RU2488747C2 - System of air conditioning in passenger car compartment - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: ventilation.

SUBSTANCE: air conditioning system comprises the first stage, equipped with a fan with an air filter, a modular compartment conditioning plant, which is additionally equipped with a fan at the outlet of cooled air, at the same time its heat exchanger is made in the form of a thermoelectric element, in which hot and cold plates are separated with a partition, at the same time the air flow from the hot plate is sent into a hot air discharge manifold.

EFFECT: provision of the possibility of smooth control of air temperature in a compartment and increased comfort due to individual control of air temperature in each passenger seat.

5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to air conditioning systems in a passenger carriage, which provides for the possibility of individual control of the air temperature in the compartment in the area of each passenger individually.

A known air conditioning system for a passenger car based on one common air conditioning unit, designed for the whole car as a whole (see Faerstein Yu.O., Kitaev BN, Air conditioning in passenger cars. - M. Transport. 1984). The air conditioner provides the entire carriage with conditioned air through long air ducts with inevitable loss of flow and air temperature, which leads to an uneven temperature field in different rooms along the length of the carriage.

A significant drawback of this air conditioning system is that in the event of an air conditioner failure, the car must be removed from the line for continuous repairs. Removing a wagon from a route is associated with the need to provide passengers with another wagon to follow or transfer to another train. This, in turn, causes delays of passengers on the way and their material claims to the railway.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed invention (prototype) is a combined air conditioning system for passenger cars with individual control by compartment (SLE PV) is installed on passenger compartment cars of the 1st class and LUX class and is designed to create individually comfortable conditions for passengers in each individual compartment of the car. SCR PV operates in both cooling and heating air modes in a compartment with the ability to regulate the temperature by passengers themselves (see VA Zharikov. Systems for individual regulation of air temperature in a compartment of passenger cars. VESTNIK VNIIZHT, 2006. No. 4).

The combined air conditioning system is built according to a two-stage functional scheme: the first stage is cooling using the indirect evaporation effect (water evaporated as a working medium); the second stage - cooling (heating) in the area of each passenger in the compartment. This functional diagram allows you to realize the possibility of individual regulation of the air temperature in the compartment at the request of passengers.

The main element of the first stage is the indirect-evaporative cooling heat exchanger (TKIO). The auxiliary air stream from the “wet” channels of the SCWD is thrown out through a special deflector, and the cooled air from the dry channels of the SCWC enters the central duct located along the wagon.

The main elements of the second stage are thermoelectric closers, which simultaneously serve as air-dispensing devices. Air passing through the “cold” radiators of the closer is additionally cooled and enters the compartment. Each of the thermoelectric closers is made according to the “air-liquid” scheme. In this case, the hot junctions of thermoelectric closers are cooled by water pumped in a closed circuit through a heat exchanger located under the car. The use of water as a working fluid determines the environmental cleanliness of the system.

A significant disadvantage of the prototype is that its use is based on the use of water as a working fluid. This requires an extended line located under the bottom of the car to cool the water itself. The presence of an extended line and nodes of its articulation is associated with leaks, especially under the influence of vibration when the car moves along the route, and also complicates the operation of the system as a whole.

The proposed air conditioning system in the compartment of a passenger carriage provides the possibility of smooth regulation of cooling capacity, increasing the reliability of the system, as well as individual regulation of air temperature in the zone of each passenger compartment according to their individual wishes in the range of creating the most comfortable conditions.

The technical result, which is achieved by the claimed device, is ensured by the fact that the air conditioning system in the car is made according to a two-stage scheme: the first stage, which includes a central air duct located along the entire car, as well as a hot air discharge line with a fan, and the second stage represents block air-conditioning compartment units, the number of which is equal to the number of seats in the compartment in the carriage, while the first stage is additionally equipped with a vent Yator air filter block compartment conditioning installation further fitted with a fan at the exit of cooled air, and its heat exchanger configured as a thermoelectric element, in which the hot and cold plate separated by a partition, wherein the air flow is directed from the hot plate to the hot air discharge manifold. Thermoelectric units, each of which is equipped with a fan, simultaneously serve as air-dispensing devices.

The discharge of hot air is also carried out in a common highway passing through the entire car.

In more detail, the essence of the claimed air conditioning system for a passenger car is illustrated by drawings and photographs:

- figure 1 shows the placement of the first stage of the inventive air conditioning system of a passenger car;

- figure 2 presents a diagram of the connection of thermoelectric blocks to the highway of the first stage of the car air conditioning system;

- figure 3 shows a thermoelectric unit;

- figure 4 shows a diagram of a thermoelectric block;

- figure 5 shows the placement of thermoelectric blocks in a compartment of a passenger car.

The inventive air conditioning system of passenger cars with individual regulation by compartment is designed to create individually comfortable conditions for passengers at each individual seat in the compartment of the car. The air conditioning system operates in both cooling and heating modes in the compartment with the ability to control the temperature by the passengers themselves.

The main elements of the system are the supply air fan, thermoelectric units (one for each seat in each compartment), which simultaneously serve as air distribution devices, a control system and a voltage converter.

The air conditioning system consists of a first and second stage (figure 1). The main element of the first stage is an air intake fan 1 with a filter 2 and a highway 3 running throughout the car. The second stage of the car air conditioning system consists of individual thermoelectric units 4 (one for each seat in each compartment) connected by a computer control system based on a modern C-BUS and connected via pipes 5 to the main line 3 of the first stage (Fig. 2).

The thermoelectric unit is made in the form of a single replaceable module (figure 3).

At the entrance to the housing 8 of the thermoelectric unit 4, an additional discharge fan 7 is installed, which directs the air flow from the highway 3 of the first stage (Fig. 4). The air flow enters the thermoelectric element, which is a small-sized solid-state heat pump, pumping heat energy with the passage of direct current. Structurally, the thermoelectric element consists of series-connected pairs of semiconductor elements (bismuth telluride crystals of the "p" and "n" types) soldered between parallel ceramic plates. When a constant current supply of the required polarity is applied (due to the Peltier effect), the junctions of one plate 9 are heated and the junctions of the other plate 10 are cooled. When heat is removed from the hot plate 9 into the environment through an opening in the housing 8, the temperature of the cold plate 10 reaches minus values. At the outlet of the thermoelectric unit there is a fan 11, which directs the cooled air directly in the compartment (shown by arrows).

Thermoelectric blocks 4 are placed in the compartment on the wall 5 in the area of the passenger seat in the compartment (Fig. 5), i.e. in the area of the sleeping shelves 12.

In the case of using the inventive system, the failure of one thermoelectric unit does not lead to a violation of the air conditioning of the compartment of the car, and urgent repair of the car is reduced to replacing the failed unit with a working one in 10-15 minutes by a team of 2 people.

The difference between the proposed air conditioning system and those currently used in rail transport is that in the existing systems on the car one air conditioning unit is installed, and in the claimed system the number of air conditioning units corresponds to the number of seats for passengers in enclosed spaces (compartments).

The inventive air conditioning system was mounted in passenger compartment cars of the 1st class. An air conditioning system based on thermoelectric units can consist of how many separate small-sized units located in the immediate vicinity of a person and create great opportunities in the formation of a microclimate of the living compartment in the area of each passenger.

The use of this design of the car air conditioning system allows to improve the technical, environmental and operational characteristics of the passenger car in terms of:

- reducing the mass of a passenger car by 3.5 ... 4 tons during its modernization by removing from the car a piston compressor, electric motor, unit frame, condenser, condenser blower fan, receiver, hoses, flexibirs, roof heat exchanger, air discharge fans, ventilation ducts, 40 ... 45 kg of freon gas or binary gas, controls of the old air conditioning system;

- improving the energy balance of the car’s power supply system by reducing the total power consumption of the claimed air conditioning system (10 ... 12 kW) in relation to the existing (14 ... 15 kW), saving electricity with locomotive traction (up to 20%);

- a significant reduction in costs during maintenance and depot repair of air conditioning systems in divisions of passenger directorates (up to 50%);

- a significant reduction in the service time of the car air conditioning system at TO-1, TO-2 and TO-3, reduction of the downtime of cars in places of car traffic;

- improving passenger comfort due to the smooth adjustment of air temperature in the passenger's living area.

The manufacture of structural elements of the inventive air conditioning system of the car is based on technologies and equipment of domestic production.

Claims (1)

The air conditioning system in the compartment of a passenger carriage, built according to a two-stage functional diagram, the first stage of which includes a central air duct located along the entire carriage, as well as a hot air discharge line with a fan, and the second stage is block air conditioning units, the number of which is equal to the number of landing seats in a compartment in a car, characterized in that the first stage is additionally equipped with a fan with an air filter, block compartment conditioning and additionally equipped with a fan at the exit of cooled air, and its heat exchanger configured as a thermoelectric element, in which the hot and cold plate separated by a partition, wherein the air flow is directed from the hot plate to the hot air discharge manifold.

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