RU2393312C1 - Method of decreasing dynamic impacts of volcano on environment at its eruption - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.

SUBSTANCE: method involves complex of full-scale investigations, on the basis of which there created is loosened area in volcano flank under crater plug, and channel for discharging magma by means of directed blast. In addition, around the crater there built is tent from high-strength and fire-resistant polymers with the aerodynamics typical for aeronautical balloons with burner or parachute systems, on the dome of which there fixed are pressure sensors, temperature sensors and gas analysers, which under influence of gas and steam leaving the volcanic neck moves upwards and is remote controlled by means of ropes with tension device, which allows restricting the spread of stones and ash beyond the volcanic crater limits.

EFFECT: decreasing dynamic impacts of volcano on environment during its eruption.

2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of environmental protection, in particular to environmental safety, and can be used in the construction of cities and engineering facilities, as well as in the development of minerals near active volcanoes.

There is a method of reducing the dynamic effects of a volcano on the environment during its eruption, which includes a full range of studies, according to which the possible hypocenter of the earthquake and the probable period of volcanic eruption, the depth and intensity of the block system of the reference belt, the depth of the zone of accumulation of magma and the zone of its possible melting , based on the data obtained, a loosened zone is created in the slope of the volcano under the crater plug, while depending on the terrain and the depth of the accumulation zone magmas, as well as the depths of the reference belt, drill wells from the surface or from the adit conducted for this purpose to the center of the volcano, moreover, boreholes are used for preliminary weakening of the massif at the first stage by hydraulic fracturing, and leaching is used at the second stage of weakening of the massif, after creating the loosened zone creates a channel for magma removal by the method of directional explosion [1].

This method will to some extent reduce the shocking effect of the eruption on the earth's surface, which, together with the increase in the earthquake resistance of buildings, will preserve nearby cities. The outpouring of magma is also brought into a controlled channel. However, the volcanic eruption is also accompanied by a spread of stones and ash over large areas. But the question of reducing the influence of these factors is neither considered in this method, nor in others [2, 3].

The above method is taken by the authors as a prototype. The present invention is essentially an extension of it.

The aim of the invention is to provide a method for reducing the impact of the emission of stones and ash during the eruption of the volcano on the environment. This goal is achieved by covering the volcano crater with a tent.

Figure 1 shows a vertical section of the rock: 1 - crater, 2 - vent, 3 - cork, 4 - accumulation of magma and gas, 5 - outlet channel of magma, 6 - reference belt, 7 - city, 8 - zone of possible melting, 9 - Makhorovich’s section, 10 — loosened zone, and also a side view of the tent: 11 — tent dome, 12 — polymer cable, 13 — tension device, 14 — safety valve, 15 — pressure sensors, temperature sensors, 16 — equipment belt, 17 - gas analyzers, 18 - video cameras, 19 - satellite dish.

Figure 2 presents a view of the tent from above: 11 - the dome of the tent, 12 - polymer cable, 13 - tension device, 14 - safety valve, 15 - instrument belt, 16 - pressure sensors, temperature sensors, 17 - gas analyzers, 18 - video cameras, 19 - satellite dish.

From the moment the volcano awakens, they begin preparations for the implementation of a pre-designed environmental protection project, part of which is the implementation of the objectives of this invention: they determine the possible hypocenter of the earthquake and the probable period of volcanic eruption, the depth and intensity of the block system of the reference belt, the depth of the accumulation zone of magma and the zone possible melting of magma. Based on scientific data, measures are being taken to create a loosened zone in order to facilitate the exit of magma to the surface, a bypass channel is being built, and measures are being taken at other points of the project.

At the same time, a tent is being created from high-strength and heat-resistant polymers with aerodynamics inherent to aeronautical balloons with a burner or parachute systems. Around the center of the tent is created an instrument belt with various sensors for scientific observation and control of the rise of the tent. Polymer cables are attached to the tent. The tent is packed like a parachute, and delivered to the crater of the volcano by helicopter. Then, with machines, tractors, with the help of cables, it is pulled across the terrain with the center of the tent against the vent of the volcano. The ends of the cables are wound into tensioning devices. At a safe distance, video cameras are installed around the crater.

Data from sensors, video cameras and equipment are automatically sent to the assembly point and transmitted by a satellite antenna to the control center and to all interested scientific centers around the world.

As the volcano wakes up, the flow of gas and steam increases, under the influence of which the tent will rise up. Through the cameras will monitor its rise, and remotely controlled tensioning devices will center the tent relative to the vent of the volcano (how the parachute is controlled by slings).

When stones and ash are ejected from the mouth of a volcano, a durable (now polymers are stronger than metal) dome of the tent will protect the terrain from their dispersion. The more rapid the ejection of stones and ash, the higher the dome will rise, while its height is algorithmically associated with pressure and temperature sensors. In an emergency, the safety valve will operate.

The compact accumulation of stones and ash creates an opportunity for their use in the national economy.

Creating a loosened zone in the rock mass is a high-cost event with a probabilistic positive outcome. Creating a protective tent is simpler, more real and less expensive. The present invention can be used independently (without RU 2351964 C2, G01V 9/00).

Information sources

1. RU 2351964 C2, G01V 9/00, 2006.

2. RU 2231092 C2, G01V 9/00, 2003.

3. RU 2098850 C1, 1997.

Claims (1)

A method of reducing the dynamic effects of a volcano on the environment during its eruption, including the creation of a loosened zone in the volcano’s slope under the crater plug and magma removal channel by the directional explosion method, characterized in that an additional tent is created around the crater from high-strength and heat-resistant polymers with aerodynamics inherent to aeronautical balls with a burner or parachute systems, on the dome of which pressure sensors, temperature sensors and gas analyzers are mounted, which under the action of escaping gas and steam of volcano crater rises up and operated remotely by a cable with the tensioning device, which allows to limit the expansion of the stones and ash for pridely crater.

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