RU2490725C1 - Kushsaz - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: physics.

SUBSTANCE: saz has a hollow oval housing with a flat belly with a string holder, a saddle, a sound hole and a shell, a neck with a finger board and modal plates and a rectangular pegbox, placed on the upper end of the neck in continuation of the latter, and a set of strings. The instrument is further provided with a second neck with finger board, modal plates and a rectangular pegbox and a second set of strings. The belly is provided with a second sound hole, a second saddle, a second string holder and a second shell. Both necks with pegboxes and corresponding string holders, saddles, sound holes and shells are arranged on the hosing parallel to each other and symmetrically about the longitudinal axis of the instrument. The pegboxes are connected to each other by a rigid element, which is mounted from the end face of the pegboxes, or on the front surface of the pegboxes or partially overlapping it.

EFFECT: wider range of sounds and performance capabilities.

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Description

The invention relates to the production of folk plucked musical instruments such as a lute (tanbur. Ud. Saz).

A well-known national musical instrument is the Bashkir Dumbra [1], which contains a three-dimensional body in the form of a symmetrical polyhedron with flat lower and upper decks connected by a faceted shell. A shortened neck is attached to the body with a hollow dome-shaped ring head at the end, mounted with an inclination downward. The upper deck is equipped with a figured resonator hole, a threshold for a string and a string holder. Frets are glued into the neck of the neck. The instrument contains three strings, which are fastened with their upper ends to the ring head, and with the lower ends are attached to the string holder by means of buttons. During the game, the instrument is held in front of it with an inclination, lifting the neck of the instrument up. The tool is distinguished by the original design of the casing and the ring head, as well as the execution of the frets.

Famous national musical instrument “Saz”, containing a hollow oval body with a flat upper deck with a thread holder, a nut and a resonator hole, a shortened neck with a neck and fret plates, and strings that are attached to the string holder and a ring head at the end of the neck [2], taken for the prototype. Saz differs from the Bashkir Dumbra in a large number of strings (five), an original ring head and the presence of an armor on the upper deck, which together provides a variety of performing skills of a musician when performing national melodies in a solo or ensemble game.

The objective of the present invention is to provide a musical instrument with enhanced performing capabilities while maintaining the overall originality of playing lute musical instruments and the originality of the overall construction of the body of these instruments as a whole.

The problem is solved as follows.

According to the invention, Kushazaz, comprising a hollow oval body with a flat upper deck with a string holder, a nut, a resonator hole and an armor, an elongated neck with a neck and fret plates, a ring-shaped rectangular head mounted on the upper end of the neck during the latter, and a set of strings are additionally equipped a second elongated neck with a neck, fret plates and a rectangular rectangular head mounted on the upper end of the neck in the continuation of the latter, and a second set of strings. In this case, the upper deck is equipped with a second thread holder, a second nut and a second resonator hole, both neck with ring heads and the corresponding wire holders, thresholds and resonator holes are placed on the body parallel to each other symmetrically to the longitudinal axis of the instrument, and the ring heads are interconnected by a rigid element, fixed from the front side of the heads, or on the front surface of the heads, partially overlapping it.

The proposed construction of Kushsaz in comparison with the well-known Bashkir plucked musical instrument has the following distinctive features and advantages:

- the proposed design expands the range of sound and other performing capabilities of the proposed musical instrument;

- the name of the musical instrument “Kushsaz” means - two-note saz. The presence of two vultures on the elongated necks provides the quarto-quint tuning of one neck plus the quinto-quart tuning of the second neck. The resulting chromatic scale of the proposed musical instrument provides the ability to play musical works of all the peoples of Russia. The need to create the proposed folk musical instrument with a double signature stamp is due to the Ladomelodic feature of Bashkir music, since many folk tunes are based on the tonic-dominant (quarto-fifth) ratio of sounds. At the same time, on one neck of the quarto-fifth tuning (as in the prototype), it is possible to play melodies only with a similar modal basis. The second part of the pentotonic melodies is based on the tonic-subdominant (quinto-quart) ratio of the reference tones, which are provided by setting the second neck. In addition, tuning one neck half a second above the second provides modulation of the chorus.

- sound extraction of a melody by tremling and shaking on the first or second neck, depending on the melody played, provides the main melody, as well as the chord and rhythmic basis in the orchestra playing.

- equipping the proposed musical instrument with a rigid connecting element, fixed on the end or on the surface of the peg heads, increases the reliability of the structure, maintains the parallelism of the fingerboards relative to each other, eliminates the vibration of the peck heads during the game on the instrument. In addition, the implementation of a rigid connecting element in the form of a plate, fixed on the front surface of the heads and partially overlapping their surface, in addition to its main function (structural rigidity element) gives the instrument aesthetics, closing the pegs with the ends of the strings from the viewer.

The proposed construction of Kushsaz is technologically advanced in practical implementation, is available for beginner musicians to learn how to play, and is convenient for professionals to play. The presence of two vultures in a musical instrument provides the opportunity to reproduce Bashkir folk melodies with original color and orange, thereby attracting attention to the national culture and history of the peoples of Russia.

The applicant is not aware of such technical solutions used in the manufacture of plucked musical instruments such as a lute.

Figure 1 presents a design variant of a musical instrument Kushazaz, the head of which is connected by a connecting element in the form of a bar.

Figure 2 shows a design variant of a musical instrument Kushazaz, the head of which is connected by a connecting element in the form of a plate.

Kushazaz contains a hollow oval body made of a convex lower deck 1, a flat upper deck 2 and a shell 3. On the upper deck 2, stands-stands 4, 5 for strings, string holders 6, 7 are installed and resonant holes 8, 9 are made in the form of grouped small holes symmetrically spaced relative to each other. The upper deck 2 on the inside of the case is strengthened by a system of support strips (not shown in Fig.), Supported by the lower deck 1, which help the deck 2 withstand the string tension, and is equipped with a system of acoustic strips based on the shell (not shown in Fig.) . Elongated necks 10, 11 with vultures 12, 13 are secured to the upper part of the body by means of a thorn connection. Vultures 12, 13 are equipped with mortise fret plates 14, 15. A shell is fixed between the base of the vultures 12, 13 and resonant holes 8, 9 on the surface of the upper deck 2 16. The necks 10 and 11 are equipped with ring heads 17 and 18, respectively, each of which is made in the form of a hollow rectangle composed of their flat elements. The ring heads 17 and 18 are equipped with screw rings 19 mounted in the longitudinal grooves of the right and left sides of each of the heads (not shown in FIG.). In Fig. 1, the instrument has three strings 20 on each of the vultures 12, 13. The upper ends of the strings 20 are attached to the pegs 19, and the lower ends to the respective string holders 6 and 7. The spike heads 17, 18 are interconnected by a rigid connecting element 21 in the form of a wooden bar. The fastening of the connecting element 21 to the ring heads 17, 18 in FIG. not shown. This can be done by gluing, or using clamps, screws, etc.

In Fig.2, the rigid connecting element 21 is made in the form of a wooden plate fixed on the surface of the ring heads 17, 18 from the upper deck, partially covering the pegs 19. The surface of the connecting element 21 is artistically painted in the form of window shutters covering the pegs 19.

The proposed design of the Kushzaz musical instrument is simple in technical implementation. The original design and voluminous slightly elongated body give the appearance of this musical instrument a national touch. The Kushazaz musical instrument is made from coniferous or deciduous wood. Ladts 14, 15 are made of pieces of flexible material (copper wire, veins, fishing lines, etc.), or can be applied with paint. The design uses six single or double strings.

Through the external design (polishing, inlay) of the body, the musical instrument is given an original appearance, which allows you to decorate the orchestra. In this case, the shell 16 is also an element of the decor of a musical instrument.

Kushazaz is used as follows.

They play this musical instrument while sitting. The contractor holds the instrument on his lap in front of him, lifting the elongated necks 10, 11 up. With a second hand, the performer reproduces the melody and chords using the tricks of the game - rattling, tremolating, as well as shot, pinching strings and other tricks, by alternating these tricks, playing the first or second fretboard. The fret plates 14, 15 define the chromatic scale. The use of several identical Kushazases of the proposed design with shells 16 and / or vultures 12, 13 of various sizes allows you to diversify your performing skills when performing song-dance and program-instrumental melodies in a solo or ensemble game. The quart and quinto-quart tuning of strings of a two-finger instrument allows you to play folk melodies and works by composers of all nations of the world.

The originality of the design of the proposed musical instrument, the manufacturability of its manufacture, and the reliability of the design do not require special expensive equipment and equipment for manufacturing. The ease of use of Kushsaz makes it accessible for educating children, as well as for creating musical ensembles in remote areas of the region.

Claims (1)

A saz containing a hollow oval body with a flat upper deck with a string holder, a nut, a resonator hole and a shell, a neck with a fingerboard and fret plates, a rectangular head mounted on the upper end of the neck in the continuation of the latter, and a set of strings, characterized in that the instrument is additionally equipped with a second neck with a neck, frets and a rectangular head mounted on the upper end of the neck in the last, and a second set of strings, while the upper deck is equipped with a second string an opener, a second nut, a second resonator hole and a second shell, both necks with peg heads and their corresponding wire holders, sills, resonator holes and shells mounted on the body parallel to each other symmetrically to the longitudinal axis of the tool, and the pegs are interconnected by a rigid element, fixed from the front side of the heads, or on the front surface of the heads, partially overlapping it.

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