RU2489185C1 - Method of determining location of peat fire - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fire-fighting facilities.

SUBSTANCE: method relates to the field of forestry and can be used to determine location of forest fire. The method of determining the location of peat fire includes identifying the most fire-hazard peat-land areas, location of vertical wells on the areas. In the wells the perforated tubes are installed and they are filled with smoke-generating pyrotechnic composition. Coordinates of the well are recorded on the forest fire map. The patrol routes are distributed and patrol surveillance of smoke is conducted. Boundaries of fire are determined by location of smoke over the wells. The coordinates of fire are recorded on the forest smoke map. The tubes are filled with pyrotechnic composition in individual layers. The layers include smoke-generating substances which are different in color of the emitted smoke. The depth, the power of the individual layers and the color of emitted smoke is recorded on the forest fire map.

EFFECT: method provides improved accuracy of determining location of peat fire by fixing the depth of the fire front through filling in layers of perforated tubes by layers of different smoke-generators.

Description

The present invention relates to the field of forestry, and more specifically to methods for determining the location of a peat fire mainly on forest lands.

There is a method of determining the location of a fire by detecting smoke from aircraft that fly around the forest and fixing its location on a patrol map, described in the book: Shchetinsky EA Forest conservation. - Pushkino: VNIILM. 2001. S.133-135.

The disadvantage of this method is the increased level of observation costs due to the need to use aircraft.

There is also a method of determining the location of a forest fire, including determining the azimuths of observing smoke from observation towers, plotting azimuth lines on the plan of afforestation and using the coordinates of the intersection point to determine the location of a forest fire, described in the book: Shchetinsky EA Forest conservation. - Pushkino: VNIILM. 2001. S.139-141.

The disadvantage of this method is the low accuracy of determining the boundaries of an underground peat fire, which is formed within the burnup area of a surface fire, due to the low level of smoke in the fire zone and uniform smoke emission over its entire area.

The closest in technical essence and purpose of the proposed technical solution is a method of determining the location of a forest fire, including the allocation of the most fire-hazardous areas of peat bogs, placement of areas of vertical wells, installation of perforated pipes in the wells, filling the pipes with a pyrotechnic composition, fixing the coordinates of the wells on a fire map, and a breakdown patrol routes, patrol observation of smoke, determining the boundary of a fire by the location of smoke from wells, fixing it coordinates on the forest fire map described in RF patent No. 2294782 published March 10, 2005 in Bull. Number 7.

The disadvantage of this method is the impossibility of establishing the depth of the fire front of an underground peat fire. Which reduces the accuracy of the location of the peat fire.

The aim of the invention is to improve the accuracy of determining the location of a peat fire.

This goal is achieved by the fact that the pipes are filled with a pyrotechnic composition in separate layers, including smoke-generating substances that differ in the color of the smoke emitted, fix the depth, power of the individual layers and the color of the smoke emitted on the forest fire map.

The proposed method is implemented as follows. The most fire hazardous areas of peat bogs are identified. Vertical wells are evenly distributed over the area of the selected peatlands at a distance of 100 to 200 m. With a paddled drill, bore holes with a diameter of 15 cm are drilled to the mineral soil. At diameters less than 15 cm, it is difficult to evenly distribute pyrocomposition in the wells. An increase in well diameters of more than 15 cm increases the complexity of the work without a significant increase in the uniformity of the distribution of the pyro-composition. Pieces of perforated metal pipes are procured with a length not less than the height of the peat layer. Then the pipes are installed in the wells. They are filled in layers with a pyrotechnic composition. Each separate layer includes smoke-forming substances that differ in the color of the smoke emitted. The number of individual layers take at least three. With fewer layers, the accuracy of determining the depth of the fire front is reduced. An increase in the number of layers of more than three increases the complexity of the work without a significant increase in the accuracy of determining the depth of the fire front. The layers do not differ in power. This reduces the complexity of the work of fixing their position on the forest fire map. The power of a single layer is determined by dividing the length of the well by the number of layers. With a borehole length of 1.5 m and a number of layers - 3, the thickness of a separate layer will be 0.5 m. Iron, manganese, and copper compounds are used as smoke-generating substances. Ammonium nitrate mixed with a flame retardant is used as a pyrotechnic composition. The coordinates of the wells, the depth of the layers with various smoke-generating substances and the color of their smoke are marked on the fire map. Then observe the color of the pillars of smoke rising from the wells. The location of these wells and the color of the smoke determine the boundaries of the fire, the depth of the fire front and fix them on the forest fire map.

The duration of combustion of the pyrocomposition is taken at least 1 hour. During this period, the front of the underground fire cannot move further than 5 m from the well. After the underground fire is completed, the perforated pipes with a pyro-composition are replaced with new ones.

The wellhead is filled with a porous non-combustible composition, for example expanded clay. Expanded clay prevents fire contact of the pyro-composition with the surface when passing the front of a surface fire.

The distance between the wells is taken from 200 to 500 m. With a decrease in the distance between the wells less than 200 m, the cost of their installation increases significantly without significantly increasing the accuracy of determining the boundaries of an underground fire. With increasing distance between wells more than 500 m, the accuracy of determining the position of the boundary of an underground fire is unacceptably reduced.

The proposed method was tested in a dirt tray. A tray 0.5 m deep was charged with a peat layer 0.4 m thick; peat was covered with a layer of sand on top. In the tray, 6 model wells were installed, filled with three layers of pyrosostructure containing various smoke generators. A fire front was alternately formed in the tray in the upper, middle, and lower parts of the peat layer. The color and intensity of the smoke were recorded. In all cases, the wells, equipped with layers of a smoke generator, fixed the depth of the fire front with color.

The proposed method, in comparison with the analogue, provides an increase in the accuracy of establishing the location of a peat fire by fixing the depth of the fire front, due to the layer-by-layer filling of perforated pipes with separate layers of various smoke generators.

Claims (1)

A method for determining the location of a peat fire, including the allocation of the most fire-hazardous areas of peat bogs, placement of vertical wells by the area of areas, installation of perforated pipes in the wells, filling the pipes with smoke-generating pyrotechnic composition, fixing the coordinates of the wells on the fire map, patrolling the patrol routes, observing smoke, determining the boundary of the fire by the location of the smoke above the wells, fixing its coordinates on the forest fire map, characterized in that the pipes fill irotehnicheskim composition of the individual layers, including smoke-generating substance, but differ in the color of smoke emitted, fixed depth, the power of the individual layers and the color emitted smoke in the forest fire map.