RU2494367C2 - Device to record electromagnetic radiation arising during damage of rocks by drilling, and method of its application - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.

SUBSTANCE: device includes a loading device, comprising a metal body connected with a grounded base, a recording system comprising amplifiers, an analogue-to-digital transducer, a computer and screened cables. At the same time the loading device comprises a rock-breaking tool installed on a drilling machine, and a system of axial load supply comprising the following serially connected component: a pulley of axial load feed, a system of blocks and a system for suspension of weights installed on the frame. Also the device comprises a closed circulation system for bottomhole cleaning and cooling of the rock-breaking tool, a recording system comprising a pressure gauge, a phototach, a vibration sensor, a channel for registration of a permanent component of current and a channel for recording of an alternating component of current. The method includes installation of a sample in a clamp, deformation of a sample with the help of a loading device, registration of an arising electromagnet signal with a registration system. At the same time, setting experiment parameters, the initial and final positions of the axial load feed system are marked, accordingly at the start and end of the experiment, a boring pump motor is switched on, power is supplied to a three-phase transformer, from which power is then sent to a motor of a drilling machine, the rock-breaking tool is put in contact with the sample, and the required axial load is set, frequency of rock-breaking tool rotation is fixed by the phototach, pressure of the flushing liquid is recorded with the pressure gauge, plant oscillations are fixed by a vibration sensor, and along the channels for DC and AC the generated electromagnetic radiation is detected.

EFFECT: possibility to imitate loading of a sample with drilling, with variation of the experiment mode, under permanent registration of electromagnetic radiation parameters in process of sample damage, in the form of permanent and alternating components of current, and also the value applied to the load sample.

2 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of mining and is intended to control the destruction of rock samples when changing their stress-strain state.

Known devices for recording electromagnetic radiation arising from the deformation and crack formation of rocks - RF patents NN 2006884, 2085736, 2155973, 2172005.

The disadvantages of these devices are low sensitivity and the impossibility of varying it depending on the experimental conditions, the inability to register the DC component of the current. In the device according to the patent of the Russian Federation N 2085736 it is impossible to register the electrical component of electromagnetic radiation. In the device according to the patent of the Russian Federation N 2172005 loading of the sample is possible only by compression.

Known stands for the study of electromagnetic radiation deformable to destruction of solids - RF patents NN 2190203, 2204128.

The disadvantages of these stands is the impossibility of assessing the influence of the anisotropy of the properties of the sample on the magnitude of the recorded electromagnetic radiation, the type of loading of the sample by principle differs from drilling.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed solution is a stand for the study of electromagnetic radiation deformable to destruction of a solid, for example a rock sample [RF patent N2253098, G01N 3/08, G01N 27/00, publ. May 27, 2005], including a capacitor transducer of electromagnetic radiation enclosed in an electromagnetic shield, a load device comprising a metal housing connected to a grounded base, and first and second metal rods oppositely mounted in the axial cavity of the metal housing. In this case, the first metal rod is installed with the possibility of translational motion, a force sensor, a recording system including amplifiers, an analog-to-digital converter and a computer, and shielded cables. The metal housing of the load device is made in the form of a hollow circular cylinder, which is also the first lining of the capacitor transducer of electromagnetic radiation. The first and second metal rods of the load device are made in the form of bolts and are installed in the axial holes of the first and second centering sleeves of the load device, respectively, having threads on the outer and inner diameters and installed on the side having thread on the inner diameter of the end sections of the metal case of the load device. The first centering sleeve of the load device is made of metal, and the second is made of a dielectric, for example ebonite, and has the form of a bolt, and between the first and second metal rods installed in the hollow circular cylinder of the load device, the force sensor is sequentially placed in the metal body, the intermediate plate and the deformable solid body. The first and second metal rods are installed with the possibility of translational movement by turning their heads, the end of the second one, placed on the side of the deformable solid, has the shape of a conical indenter, while the second metal rod serves as the second lining of the capacitor transducer.

The disadvantages of this device are the ability to register electromagnetic radiation only in laboratory conditions and the low level of automation of the experiment. In addition, the design features of the device allow you to act on the sample only with compressive loads.

Known methods for the study and registration of electromagnetic radiation of deformable solids - RF patents NN 2172005, 2253098, 2190203

The disadvantages of the above methods are the use of a method of loading a sample that is different by the principle of drilling, the inability to register a constant component of electric current, the use of equipment with a high noise level.

The closest in essence to the claimed is a method for studying electromagnetic radiation, deformable to destruction of a solid in the form of a rod [RF patent N 2204128, cl. G01N 27/60, G01N 3/20, publ. May 10, 2003], including installing it on a stand, using a capacitive sensor, one of the plates of which is made in the form of a plate mounted on the base of the stand, and is connected to the registration system, and the other is grounded. Deformation of the said rod by applying an external load to its upper end with a load device, including a movable support with a socket for placing the upper end of the deformable rod and a fixed support installed on the base of the stand with a socket for placing the lower end of this rod, the transformation using the indicated capacitive sensor while the signal of electromagnetic radiation of the deformable rod and its registration by the registration system. As another plate of the capacitive sensor, another plate is used, and the plates are mounted on the stand base through insulating gaskets. In this case, the deformable rod is placed between the plates of the capacitive sensor, after which the bending external load in opposite directions is cyclically applied to the upper end of the deformable rod mounted in the socket made from the end of the movable support serving as the lever of the lever system of the load device, which is moved in a vertical plane passing through the axial lines of the specified lever and socket fixed support of the lever system of the load device.

The disadvantage of this method is that the deformation effect on the sample is different in principle from drilling, as a result of which the recorded electromagnetic radiation is small and does not allow to control the process of destruction of the sample. In addition, it is not possible to record the magnitude of the applied load to the sample.

The objective of the proposed solution is to enable registration of electromagnetic radiation during the destruction of rock samples by drilling.

The problem is solved by creating electromagnetic radiation of a destructible rock sample by drilling with changing parameters of the regime, conversion and registration of electromagnetic radiation.

In the device for detecting electromagnetic radiation arising from the destruction of rocks by drilling, including a loading device containing a metal housing connected to a grounded base, a recording system including amplifiers, an analog-to-digital converter, a computer and shielded cables. A rock cutting tool and an axial load feeding system are used as a loading device. The rock cutting tool is mounted on a drilling machine. The axial load supply system consists of a serially connected axial load pulley, a system of blocks and a weight system mounted on the frame. A closed circulation system is used to clean the face and cool the rock cutting tool. The registration system includes a manometer, a phototachometer, a vibration sensor, a channel for recording the DC component of the current, and a channel for recording the alternating component of the current.

The study of electromagnetic radiation that occurs during the destruction of a rock sample by drilling is carried out by placing it in a clamp and drilling using a rock cutting tool installed on a drilling machine with a given axial load in the axial load supply system and flushing fluid flow rate. The face is cleaned and the rock cutting tool is cooled by a flushing fluid moving in a closed circulation system. In this case, as a result of the interaction of weapons of a rock cutting tool and a rock sample, electromagnetic radiation is generated. The proposed device allows you to register electromagnetic radiation generated as a result of the destruction of rock samples by drilling at specified parameters.

In the method of detecting electromagnetic radiation arising from the destruction of rocks by drilling, a sample is mounted in a clamp, it is deformed with a load device, and an electromagnetic signal is determined by the registration system. By setting the parameters of the experiment, the initial and final positions of the axial load feeding system are noted, respectively, at the beginning and end of the experiment. The mud pump motor is turned on, power is supplied to a three-phase transformer, from which power is then supplied to the drilling machine motor. The rock cutting tool is brought into contact with the sample and the required axial load is set. The rotational speed of the rock cutting tool is fixed with a phototachometer, the washing liquid pressure is recorded with a manometer, and the unit’s vibrations are fixed with a vibration sensor. The channels for recording the DC component of the current and the variable component of the current determine the generated electromagnetic radiation.

The destruction of the rock sample by drilling is carried out with a rock cutting tool driven by drilling sank. load the sample by applying axial load, record and change the parameters of the drilling mode, to cool the rock cutting tool and clean the face using a closed-loop circulation system. In this case, as a result of the interaction of weapons of a rock cutting tool and a rock sample, electromagnetic radiation is generated. The proposed method allows you to register both a constant and a variable component of electromagnetic radiation, to study its features during the destruction of rock samples by drilling.

To explain the described object in Fig.1-5 shows a block diagram of the proposed installation and its constituent elements.

Figure 1 is a General block diagram of the installation.

Figure 2 is a block diagram of a drilling machine.

Figure 3 is a block diagram of a circulation system.

4 is a block diagram of an axial load feeding system.

5 is a block diagram of a registration system.

6 and 7 are examples of a specific implementation of the method in the form of dialog boxes for software when recording data during the experiment at various axial loads.

A device for detecting electromagnetic radiation resulting from rock destruction by drilling (FIG. 1) consists of a drilling machine 1 (SS), a circulation system 2 (TS), an axial load feeding system 3 (SPON) and a recording system 4 (SR). The intersection between the elements in the flowchart means the presence of functional relationships between these elements.

Drilling machine 1 (CC) (Fig. 2), consists of the base part of the drilling machine (bed, pulleys, spindle rotator) 5, synchronous motor 6 (D), sump tray 7 (LO) for flushing fluid, axial feed pulley load 8, swivel 9 (B), a rock cutting tool 10 and a clamp for a rock sample 11 (ZGP), bolted to the base of the machine 5.

The circulating system 2 (CA) of a closed type (Fig. 3) consists of a swivel 9 (B), a sump tray 7 (LO), a watering hose 12, a sump tank 13 (EO), a plastic overflow 14, and a tank for washing liquid 15 (EPZH), corrugated hose 16, three-piston mud pump 17 (BN) and tractor armored hose 18. The circulation system is assembled according to the following scheme: 9-7-12-13-14-15-16-17-18-18-9. In addition, the collector of the mud pump 25 (CBN) is connected by a watering hose to the discharge 19 with a tank for flushing fluid 15 (EPZH).

The axial load feeding system 3 (SPON) (Fig. 4) consists of an axial load feeding pulley 8, structurally located on the drilling machine 1 (CC) and frame 21 (P), with a system of blocks 22 (SB) installed on it and a hitch system cargo 23 (CIS). All elements of the axial load supply system 3 (SPON) are interconnected by a metal cable 20.

Registration system 4 (SR) (Fig. 5) consists of devices for regulating and controlling the hydraulic channel located in circulation system 2 (TsS), a device for registering penetration of a rock cutting tool located in the axial load supply system 3 (SPON), and a digital phototachometer "EM2234 »26 (FT) devices for recording electromagnetic radiation and devices for supplying power to the working elements of the drilling machine 1 (CC) and the mud pump 17 (BN). The control and monitoring devices of the hydraulic channel are represented by a manometer 24 and a manifold of a three-piston mud pump 25 (KBN). Devices for registering penetration of a rock cutting tool are represented by frame 21 (P). As devices for recording electromagnetic radiation, use is made of: a channel for recording the DC component of the current, consisting of a circuit including a swivel 9 (V), a rock cutting tool 10, a rock clamp 11 (ZGP), a resistance of 75 Ohms 27 (C75), and an amplifier 29 ( U1); a channel for recording an alternating current component, consisting of a ferrite ring with a winding 28 (FC) and an amplifier 30 (Y2). Both channels are further connected to a personal computer 32 (PC) through an oscillographic set-top box "PCLab2000" 31 (OP). To register the vibrations of the installation elements, a vibration sensor 33 (VD) is used, which, if necessary, is installed on a drilling machine 1 (SS) or a three-piston mud pump 17 (BN). The vibration sensor 33 (VD) is connected via an oscillographic set-top box "PCLab2000" 31 (OP) to a personal computer 32 (PC). As a device for supplying power to the working elements of the drilling machine 1 (SS), an engine 6 (D) is used, connected with a diode to a three-phase transformer 34 (LATR) and through a magnetic actuator of the drilling machine 35 (MPSS) to a three-phase network. The power supply devices for the working elements of the three-piston mud pump 17 (BN) are represented by the engine of the three-piston mud pump 36 (DBN) and the magnetic actuator of the three-piston mud pump 37 (MBNN) connected to the three-phase network.

The work is as follows. The test sample is installed in the rock clamp 11 (CGP), on the personal computer 32 (PC) the experiment parameters are set using the special software of the PCLab2000 oscilloscope (the time grid of the experiment is set to 1 s (100 measurements per second), channel sensitivity to register the DC component and the AC current component). The rock cutting tool 10 is brought out of contact with the sample and fixed in a static position. They supply power to the mud pump motor 36 (DBN) by turning on the magnetic starter of the mud pump 36 (MPBN), thereby doing its job three-piston mud pump 17 (BN) and flushing fluid circulates through the circulation system 2 (CC). Power is supplied to the three-phase transformer 34 (LATR) by turning on the magnetic starter of the drilling machine 35 (MPSS). The three-phase transformer 34 (LATR) sets the required value of the applied voltage to the motor of the drilling machine 6 (D), as a result of which the engine spins the rock cutting tool 10 to the required speed. The rock-breaking tool 10 is brought into contact with the sample and the necessary axial load is established on the weight system 23 (LPG) by hanging the goods. After 5-15 seconds, when the break-in of the rocks of the destructive tool 10 (PRI) takes place, its rotation frequency is measured with an EM2234 26 digital phototachometer (FT). On the frame 21 (P) mark with chalk the level of the system of the load 23 (CIS) at the beginning of the experiment. Start recording the results of the experiment on a personal computer 32 (PC). During the experiment, the washing fluid supply pressure is determined by the TM100 pressure gauge 24. If necessary, the amount of washing fluid supplied is changed using a plug valve located on the manifold of the three-piston mud pump 25 (CBN). In this case, the excess liquid is returned to the tank for washing liquid 15 (EPZH) through the irrigation hose to the discharge 19. The main flow of washing liquid circulates according to the scheme: 17-9-11-7-12-13-14-15-16-17. The resulting electromagnetic radiation is recorded along the following contours: DC component of the current - (sample-10-9-27-11-sample) -29-31-32;

the alternating current component is 28-30-31-32. The oscillations of the elements of the system are recorded using the circuit - 1 (17) -33-31-32. The experiment is carried out for 5 minutes. At the end of the experiment, data recording on a personal computer 31 (PC) is stopped, the level of the load system 23 (CIS) is marked with chalk on frame 21 (P), it is unloaded, the rock cutting tool 10 is brought out of contact with the sample, the three-phase transformer 34 is turned off ( LATR), a magnetic actuator of a drilling machine 35 (MPSS) and a magnetic actuator of a mud pump 37 (MPBN). The amount of penetration taken from the frame 21 (P) is multiplied by a factor equal to the ratio of the stroke of the load hitching system 23 (LPG) to the penetration of the sample to obtain the true penetration to the rock cutting tool 10. Data transmitted to the personal computer 32 (PC) during experiments are recorded in a * .txt file for further processing. Figures 6 and 7 show examples of a particular embodiment of the method in the form of software dialog boxes for recording data during an experiment for drilling a sandstone sample with an axial load of 2 and 12 kg and a speed of 500 rpm, respectively. The sensitivity of data acquisition on the channel of direct and alternating current is 0.5 V, the number of measurements is 100 in 1 s.

Thus, the claimed device allows you to fix the electromagnetic radiation that occurs when the destruction of rock samples by drilling, both through the channel for recording the DC component of the current, and the channel for registering the variable component of the current, as well as change the experimental mode by changing the axial load and rotational speed of the rock cutting tool, flushing fluid supply. Therefore, the proposed device allows to solve the problem.

Claims (2)

1. A device for recording electromagnetic radiation arising from the destruction of rocks by drilling, including a loading device containing a metal housing connected to a grounded base, a recording system including amplifiers, an analog-to-digital converter, a computer and shielded cables, characterized in that the loading device contains a rock cutting tool mounted on a drilling machine and an axial load feeding system consisting of serially connected feed pulley and axial load, a system of blocks and a system for weighing loads mounted on the frame, includes a closed circulation system for cleaning the face and cooling the rock cutting tool, a recording system including a pressure gauge, a phototachometer, a vibration sensor, a channel for recording the DC component of the current, and a channel for recording the variable component current. 2. A method for recording electromagnetic radiation arising from the destruction of rocks by drilling, including installing a sample in a clamp, deforming a sample using a loading device, registering an emerging electromagnetic signal with a registration system, characterized in that, by setting the parameters of the experiment, the initial and final positions of the feed system are noted axial load, respectively, at the beginning and end of the experiment, turn on the mud pump motor, supply power to the three-phase transformer, from which Then the power is supplied to the drilling machine engine, the rock cutting tool is brought into contact with the sample and the required axial load is set, the rotational speed of the rock cutting tool is fixed with a phototachometer, the washing fluid pressure is recorded with a manometer, the oscillations of the installation are recorded with a vibration sensor, and the channels for recording the constant and alternating current components determine the generated electromagnetic radiation.

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