RU2561450C1 - Row crop cultivator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: row crop cultivator comprises a cross beam, support wheels, parallelogram sections, plough beams and working bodies. The plough beam comprises a gauge wheel, guide brackets and holders. The holders are mounted in the guide brackets at an equal distance from the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the plough beam with the ability of adjusting this distance. The working bodies are mounted in the holders and contain a rack, an A-hoe, and a bracket. The bracket is mounted on the rack. On the bracket the adjusting disc with the axis is rigidly fixed. Under the adjusting disc an additional disk is mounted with the ability of rotation about its axis. Under the additional disc an additional bracket with the semi-axis and the mouldboard is rigidly fixed. The mouldboard is mounted on the semi-axis on the inner side of the A-hoe wing. The mouldboard is made flat and forms an acute angle α between its flat side and the direction of motion of the row-crop cultivator. Behind the working bodies there is a roller. The angle α has a size determined by the ratio

where r is radius of the mouldboard; θ is contact angle of the mouldboard to the soil; H is height of the soil ridge; h is depth of immersion of the mouldboard into the soil; γ is an angle of the soil natural slope; B is width of the upper base of the soil ridge. The distance S between the vertical axes of symmetry of the mouldboards is determined by the formula

where ℓ is distance of soil throwing by one mouldboard, m; V is velocity of movement of the thrown soil, m/s; g is acceleration of free fall of the soil, m/s²; β is angle of soil elevation by the mouldboard when it is thrown, deg. The overall width L of the roller is determined by the formula L=a-F, where a is the width of the inter-row spacing, m; F is the width of the protection zone, m.

EFFECT: improvement of quality of inter-row cultivation of row crops.

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Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to devices for inter-row cultivation of row crops.

Known row cultivator [row cultivator. Patent RU No. 19441 U1. Publ. September 10, 2001], including supporting wheels and a transverse beam bearing parallelogram sections. Parallelogram sections include upper and lower rods, ridges with sequentially mounted working bodies and spherical disks. The upper links are based on spherical discs.

However, the known device has a disadvantage, which can be attributed to the unsatisfactory quality of inter-row cultivation of row crops, as well as exposure of the upper soil layer in the aisles after the passage of lancet paws, resulting in cracks on the surface of the soil.

The purpose of the invention is improving the quality of inter-row cultivation of row crops.

This goal is achieved by the fact that the beds contains a gauge wheel, guide brackets and holders. The holders are installed in the guide brackets at an equal distance from the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the ridge with the possibility of adjusting this distance. The working bodies are installed in holders. The working bodies contain a rack, lancet paw and bracket. The bracket is mounted on a rack. An adjustment disk with an axis is rigidly fixed to the bracket. An additional disk is mounted under the adjusting disk with the possibility of rotation around its axis. An additional bracket with a half shaft and a blade is rigidly fixed under the additional disk. The blade is installed on the half shaft from the inside of the wing of the lancet paw. The blade is made flat and forms an acute angle α between its flat side and the direction of movement of the cultivating cultivator, and the angle α has a size determined by the ratio

where r is the blade radius;

θ is the contact angle of the blade with the soil;

H is the height of the soil ridge;

h is the depth of immersion of the blade into the soil;

γ is the angle of repose of the soil;

B is the width of the upper base of the soil ridge,

the distance S between the vertical axis of symmetry of the dumps is determined by the formula

- дальность отбрасывания почвы одним отвалом, м;Where $$\ell$$

- range of soil casting by one dump, m;

V is the velocity of the discarded soil, m / s;

g - acceleration of free fall of the soil, m / s ² ;

β is the angle of elevation of the soil with the dump when it is discarded, deg,

and behind the working bodies a roller is installed, the total width L of which is determined by the formula

L = a- F,

where a is the row spacing, m;

F - width of the protective zone, m

Figure 1 shows a cultivating cultivator, side view, figure 2 is the same, a top view, figure 3 is a cross section of the field surface behind the cultivator along the line aa, figure 4 is a working body, side view, figure 5 is the same, a top view, figure 6 is a section of the working body along the line BB, figure 7 is a view of B, figure 8 is a roller, view G, figure 9 is a cross section ice rink along the DD line.

The cultivating cultivator contains a transverse beam 1, support wheels 2, parallelogram sections 3, beds 4 and working bodies 5.

The bed 4 comprises a copy wheel 6, the guide brackets 7 and the holders 8. The holders 8 are mounted in the guide brackets 7 at an equal distance from the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the bed 4 with the possibility of adjusting this distance. The required distance between the working bodies 5 is established by moving the holders 8 along the guide brackets 7 in different directions from the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the ridge 4 and fix in the required position with bolts 9, screwed into the threaded holes of the holders 8.

The working bodies 5 are installed in the holders 8 and contain a stand 10, a knife-shaped stand 11, a lancet paw 12. A bracket 13 is mounted on the stand 10. An adjustment disk 14 with an axis 15 is fixedly fixed to the bracket 13. Under the adjustment disk 14, it is mounted with a possibility of rotation about its axis additional disk 16. The adjustment disk 14 and the additional disk 16 have holes 17 located on the periphery at the same distance from their center. An additional bracket 18 is rigidly fixed under the additional disk 16 with an axle shaft 19 and a blade 20. The axle shaft 19 is rigidly fixed on an additional bracket 18. A cylindrical housing 21 with a bearing 22 is fixed on the blade 20. The blade 20 is made flat and is mounted on the axle shaft 19 with an internal shaft 22 side of the wing of the lancet paw 12 with the possibility of rotation around its axis and changing the installation angle to the direction of movement. The blade 20 forms an acute angle α between its flat side and the direction of movement of the cultivating cultivator. Depending on the first or second row-spacing processing, the required angle α of the blade installation 20 is determined by the ratio

where r is the blade radius;

θ is the contact angle of the blade with the soil;

H is the height of the soil ridge;

h is the depth of immersion of the blade into the soil;

γ is the angle of repose of the soil;

B is the width of the upper base of the soil ridge,

and set by rotating the additional disk 16 together with the additional bracket 18 and the axle shaft 19 about the axis 15 of the adjusting disk 14 and fix in the desired position by a bolt 23 inserted into one of the holes 17.

The distance S between the vertical axis of symmetry of the dumps 20 located on adjacent ridges 4 sections of a row cultivator, is determined by the formula

- дальность отбрасывания почвы одним отвалом, м;Where $$\ell$$

- range of soil casting by one dump, m;

V is the velocity of the discarded soil, m / s;

g - acceleration of free fall of the soil, m / s ² ;

β is the angle of elevation of the soil with the dump when it is discarded, deg.

The working bodies 5 are installed in the holders 8 with the ability to adjust the distance between the lower edges of the wings of the lancet paws 12 and the lower point of the copy wheel 6.

A roller 26 is mounted on the section of the row cultivator behind the working bodies 5 in the holder 24 by means of the hitch 25. The roller 26 contains a single horizontal axis 27 located perpendicular to the direction of movement of the row cultivator, lateral 28 and intermediate 29 discs, outer 30 and inner 31 drums. Side 28 and intermediate 29 discs are mounted on the axis 27 at regular intervals in the horizontal plane. The inner drum 31 is hollow, with a smooth outer surface, and the outer drum 30 is made spiral from a bar, the bar in the cross section having the shape of a triangle and with a sharp peak pointing in the opposite direction from the geometric axis of rotation of the roller 26.

Depending on the width of the protective zone a , the value of which is different in the first and second treatments, the required total width L of the roller 26 is determined by the formula

L = a -F,

where a is the row spacing, m;

F is the width of the protective zone, m,

and a roller 26 with appropriate dimensions is mounted on a row cultivator.

Row cultivator works as follows. The necessary distance between the working bodies 5 is established, depending on the first or second row-spacing processing to regulate the width of the protective zone of the row of plants, for which the holders 8 are moved along the guide brackets 7 in different directions from the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the bed 4 and fixed in the required position by a bolt 9. Set the depth of the lancet paws 12, for which the racks 10 in the holders 8 are moved and fixed with bolts 32, and the angle of attack of the dumps 20 to the direction of movement of the cultivator depending on the height of the plants.

When moving a cultivator with recessed working bodies, lancet paws 12 loosen the soil and cut weeds. Dumps 20, installed at an acute angle to the direction of movement of the cultivating cultivator, shift the top layer of soil from the row-spacing surface to the protective zones of plant rows, sprinkling uncultivated weed plants, suppressing their seedlings, and at the same time cultivating the cultivated plants so that a crest forms in the protective zone trapezoidal soil with dimensions: B is the width of the upper base of the soil ridge, H is the height of the soil ridge, γ is the angle of repose of the soil. The thickness of the powder layers of the soil (the height of the soil ridge) depends on the height of cultivated and weed plants and amounts to 4 ... 6 cm during the first row-spacing treatment, and 6 ... 8 cm during the second row-spacing.

The rollers 26 rotating behind the working bodies 5, during rotation, copy the surface topography of the field and the outer drums 30 made of spiral rods, in the cross section of a triangle shaped and with a sharp peak pointing in the opposite direction from the geometric axis of rotation of the roller 26, destroy soil lumps with simultaneous by loosening the soil layer to a depth of 2 ... 3 cm. Undestroyed soil lumps fall into the inner cavity of the outer drum 30, are additionally crushed by the inner drum 31 and spill out of the outer drum 30 to the surface of the field. Moreover, the maximum size of the destroyed soil lumps does not exceed the minimum size of soil lumps allowed by the agrotechnical requirements for inter-row cultivation. After the passage of the rollers 26, the topsoil has a loose and finely crumpled structure, which prevents the evaporation of moisture and the formation of cracks on the surface of the soil between rows of cultivated crops.

The presence of the guide brackets 7 allows the holders 8 to be moved along them in different directions from the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the row 3 to control the width of the protective zone of the row of plants and, accordingly, the necessary distance between the working bodies 5, depending on the first or second row-spacing.

The implementation of the blade 20 flat and installing it from the inside of the lancet paws 12 allows you to shift the soil into the protective zone of the row of cultivated crops without its turnover. The holes 17 on the periphery of the adjusting 14 and the additional 16 discs allow you to adjust the angle of the blade 20 relative to the direction of movement of the cultivator, as well as to set the blade 20 on the right or left side of the rack 10, to adjust the distance of the soil discarding, ensuring that the weeds fall asleep in the protective zone of cultivated plants with a layer of soil given thickness.

The implementation of the blade 20 flat and setting it in such a way that it forms an acute angle α between its flat side and the direction of movement of the cultivating cultivator, taking into account the necessary distance S between the vertical symmetry axes of the neighboring dumps 20, allows, depending on different types of soils and their physical -mechanical composition, to qualitatively perform inter-row cultivation with the formation of a ridge of the soil of the required size in the protective zone of the cultivated crop.

Sprinkling of weed plants in the protective zones of cultivated crops allows them to be suppressed, and the hilling of cultivated plants contributes to the formation of subordinate roots in them. At the same time, a soil layer 4 ... 6 cm thick allows you to fill in seedlings of weeds, preventing their germination, without prejudice to cultivated plants. In the second inter-row cultivation, a soil layer with a thickness of 6 ... 8 cm also allows you to fill in seedlings of weeds without damage to cultivated plants, while hilling cultivated plants, and create conditions for the development of subordinate roots of cultivated plants in it.

The installation of the working bodies 5 in the holders 8 with the ability to adjust the distance between the lower edges of the wings of the lancet paws 12 and the lower point of the copying wheel 6 allows you to adjust the depth of loosening of the soil depending on the first or second row cultivation.

The presence of rollers 26, containing a single axis 27, side 28 and intermediate 29 disks, inner 31 and outer 30 drums, allows not only to destroy the soil clumps remaining after the passage of the working bodies 5 with high quality, but also to destroy the soil clumps, as a result of which the soil surface It has a fuzzy structure.

The installation of lateral 28 and intermediate 29 discs on the axis 27 at equal intervals in the horizontal plane eliminates the deflection of the rod of the outer drum 30 towards the axis 27 of the roller 26 when they interact with hard lumps on the soil surface.

The execution of the outer drum 30 from the rod — the rod in the cross section having the shape of a triangle and with a sharp peak pointing in the opposite direction from the geometrical axis of rotation of the roller 26 — allows the bars to destroy the soil lumps with their sharp edges when interacting with soil lumps.

By improving the quality of inter-row cultivation of row crops by creating favorable temperature, water and air conditions for the development of plants, the yield of cultivated crops is increased.

Claims (1)

A cultivating cultivator, including a transverse beam, supporting wheels, parallelogram sections, ridges and working bodies, characterized in that the ridges contains a gauge wheel, guide brackets and holders, holders are installed in the guide brackets at an equal distance from the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the bed with the possibility of adjusting this distance , the working bodies are installed in the holders and contain the rack, lancet paw and bracket, the bracket is mounted on the rack, the adjustment disc is rigidly fixed to the bracket with an axis, an additional disk is mounted under the adjusting disk with the possibility of rotation around its axis, an additional bracket with a half shaft and a blade is rigidly fixed under the additional disk, the blade is mounted on the half shaft on the inside of the wing of the lancet foot, the blade is made flat and forms an acute angle α between its flat side and direction of movement of the cultivating cultivator, and the angle α has a size determined by the ratio

where r is the blade radius;
θ is the contact angle of the blade with the soil;
H is the height of the soil ridge;
h is the depth of immersion of the blade into the soil;
γ is the angle of repose of the soil;
B is the width of the upper base of the soil ridge,
the distance S between the vertical axis of symmetry of the dumps is determined by the formula

Where

- range of soil casting by one dump, m;
V is the velocity of the discarded soil, m / s;
g - acceleration of free fall of the soil, m / s ² ;
β is the angle of elevation of the soil with the dump when it is discarded, deg,
and behind the working bodies a roller is installed, the total width L of which is determined by the formula
L = a-F,
where a is the row spacing, m;
F - width of the protective zone, m

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