RU2434096C1 - Method to reduce dynamic effects of volcano at environment as it erupts - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: ecology. ^ SUBSTANCE: method includes a complex of survey in full scope, which is used as the basis to develop a loose area at a volcano slope under a crater plug and a magma drainage channel is developed by the method of directed blast. A cover-like structure is created around the crater, which is made of a metal electrified grill with stiffening ribs and is raised with the help of balloons or dirigibles at the required height upwards and is controlled remotely by means of ropes with tightening devices. An apron of high-strength and fireproof polymers is attached to the lower part of the design along its perimetre, which makes it possible to limit throwout of stones, crushed stones and sand, and also to filter a flow of heat from dispersed particles. Around the crater and along the volcano slopes there are pipes laid with nozzles, along which foaming or heat-absorbing liquid is injected, which coagulates ash particles and makes them fall near the crater. ^ EFFECT: reduced effect of stones and ash throwout in process of volcano eruption at environment. ^ 2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of environmental protection, in particular to environmental safety, and can be used in the construction of cities and engineering facilities, as well as in the development of minerals near active volcanoes. The relevance of the invention.

This year there was a volcano explosion in Iceland. A cloud of ash for a week interrupted all flights of the aircraft, which caused a loss of 4 billion dollars. and a lot of trouble for people. With all the fantastic equipment of the 21st century, no effects on the ash cloud were made to clean the airspace of Europe.

Scientists accurately predicted the time of the eruption and notified the population. But no recommendations were made to eliminate the ash cloud. We have many active volcanoes in Kamchatka and airspace pollution occurs more often than in Iceland.

Local authorities took some actions: they dug a magma drainage channel and watered the magma from fire hoses. These measures have yielded a positive result. That's all. In general, the measures are not sufficient and the relevance of creating a way to reduce the dynamic effects of the volcano on the environment and, in particular, to clean the air from ash clouds is an urgent task.

There is a method of reducing the dynamic effects of a volcano on the environment during its eruption, which includes a full range of studies, according to which the possible hypocenter of the earthquake and the probable period of volcanic eruption, the depth and intensity of the block system of the reference belt, the depth of the zone of accumulation of magma and the zone of its possible melting , based on the data obtained, a loosened zone is created in the slope of the volcano under the crater plug, while depending on the topography and depth of the accumulation zone magmas, as well as the depths of the reference belt, drill wells from the surface or from the adit conducted for this purpose to the center of the volcano, moreover, boreholes are used to pre-weaken the rock mass at the first stage by hydraulic fracturing, and leaching is used in the second stage to weaken the rock, after creating the loosened zone creates a channel for magma removal by the method of directional explosion [1].

This method will to some extent reduce the shocking effect of the eruption on the earth's surface, which, together with the increase in the earthquake resistance of buildings, will preserve nearby cities. The outpouring of magma is also brought into a controlled channel. However, the volcanic eruption is also accompanied by a spread of stones and ash over large areas. But the question of reducing the influence of these factors is neither considered in this method, nor in others [2, 3, 4].

The above method is taken by us as a prototype [1]. The present invention is essentially an extension of it. But, in order to reduce costs and reduce the amount of work and the term of putting the filtration facility into operation, this method can be used independently (without drilling expensive wells).

The aim of the invention is to provide a method for reducing the impact of stones and ash during the volcanic eruption on the environment, especially dispersed particles of ash, which are spread over considerable distances and, being in the atmosphere, impede aeroflot communications. This goal is achieved by creating around the crater a volcano with a tent structure made of an electrified metal mesh with stiffeners and a hanging apron made of high-strength and heat-resistant polymers. The tent structure rises to the proper height with the help of balloons (stratostats) or airships.

Of the variety of polymers under extreme conditions of volcanic eruption, CARBON PLASTICS are the most acceptable. The filler in these polymer composites are carbon fibers, which are obtained from synthetic and natural fibers based on cellulose, copolymers of acrylonitrile oil and coal tar pitch, etc.

On the basis of carbon fibers and a carbon matrix, composite carbon-graphite materials are created that can withstand temperatures up to 3000 degrees in inert or reducing environments for a long time. CFRPs are very lightweight and at the same time durable materials [5]. For example, a polymer of this class, called “Hypol”, has the following parameters: operating temperature up to 2000 degrees, chemical inertness to oxidizing media, does not burn, 1.5 times lighter than aluminum (htt: //highpol.com/). Of interest is the latest development of Russian scientists - the graphite polymer, which has special and exotic properties (https://newchemistry.ru/). Carbon thin films obtained from these polymers can be used as an apron of the above construction. Because Since all carbon plastics conduct current well, an electrified apron, in addition to protective functions, can coagulate and absorb suspended dust particles.

The material for balloons is usually elastomers, i.e. natural or synthetic rubbers. Rubber has the ability to stretch reversibly up to 900%. Scientific equipment, sensors, video cameras, transmitters of video and telemetric information, a source of electrification of the grid and power of scientific equipment (wind turbine) are fixed on the structure. Duplicate the power supply from the ground via wires attached to the tension cables.

The carrying capacity of the balls is practically unlimited. Figure 1 shows a vertical section of the rock: 1 - crater, 2 - vent, 3 - cork, 4 - accumulation of magma and gas, 5 - outlet channel of magma, 6 - reference belt, 7 - city, 8 - zone of possible melting, 9 - field of physical impact (vibrational, magnetic or ultrasonic), 10 - loosened zone, as well as a side view of the metal tent structure:

14 - metal mesh with stiffeners 15, 23 - polymer apron, 25 - automatic tensioner with a cable - 24, 21 - safety valve, 1 - balloon (stratostat) or airship, 13 - hardware compartment, 22 - scientific and instrumental belt with sensors - 16, a pipeline with nozzles 17, an electric power source (wind turbine) - 12, a satellite repeater - 19, a ground surveillance camera - 18, an air surveillance camera - 20.

Figure 2 presents a top view of the structure:

15 - stiffeners (hoops), 21 - safety valve, 22 - scientific-instrumental belt, 23 - polymer apron, 24 - cable, 25 - tension automatic device, 18 - ground surveillance camera.

From the moment the volcano awakens, they begin preparations for the implementation of a pre-designed environmental project, part of which is the implementation of the objectives of this invention: they determine the possible hypocenter of the earthquake and the probable period of volcanic eruption, the depth and intensity of the block system of the reference belt, the depth of the accumulation zone of magma and possible melting of magma. Based on scientific data, measures are being taken to create a loosened zone in order to facilitate the exit of magma to the surface, a bypass channel is being built, and measures are being taken at other points of the project.

At the same time, on a flat meadow near the volcano, a tent-like structure of prefabricated elements is assembled. The design is simple and can be assembled in a short time. The design is equipped with sensors, scientific equipment, tracking elements and automatic control. Balls (stratostats) are filled with gas, the whole structure rises into the air to a small height, and with the help of machines it is transported by ropes to the volcano, and fixed using tensioning devices.

Along the slope and around the mouth of the volcano, a pipeline with nozzles for foaming or heat-absorbing liquid is laid. At a safe distance in the shelters around the crater, video cameras are installed.

Data from sensors, video cameras and equipment are automatically sent to the assembly point and transmitted by a satellite antenna to the control center and to all interested scientific centers around the world.

As the volcano awakens, the influx of gas and steam increases. Depending on their pressure and temperature, balloons with a tent-like construction can automatically or at the command of the operator rise or fall (be pulled by tensioning devices).

By means of video cameras, the rise of the balls will be monitored and remotely controlled tensioning devices will center the tent relative to the vent of the volcano.

The metal grid can be electrified from batteries or a windmill installed in the equipment compartment, and electricity must be duplicated from the ground via a cable laid along the cables. At the same time, in order to eliminate charge leakage to the ground, the cables are fixed on the tent structure through insulators.

When stones and ash are ejected from the mouth of a volcano, a sturdy tent construction will protect the terrain from scattering. The more rapid the ejection of stones and ash, the higher the balls with the structure will rise, while the rise height is algorithmically associated with pressure and temperature sensors. In an emergency, the safety valve will operate.

Foam or water "bath" created by the outflow of liquid under pressure from nozzles located around the vent, contributes to the coagulation of small fractions of ash and their precipitation near the volcano.

An electrified metal mesh contributes to the adherence of dispersed ash particles to it, so annoying the work of aviation: windows are closed to limit visibility, and engines are turned off.

According to the loop of gas and ash, it is possible to lift metal grids of any configuration on balloons: flat, curved by an arc, etc.

Creating a loosened zone in the rock mass is a high-cost event with a probabilistic positive outcome. The creation of a protective filtering structure from a metal mesh is simpler, more real and less expensive. This method will significantly reduce the losses of air companies from ash clouds, while making up 4 billion dollars, and the volcano is still smoking. In 1820, the volcanic eruption lasted 2 years. How much trouble and cost can an eruption of only one volcano bring. And there are many of them on Earth.

Information sources

1. RU 2 351 964 C2, G01V 9/00, 2006.

2. RU 2 231 092 C2, G01V 9/00, 2003.

3. RU 2098850 C1, 1997.

4. RU 2343508 C1, 2009.

5. Konkin A.A. Carbon and other heat-resistant fibrous materials. M .: Higher school, 2004.

Claims (2)

1. A method of reducing the dynamic effects of the volcano on the environment during its eruption, including the creation of a loosened zone in the volcano’s slope under the crater plug and the magma removal channel by the directional explosion method, characterized in that a tent-like structure is created around the crater, consisting of a metal electrified mesh with stiffeners , which with the help of balloons or airships rises to the proper height up and is controlled remotely by means of cables with tensioning devices, in addition to bo ttom of the structure on its perimeter is secured apron of heat-resistant and high-strength polymers, which can restrict scattering of stones, gravel and sand, and filter ash from the stream of dispersed particles. 2. A method of reducing the dynamic effects of a volcano on the environment during its eruption according to claim 1, characterized in that pipes with nozzles are laid around the crater and along the slopes of the volcano, along which a foaming or heat-absorbing liquid is pumped, which coagulates the ash particles and contributes to their precipitation near crater.

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