RU2408906C1 - Method of reducing volcano dynamic effects on environment during eruption - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: physics.

SUBSTANCE: full-scale system of analyses is conducted. A loosed zone around the volcano under the crater plug is created based on said analysis. A magma carrying channel is created through directed explosion. A filtration apparatus is built in parallel over the orifice of the volcano. A powerful grid with baffle plates made from high-temperature metal is mounted over the orifice of the volcano on posts made from concrete pile and iron pipes filled with concrete. The grid is mounted with possibility of vertical displacement on pipes with shock-absorbers. Polymer chambers filled with water (heat-absorbing liquid) are placed on the grid. At the last step, pipes are laid and a powerful pump which sucks the mixture of gases and ash from under the reinforced concrete roof into a pool with water is fitted.

EFFECT: reduced adverse effects of volcano eruption on the environment.

3 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of environmental protection, in particular to environmental safety, and can be used in the construction of cities and engineering facilities, as well as in the development of minerals near active volcanoes.

There is a method of reducing the dynamic effects of a volcano on the environment during its eruption, which includes a full range of studies, according to which the possible hypocenter of the earthquake and the probable period of volcanic eruption, the depth and intensity of the block system of the reference belt, the depth of the zone of accumulation of magma and the zone of its possible melting , based on the data obtained, a loosened zone is created in the slope of the volcano under the crater plug, while depending on the topography and depth of the accumulation zone magmas, as well as the depths of the reference belt, drill wells from the surface or from the adit conducted for this purpose to the center of the volcano, moreover, boreholes are used to pre-weaken the rock mass at the first stage by hydraulic fracturing, and leaching is used in the second stage to weaken the rock, after creating the loosened zone creates a channel for magma removal by the method of directional explosion [1].

This method will to some extent reduce the shocking effect of the eruption on the Earth's surface, which, together with an increase in the earthquake resistance of buildings, will preserve nearby cities. The outpouring of magma is also brought into a controlled channel. However…

The volcanic eruption is also accompanied by a spread of stones and ash over large areas. But the question of reducing the influence of these factors is neither considered in this method, nor in others [2, 3].

The above method [1] is taken by us as a prototype. The present invention is essentially an extension of it.

The aim of the invention is to provide a method for reducing the impact of the emission of stones and ash during the eruption of the volcano on the environment.

This goal is achieved in the following way.

To reflect and partially crush stones when they are ejected on risers made of reinforced concrete piles and iron pipes filled with concrete, a powerful grating with chippers is installed, on top of which polymer chambers are placed with water or heat-absorbing liquid pouring out at the time of the explosion, thereby reducing the impact energy of the explosion , and the ash is wetted and coagulated into larger fractions, prone to precipitation. To ensure the rupture of the polymer chambers, a network of barbed wire is stretched over them. Then, through the hatch of the concrete vault, the ash and gas flow is pumped out by the pump and sent through the pipeline to the pool with water for further cleaning.

The drawing shows a vertical section of the rock mass: 1 - crater, 2 - mouth, 3 - cork, 4 - accumulation of magma and gas, 5 - outlet channel of magma, 6 - reference belt, 7 - city, 8 - zone of possible melting, 9 - wells, 10 — loosened zone, and also a view of the filtration unit from the side: 11 — dome of the concrete vault, 12 — manhole, 13 — risers, 14 — lattice, 15 — shock absorbers, 16 — polymer chambers, 17 — barbed wire network, 18 — pipeline, 19 - pump, 20 - pond. At all levels of the filtration unit, pressure sensors, temperature sensors, various measuring equipment, gas analyzers are installed.

From the moment the volcano awakens, they begin preparations for the implementation of a pre-designed environmental protection project, part of which is the implementation of the objectives of this invention: they determine the possible hypocenter of the earthquake and the probable period of volcanic eruption, the depth and intensity of the block system of the reference belt, the depth of the accumulation zone of magma and the zone its possible melting. Based on scientific data, measures are being taken to create a loosened zone 10 in order to facilitate the exit of magma to the surface, a branch channel 5 is being built, and measures are being taken at other points of the project.

In parallel, a filtration plant is being built. The shape (circular or elongated) depends on the terrain. Above the volcano’s vent, on risers 13 made of concrete piles and iron pipes filled with concrete, a powerful grid is mounted with chippers made of heat-resistant metal 14, with the possibility of vertical movement through pipes with shock absorbers 15, onto which polymer chambers 16 are placed, which are filled with water (heat-absorbing liquid). At the last stage, a pipeline is laid and a powerful suction pump is installed.

When the volcano explodes, large stones break into the bumpers of the lattice and are delayed by it. With strong impacts, the grille dampens on the springs, which prevents its destruction.

Under pressure from a mixture of gas, small stones and ash, the polymer chambers burst and pour out the contents, extinguishing the energy of the explosion.

At the signal of the pressure sensor, a powerful pump automatically turns on, pumping the mixture out from under the reinforced concrete dome and directing it into the reservoir for further cleaning.

The proposed method will significantly reduce the detrimental effects of a volcano explosion on the environment.

Information sources

1. RU 2351964 C2, G01V 9/00, 2006.

2. RU 2231092 C2, G01V 9/00, 2003.

3. RU 2098850 C1, 1997.

Claims (3)

1. A method of reducing the dynamic effects of a volcano on the environment during its eruption, including the creation of a loosened zone in the slope of the volcano under the crater plug and magma removal channel by the directional explosion method, characterized in that a filtration unit consisting of a powerful grating with shock absorbers is mounted above the volcano’s vent, mounted on reinforced concrete risers with the possibility of vertical compliance with a strong impact. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the polymer chambers filled with water or a heat-absorbing liquid are laid on the grate. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a reinforced concrete arch with a hatch in the center is mounted on risers from above, from which a pipeline with a pump is laid for pumping a mixture of gas and ash from under the dome into the water pool.