RU2488573C1 - Explosive - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons and ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to explosives designed for ore breaking when mining weak deposits arranged in unstable enclosing rocks. The base of the substance is ammonium nitrate in the amount of 95-97 wt %, in the melt of which 3-5 wt % of barium sulfate is added as a catalyst with dispersion of 0.15-0.2 mm.

EFFECT: considerable simplification of technology of production and cost reduction of an explosive with simultaneous reduction of its capacity and increased detonation capacity, which makes it possible to widely industrially introduce this explosive.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of chemistry, and more particularly to explosives, and can be used for high-quality ore breaking during the development of weak veins lying in unstable enclosing rocks.

The most technologically simple way of qualitative breaking off of such deposits is the use of low-power protozoa explosives. Of this class of explosives, igdanite has the greatest use in the mining industry, containing the following ingredients in wt.%:

NH ₄ NO ₃ , ammonium nitrate (granules with a size of 1.0-1.5 mm) - 92.5; Solar - 7.5.

The disadvantage of igdanite is the draining of solarium into the lower layers of the charge, as well as the instability of the detonation process in a metal pipe with a diameter of 36 mm with a wall of 3 mm after 3-day drying of ammonium nitrate [1, 2].

Known compositions of igdanite containing granular ammonium nitrate with a fineness of 0.28-0.5 mm with a reduced content of solarium and surfactants introduced into the melt of ammonium nitrate. In this case, the best detonation ability are compounds of igdanite containing the following ingredients in wt.% [3]:

Ammonium nitrate NH ₄ NO ₃ (granules with a size of 0.28-0.5 mm) - 89.5; A mixture of alkylated phenol derivatives of polyethylene oxide (OP-7) 5.0; Solar - 5.5.

The disadvantage of this explosive is that the increase in the detonation ability of igdanite (2.4 km / s) may be due to the low strength of the granules of ammonium nitrate containing surfactants. The detonation speed of the igdanite composition has a finer fraction of ammonium nitrate, and the detonation process itself was interrupted even in a metal pipe. In addition, the surfactant OP-7 and other surfactants are of high cost and are produced by industry in limited quantities.

In difficult mining and geological conditions, reducing the destructive effect of an explosion on an array beyond the design contour of the face becomes a priority when improving the parameters of explosive ore blasting.

In the most adverse mining and geological conditions, in the presence of extremely unstable host rocks, the use of igdanite even in small charge diameters does not allow using it for high-quality ore breaking. Under these conditions, it is necessary to significantly reduce the total energy of each hole charge. A maximum reduction in the diameter of the holes is required, and not the use of dispersed charges. However, the use of igdanite in small diameters (less than 35 mm) is unrealistic, since the composition in metal pipes gives failures at the indicated diameter of the borehole even when using an action movie weighing 50 g made of powerful explosive - detonite-15A10 [4].

The technical result of the invention is a significant simplification of the technology for producing and cheaper explosives while reducing their power while increasing detonation ability, which allows for the widespread industrial introduction of this explosive.

To solve this problem, 3-5% of barium sulfate BaSO _{4 with a} dispersion of 0.15-0.2 mm is introduced into the melt of ammonium nitrate as a catalyst, with the following quantitative ratio of ingredients in wt.%:

Ammonium nitrate NH ₄ NO ₃ - 95-97; Barium sulfate BaSO ₄ - 5-3.

The introduction of barium sulfate (barite) into the crystals of ammonium nitrate contributes to a sharp increase in its detonation ability, and the composition acquires the properties of an individual explosive. With a crystal fineness of 0.2-0.25 mm, the explosive explodes in a paper cartridge with a diameter of 36 mm and a length of 200 mm from the detonator capsule. ED-8.

Comprehensive studies have been conducted of the proposed explosive containing ammonium nitrate with a fineness of 0.2-0.25 mm, in the melt of which barium sulfate (barite) was added with a fineness of particles of 0.15-0.2 mm. In the experiment, we tested 3 compositions of explosives containing different amounts of barium sulfate.

The determination of the critical diameter was carried out in a paper sleeve in order to establish the optimal amount of barium sulfate. The research results are presented in Table 1. The initiation of the cartridges was carried out by an electric detonator ED-8.

Table 1 No. p / p The amount of barium sulfate contained in ammonium nitrate The critical diameter of the detonation in the cartridge, mm The number of detonations of a cartridge 200 mm long from 10 experiments one 2.0 28 3 2 2.0 thirty 5 3 2.0 32 four four 2.0 34 7 5 2.0 36 8 6 3.0 36 10 7 3.0 28 8 8 4.0 28 10 9 4.0 26 9 10 5,0 24 10 eleven 5,0 22 8 12 7.0 22 7

As can be seen from Table 1, the content of barium sulfate in ammonium nitrate in an amount of less than 3% does not allow for reliable explosive properties of ammonium nitrate. The presence in the composition of ammonium nitrate of more than 5% barium sulfate is impractical, since it does not contribute to a further increase in the detonation properties of nitrate, and already 5% of this additive allows you to obtain the necessary power parameters to solve the problem.

Thus, the critical diameter of explosives obtained by simplified technology is 24-36 mm with a content of 3-5% barium sulfate in the melt of ammonium nitrate. The density of the powdered explosive is 0.85-0.87 mm.

An experiment was also conducted to compare the explosive properties of the prototype with the proposed explosive (table 2). In the experiment used explosive compositions of the following formulations, wt.%:

1) Ammonium nitrate NH ₄ NO ₃ - 89.5; A mixture of alkylated phenol derivatives of polyethylene oxide (OP-7) - 5.0; Solar - 5.5. 2) Ammonium nitrate NH ₄ NO ₃ - 95; Barium sulfate BaSO ₄ - 5.

The table shows the comparative tests of igdanite containing granular ammonium nitrate with a fineness of 0.28-0.5 mm, in the melt of which a surfactant is introduced. Igdanite was tested in glass tubes with a wall thickness of 1.5 mm.

The proposed explosive dispersion of 0.2-0.25 mm contains 5% of barium sulfate, introduced into the melt of ammonium nitrate.

table 2 No. p / p Name BB Density, g / cm ³ Critical diameter mm Knock speed, m / s Hess brisance, mm Rabotospo
property, cm ³ Note one Igdanite with 5% OP-7 0.69 ... 0.75 more than 33.8 2420 16 ... 18 240 The experiments to determine the critical diameter and velocity of detonation were carried out in glass tubes, and by brisance in a metal pipe. 2 Ammonium nitrate with 5% barium sulfate 0.7 ... 08 24 1200 2 ... 4 180 The detonation speed and brisance were determined in paper cartridges with a diameter of 36 mm. * ⁾ brisance was determined in metal rings 3 mm thick (10 ... 12) *

From Table 1 and 2 it follows that the proposed explosive stably detonates in a diameter of 24 mm in a paper shell. It has less efficiency, which reduces the destructive effect of the explosion on the massif, eliminates excessive ore dilution and the action of explosive detonation products behind the design face of the mine.

Information sources

1. The list of explosive materials, equipment and explosive devices approved for use in the Russian Federation. Series 13. Issue 2 / Coll. author - M .: FSUE "Scientific and Technical Center for Safety in Industry of the Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia", 2004. - 80 p.

2. V. A. Usachev (IGD named after Skochinsky) The effect of dispersion and specific surface of ammonium nitrate on the critical diameter of igdanites // "Explosive business" Sat. No. 65/22, M. - 1968, p.24-30.

3. S. A. Melnikov, B. N. Kukib (IGD named after Skochinsky) Determination of the detonation velocity of igdanites prepared on nitrate with the addition of surfactants // "Explosive business" Sat. No. 74/31, M. - 1974, p. 33-35.

4. Yu.P. Galchenko (Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR) Polygon studies of the detonation ability of dispersed bore-hole charges of igdanite. // "Explosive business" Sat. No. 74/31, M. - 1974, p. 41-44.

Claims (1)

An explosive substance based on ammonium nitrate containing a catalyst introduced into the melt, characterized in that barium sulfate with a dispersion of 0.15-0.2 mm is used as a catalyst in the following ratio of ingredients, wt.%:
Ammonium nitrate NH ₄ NO ₃ 95-97 Barium sulfate BaSO ₄ 5-3