RU2338566C1 - Method of forest fire site location - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method implies specifying the most fire-hazardous peatbog sectors, boring vertical wells on the sector area, installing perforated pipes into the wells, filling the pipes with smoke-forming pyrotechnic composition, putting the wells coordinates onto a forest fire map, developing patrol routes, patrol smoke monitoring, specifying the fire boundaries according to the location of smoke over the wells, fixing its coordinates on the forest fire map. Feature of novelty consists in the fact that the perforated pipes are put into waterproof thermoplastic cases prior to installation in the wells. The cases are made out of polymer film 100-150 mcm thick, for example polyethylene or polyvinylchloride. As compared to similar methods the proposed method of forest fire site location ensures 60% increase in accuracy of locating boundaries of the underground fire on the peatbogs which are occasionally underflooded by underground waters due to putting the perforated pipes into waterproof thermoplastic cases.

EFFECT: increasing accuracy of forest fire site location.

2 cl

Description

The present invention relates to the field of forestry, and more specifically to methods for determining the location of a forest fire mainly on peatlands.

There is a method of determining the location of a fire by detecting smoke from aircraft that fly around the forest and fixing its location on a patrol map, described in the book: Shchetinsky EA Forest conservation. - Pushkino: VNIILM. 2001. S.133-135.

The disadvantage of this method is the increased level of observation costs due to the need to use aircraft.

There is also a method of determining the location of a forest fire, including determining the azimuths of observing smoke from observation towers, plotting azimuth lines on the plan of afforestation and using the coordinates of the intersection point to determine the location of a forest fire, described in the book: Shchetinsky EA Forest conservation. - Pushkino: VNIILM. 2001. S.139-141.

The disadvantage of this method is the low accuracy of determining the boundaries of an underground peat fire, which is formed within the burnup area of a surface fire, due to the low level of smoke in the fire zone and uniform smoke emission over its entire area. Burning cavities are formed in the peat layer of the underground fire zone, into which fire fighting equipment and firefighters can fall.

The closest in technical essence and purpose of the proposed technical solution is a method of determining the location of a forest fire, including the allocation of the most fire-hazardous areas of peat bogs, placement of areas of vertical wells, installing perforated pipes in the wells, filling the pipes with smoke-generating pyrotechnic composition, fixing the coordinates of the wells on a firefight map, breakdown of patrol routes, patrol observation of smoke, determination of the boundary of a fire by the location of smoke from wells, f ksirovanie its coordinates on the map of the forest fire, described in the patent of the Russian Federation №2294782, 10.03.2005 published in the Bulletin. Number 7.

The disadvantage of this method is the low accuracy of determining the boundaries of an underground peat fire on peatlands, where periodically groundwater rises close to the surface of the site. Groundwater leaches smoke-generating composition from wells. When passing the front of an underground fire, such wells do not emit a column of smoke, which reduces the accuracy of determining the boundaries of an underground fire.

To eliminate this drawback, measures are required to eliminate the leaching of the smoke-generating composition from the wells.

The aim of the invention is to increase the accuracy of establishing the boundaries of an underground fire on peatlands with periodic rise in groundwater level.

This goal is achieved by the fact that prior to installation in wells, perforated pipes are placed in waterproof thermoplastic shells. Waterproof thermoplastic shells are made of a polymer film 100-150 microns thick, for example, polyethylene or polyvinyl chloride.

The proposed technical solution characterizes the following set of essential technical features.

1. The allocation of the most fire hazardous areas of peat bogs.

2. Placing the area of vertical wells, installing perforated pipes in the wells, filling the pipes with smoke-generating pyrotechnic composition.

3. Fixing the coordinates of the wells on the forest fire map.

4. Breakdown of patrol routes.

5. Patrol observation of smoke.

6. Determining the boundary of the fire by the location of the smoke above the wells and fixing its coordinates on the forest fire map.

And distinguishing features:

7. Before installation in wells, perforated pipes are placed in waterproof thermoplastic shells.

8. The shells are made of a polymer film with a thickness of 80 to 100 μm, for example, polyethylene or polyvinyl chloride.

The specified set of essential features is sufficient, and each of them is necessary to achieve the objective of the invention.

The allocation of the most fire hazardous areas of peatlands reduces the cost of fire-fighting measures.

Placing the area of sections of vertical wells with perforated pipes filled with a smoke-generating composition, and fixing their coordinates on a forest fire map, allows you to record the fire front in the thickness of the peat bog. Breakdown of patrol routes and patrol observation of smoke provide timely fixation of the fire. Determining the boundary of a fire by the location of smoke from wells and fixing its coordinates on a forest fire map provide an accurate definition of the boundary of an underground fire and the transmission of operational information to the entire forest protection service.

In the spring and autumn periods of wet years on peat bogs, groundwater rises to the surface of the site. Groundwater leaches part or all of the smoke-generating composition from the wells. These wells do not emit a column of smoke when the front of an underground fire passes through them. This reduces the accuracy of determining the boundary of an underground fire. To eliminate this disadvantage of the known method, measures are required to eliminate the flushing of smoke-generating pyrotechnic composition from the wells.

Distinctive features provide a solution to this problem.

The waterproof shell eliminates the contact of groundwater with the smoke-forming pyrotechnic composition and prevents its washing out of the wells. The thermoplastic shell is easily burned by the flame of the front of an underground fire and provides fire contact with the smoke-forming pyrotechnic composition. The shell of a polymer film with a thickness of 100-150 microns has sufficient mechanical strength when moving perforated pipes along the walls of the well. A film sheath less than 100 microns thick has insufficient mechanical strength. An increase in the thickness of the polymer film in excess of 150 μm increases the cost of the polymer material without a significant increase in the mechanical strength of the shell.

The essence of the proposed technical solution illustrates an example.

The most fire hazardous areas of peatlands with a peat depth of 1.7 m and a depth of groundwater in the summer period of 1.8 meters are distinguished. Peat bogs are free from buried large wood residues. In spring and autumn, in some years, a rise in the level of groundwater to the surface of the plots is noted. Vertical wells are evenly distributed over the area of the selected peatland areas at a distance of 240 m. With a paddle drill, bore holes with a diameter of 10 cm are drilled to a depth of 1.7 m to the mineral soil. At diameters less than 10 cm, it is difficult to evenly distribute the pyro-composition in the wells. An increase in well diameters of more than 10 cm increases the complexity of the work without a significant increase in the uniformity of the distribution of the pyro-composition. Pieces of perforated metal pipes are prepared at least 1.7 m long. Pipes are put into polymer waterproof shells made of a 150 μm thick polyethylene film. Then the pipes are installed in the wells. They are filled with smoke-forming pyrotechnic composition. As a pyrotechnic composition, ammonium nitrate mixed with a smoke-forming component and a combustion retardant is used. The coordinates of the wells are marked on the forest fire map. Then observe pillars of smoke rising from the wells. The location of these wells determines the boundaries of the fire and fix them on the forest fire map.

The duration of combustion of the pyrocomposition is taken at least 1 hour. During this period, the front of the underground fire cannot move further than 5 m from the well. After the underground fire is completed, the pyro-composition and waterproof shells burnt in the pipes are replaced with new ones. The wellhead is filled with a porous non-combustible composition, for example expanded clay. Expanded clay prevents fire contact of the pyro-composition with the surface when passing the front of a surface fire.

The distance between the wells is taken from 200 to 500 m. With a decrease in the distance between the wells less than 200 m, the cost of their installation increases significantly without significantly increasing the accuracy of determining the boundaries of an underground fire. With increasing distance between wells more than 500 m, the accuracy of determining the position of the boundary of an underground fire is unacceptably reduced.

The proposed method was tested in a dirt tray. A tray 0.5 m deep was charged with a peat layer 0.4 m thick; peat was covered with a layer of sand on top. In the tray were installed 10 model wells filled with a pyro-composition. In five wells, perforated pipes were placed in polymer shells. The tray was flooded with water, and then the water was discarded. Flooding and water discharge cycles were repeated 50 times. Then they set fire to peat. All polymer-coated wells emitted persistent smoke. Only above two wells (40%) without polymer shells did unstable columns of smoke rise.

The proposed method is permissible to apply only to peatlands that do not contain buried wood residues. Wood residues destroy watertight shells when perforated pipes are installed in wells and groundwater is washed out of them with pyrocomposition.

Thus, the reliability and accuracy of determining the boundaries of a forest fire by smoke above wells with pipes placed in waterproof shells, compared with wells without these shells, is increased by 60%.

Compared with the analogue, the proposed method for determining the location of a forest fire increases the accuracy of determining the location of the boundaries of an underground fire on periodically recessed peat bogs by 60% due to the installation of perforated pipes placed in waterproof thermoplastic shells in the wells and observation of smoke columns above them.

Claims (2)

1. A method of determining the location of a forest fire, including the allocation of the most fire-hazardous areas of peat bogs, placement of vertical wells by the area of areas, installation of perforated pipes in the wells, filling the pipes with smoke-generating pyrotechnic composition, fixing the coordinates of the wells on the firefighting map, breaking down patrol routes, patrolling smoke observation, determining smoke the boundaries of the fire by the location of the smoke above the wells, fixing its coordinates on the fire map, characterized in that before installation perforated pipes are placed in wells in waterproof thermoplastic shells. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the waterproof thermoplastic shells are made of a polymer film 100-150 μm thick, for example, polyethylene or polyvinyl chloride.