RU2492606C1 - Rotary mulching harrow - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery industry, in particular to tilling machines for surface preplant mulch tillage. The rotary mulching harrow comprises an outer spiral, an inner spiral of a smaller diameter and individual drive wheels of the spirals. The outer spiral has a parallelogram shape in cross-section. The larger side of the parallelogram forms an angle α relative to the soil surface. The outer spiral rotates at a greater frequency than the frequency of rotation of the drive wheel via the connection with the individual drive wheel and chain transmission. The inner spiral has a shape of isosceles triangle in cross-section. The inner spiral rotates in the opposite direction of the outer spiral rotation by connecting to individual drive wheel, chain and gear transmission. The diameter of the inner spiral is determined by the formula d=D-h, where d is the diameter of the inner spiral, D is the diameter of the outer spiral, h is depth of embedding of the outer spiral into the soil, and the value of angle α fulfils the condition α>90-φ, where φ is the angle of friction of the material the outer spiral against the soil.

EFFECT: constructive implementation enables to increase the degree of crumbling clouts, to level the surface layer of soil and create the compacted seedbed at a depth of sowing seeds.

5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to tillage machines for surface seedbed mulching tillage.

Known erosion control skating rink [1] having two spirals located one inside the other. The pitch of the turns of the inner spiral is made variable along the entire length. The diameter of the inner spiral refers to the diameter of the outer spiral as 2/3. Trapezoidal elastic scrapers are installed on the roller frame in the intervals between the turns of the external spiral. On the outer spiral, at various angles to the axis of the turns, blades are rigidly mounted, interacting once with the scraper in one revolution.

The disadvantage of this analogue is that the spirals work in a passive mode and do not provide the necessary crumbling of the soil.

The prototype is a tillage implement [2], consisting of an inner drum, on the shaft of which the outer drum is freely planted. The inner and outer drums are bar-shaped. A drive sprocket is mounted on the shaft of the outer drum, coupled by means of a safety spring-cam clutch and a flexible gear to the inner drum. When moving the unit on the soil surface, the outer drum rotates the inner drum in the opposite direction with the help of a flexible gear and a sprocket block, crushing the lumps of soil between their rods.

The common disadvantages of the analogue and prototype are that their working bodies rotate due to interaction with the soil surface, are prone to clogging with plant debris and do not always provide high-quality crumbling, leveling and creation of a mulched surface soil layer.

The essence of the invention is as follows. The task to which the rotary mulching harrow is aimed is to improve the quality of surface presowing cultivation of the soil.

The technical result is an increase in the degree of crumbling of lumps, leveling of the surface soil layer and the creation of a compacted seed bed at the depth of sowing seeds.

This is achieved by the fact that in the rotary mulching harrow containing an external spiral, inside which a spiral of smaller diameter is placed, and individual drive wheels of spirals, the external spiral has a cross-sectional shape in cross section, the larger side of which forms an angle α relative to the soil surface, and is connected to an individual drive the wheel by means of a chain transmission, providing its rotation with a higher frequency than the frequency of rotation of the drive wheel. The inner spiral is in the shape of an isosceles triangle in cross section and is connected to the individual drive wheel by means of chain and gear transmissions, which ensure its rotation in the direction opposite to the direction of rotation of the external spiral. The diameter of the inner spiral is determined by the formula d = Dh, where d is the diameter of the inner spiral, D is the diameter of the outer spiral, h is the depth of the deepening of the outer spiral into the soil, and the angle α satisfies the condition α> 90-φ, where φ is the angle friction of the material of the external spiral on the soil.

The invention is illustrated by schemes:

figure 1 - diagram of a rotary mulching harrow, top view;

figure 2 is a view a in figure 1, a schematic illustration of a drive wheel;

figure 3 - view B in figure 1, a cross section of a coil of an external spiral;

figure 4 is a view In figure 1, a cross section of a coil of an internal spiral;

5 is a flow chart of the harrow.

The rotary mulching harrow (Fig. 1) consists of a shaft 2 mounted on the frame 1, on which the inner spiral 3 is fixed, and mounted on the axis of the shaft 2 of the outer spiral 4. The outer 4 and inner 3 spirals have individual drive wheels 6 and 7 respectively (figure 2). The external spiral 4 has a cross-sectional cross-sectional shape (Fig. 3), the larger side of which forms an angle α relative to the soil surface and is connected to the individual drive wheel 6 by means of a chain gear 5. The internal spiral 3 has an isosceles triangle in cross-section (Fig. 4) and connected to the individual drive wheel 7 through a chain 8 and a gear 9 gears.

Rotary mulching harrow works as follows.

When moving across the field, the drive wheel 6 through the chain gear 5 drives the external spiral 4. The chain gear 5 provides rotation of the external spiral 4 with a higher frequency than the speed of the drive wheel 6. In the process (Fig. 5), the turns of the external spiral 4 under the action of gravity and due to the higher rotational speed are buried in the soil to a depth h equal to the sowing depth of seeds of agricultural crops. The deepening of the turns of the external spiral 4 into the soil is also ensured due to the fact that they are made of a plate having a parallelogram section in cross section, the larger side of which forms an angle α relative to the soil surface. Moreover, to obtain a sliding cutting of the soil and its movement through the turns of the external spiral 4, the condition α> 90-φ, where φ is the friction angle of the material of the external spiral 4 on the soil, must be satisfied. This shape of the cross section of the turns of the outer spiral 4 provides improved soil cultivation and helps to reduce the traction resistance of the unit.

With further movement, the soil falls into the inter-turn space of the outer spiral 4 and moves somewhat in the axial direction due to its rotation.

At the same time, the drive wheel 7 drives the inner spiral 3 through the chain 8 and the gear 9, while the turns of the inner spiral 3 enter the soil to a depth equal to half the depth of the outer spiral 4. The turns of the inner spiral 3 are made from a plate having an isosceles cross section triangle, contributes to better cutting and crumbling of the soil falling into the inter-turn space of the outer spiral 4. Moreover, due to the presence of gear 9, the inner spiral 3 rotates in the opposite direction with respect to external spiral 4 and moves the upper layer of soil located in the inter-turn space at a depth of h / 2. The rotation of the external and internal spirals in opposite directions provides intensive crumbling, mixing and mulching of the soil to the depth of sowing seeds of agricultural crops h and the creation of an aligned finely crumbly surface layer. This is possible with the value of the diameter of the inner spiral d = D-h, where d is the diameter of the inner spiral, D is the diameter of the outer spiral, h is the depth of the deepening of the outer spiral into the soil.

In addition, during operation, the turns of the external spiral 4 due to the higher rotational speed make lateral movement relative to the direction of movement of the harrow at a depth h equal to the depth of sowing of seeds. In this case, the end surface of the turns of the outer spiral 4 glides along the soil, which contributes to the creation of a compacted seed bed at this depth.

Thus, after the passage of the rotary mulch harrow across the field, a finely crumby mulch surface layer and compacted seed bed are created at a depth of h, and this ensures high-quality soil preparation for sowing crops.

List of references

1. Auth. testimonial. USSR No. 1435173, A01B 29/04.

2. Auth. testimonial. USSR No. 1482545, A01B 29/04.

Claims (1)

A rotary mulching harrow containing an external spiral, inside of which a spiral of a smaller diameter is placed, and individual drive wheels of spirals, characterized in that the external spiral having a parallelogram cross-sectional shape, the larger side of which forms an angle α relative to the soil surface, is connected to the individual drive wheel by chain transmission, providing its rotation with a higher frequency than the frequency of rotation of the drive wheel, and an internal spiral having the shape of an isosceles threus in cross section alpine, is connected to the individual drive wheel by chain and gear transmissions, which ensure its rotation in the direction opposite to the direction of rotation of the external spiral, while the diameter of the internal spiral is determined by the formula d = Dh, where d is the diameter of the internal spiral, D is the diameter of the external spiral, h is the depth of penetration of the outer spiral into the soil, and the angle α satisfies the condition α> 90-φ, where φ is the angle of friction of the outer spiral material on the soil.

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