 on the axis 21 is in the left position, see figure 1):

- first gear: clutch A is engaged by moving along the shaft 3 to the left (figure 2), the torque through gears 6 and 9 is transmitted from shaft 3 to shaft 4 (corresponds to beam III in figure 3); the clutch D is switched on by moving along the shaft 5 to the right, the torque through the gears 10 and 14 is transmitted to the shaft 5 (corresponds to the beam VI at point 1 in figure 3);

- second gear: clutch A is turned off by moving along shaft 3 to the right, clutch B is turned on by moving along shaft 3 to the right, torque is transmitted through gears 8 and 12 from shaft 3 to shaft 4 (corresponds to beam II in Fig. 3); the clutch D remains in the position corresponding to the first gear, the torque through the gears 10 and 14 is transmitted to the shaft 5 (corresponds to the beam VI at point 2 in figure 3);

- third gear: the clutch B is engaged by moving along the shaft 3 to the left, the torque through the gears 7 and 11 is transmitted from the shaft 3 to the shaft 4 (corresponds to beam I in figure 3); the clutch D remains in the position corresponding to the first gear, the torque through the gears 10 and 14 is transmitted from the shaft 4 to the shaft 5 (corresponds to the beam VI at point 3 in figure 3);

- fourth gear: clutches B and D are set to the "off" position, clutch A is turned on by moving along the shaft 3 to the left, the torque is transmitted through gears 6 and 9 from 3 shaft to 4 (corresponds to beam III in figure 3); the clutch W is switched on by moving on the shaft 5 to the left, the torque is transmitted through gears 11 and 15 to the shaft 5 (corresponds to the beam V at point 4 in figure 3);

- fifth gear: clutch A is turned off and clutch B is turned on by moving along the shaft 3 to the right, the torque is transmitted through gears 8 and 12 from 3 shaft to 4 (corresponds to beam II in figure 3); clutch Ж remains in the fourth gear position, the torque is transmitted through gears 11 and 15 from 4 shaft to 5 (corresponds to beam V at point 5 in figure 3);

- sixth gear: clutch B and clutch J are turned off, clutch A is turned on, torque is transmitted through gears 6 and 9 from 3 shaft to 4 (corresponds to beam III in figure 3); the clutch D is switched on by moving along the shaft 5 to the left, the torque through gears 9 and 13 is transmitted from 4 shaft to 5 (corresponds to beam IV at point 6 in figure 3);

- seventh gear: clutch A is turned off, clutch B is turned on by moving along the shaft 3 to the right, the torque is transmitted through gears 8 and 12 from 3 shaft to 4 (corresponds to beam II in figure 3); the clutch D remains in the sixth gear position, the torque is transmitted through gears 9 and 13 from 4 shaft to 5 (corresponds to beam IV at point 7 in figure 3);

- eighth gear: clutch B is engaged by moving along the shaft 3 to the left, the torque through gears 7 and 11 is transmitted from 3 shaft to 4 (corresponds to beam I in figure 3); the clutch D remains in the sixth gear position, the torque is transmitted through gears 9 and 13 from 3 shaft to 4 (corresponds to beam IV at point 8 in figure 3).

The implementation of the switching of the couplings A, B, D, F gearboxes of automotive vehicles and the block of gears of the reverse gear when receiving the speeds of movement "back":

- first gear: gear 20 is engaged with gear 18 and 17. Clutch A is engaged by moving along shaft 3 to the left. Torque is transmitted through gears 6 and 9 from shaft 3 to shaft 4 (corresponds to beam III in FIG. 3). Next, the torque through the gears 17, 20 and 18 is transmitted from the shaft 4 to the shaft 5 (corresponds to the beam VII at point G in figure 3);

- second gear: clutch A is turned off, clutch B is turned on by moving along the shaft 3 to the left. The torque through the gears 7 and 11 is transmitted from the shaft 3 to the shaft 4 (corresponds to the beam II in figure 3) and then, as in the first gear "back" (corresponds to the beam VII at point 2 ′ in figure 3);

- third gear: clutch B is engaged by moving along shaft 3 to the right. Torque is transmitted through gears 8 and 12 from shaft 3 to shaft 4 (corresponds to beam III in FIG. 3) and then, as in the first gear “backward” (corresponds to beam VII at point 3 ′ in FIG. 3);

- fourth gear: all couplings are in the off position. Gear 19 is engaged with gear 16 and 12. Clutch F is engaged by moving along shaft 5 to the right. Clutch A is engaged by moving along shaft 3 to the left. Torque is transmitted through gears 12, 19 and 16 from shaft 4 to shaft 5 (corresponds to beam VII at point 4 ′ in FIG. 3);

- fifth gear: clutch A is turned off, clutch B is turned on by moving along the shaft 3 to the left. The torque through the gears 7 and 11 is transmitted from the shaft 3 to the shaft 4 (corresponds to the beam II in figure 3). Further, as in the fourth gear “back” (corresponds to beam VII at point 5 ′ in figure 3);

- sixth gear: clutch B is engaged by moving along the shaft 3 to the right. Torque is transmitted through gears 8 and 12 from shaft 3 to shaft 4 (corresponds to beam I in FIG. 3). Further, as in the fourth gear “back” (corresponds to beam VII at point 6 ′ in figure 3).

Thus, compared with the prototype, the proposed solution gearbox automotive technology provides an increase in the number of reverse gears by two.

The material consumption and weight of the box are reduced by using three connected gears instead of one and replacing the extended shaft with the short axis of the reverse gear.

Claims (1)

The gearbox of tractor equipment, consisting of the main unit and the reverse unit with misaligned shafts located in the units with 15 connected and connected gears and couplings mounted on them, characterized in that the main unit of the box is equipped with one intermediate shaft, on which two unconnected and three connected gears, and the reverse gear is equipped with an axis for accommodating two gears.

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