RU2488264C2 - Technique and device for automated control over crops productional process with regard for self-organisation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: inventions relate to the field of agriculture. The method includes calculated or instrumental determination of exergy values of plant radiation parameters. In a complex multi-factor system "plant - environmental factors - control factors" they select an order variable from a large number of variables, and this variable is the most quickly varying and most intensely acting at processes in the system, also control parameters are selected, with the help of which it is possible to influence productional processes of plants. At the same time the order variable is inflow of optical radiation exergy to plant in respect to plant photosynthesis. The control parameters are temperature, air moisture, soil moisture, concentration of mineral elements of root nutrition. For arid southern zones of agriculture with excess of solar optical radiation and lack of moisture, the order variable selected is soil moisture - exergy of soil water potential. For northern cold areas of agriculture the order variable is ambient air temperature - exergy of temperature potential, and total exergy of optical radiation in respect to plant photosynthesis for these areas of agriculture is included into the number of control parameters. The device comprises a comparator, a timer, a memory unit, a sensor of solar radiation exergy, an ambient temperature sensor, a soil temperature sensor, a soil moisture sensor. The control logical switchboard has five control switches. At the same time inputs of control switches are connected to the first, second, third, fourth and fifth outputs of the control logical switchboard. The sensor of optical radiation exergy capacity is connected to the fifth input of the control logical switchboard. The unit designed for functioning under conditions of arid southern areas of agriculture with excess of solar optical radiation additionally contains a unit for calculation of soil water potential exergy, the output of which is connected to the first input of the comparator. The unit designed for functioning under conditions of northern cold areas additionally contains a unit for calculation of temperature potential exergy, at the same time the output of the unit for calculation of temperature potential exergy is connected to the second input of the memory unit.

EFFECT: inventions make it possible to increase productivity of plants and to increase energy efficiency of crop sector.

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Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to crop production technologies, and can be used in both greenhouse and field crop production sectors.

Known methods and devices for controlling the production process of plants, for example, by heating the greenhouse, providing for measuring the effective value of the radiation depending on the spectral susceptibility of the plant and the air temperature of the plant habitat. They include calculating the air temperature, comparing the measured value with its predetermined value and automatically adjusting the air temperature in the greenhouse [Sventitsky II, Sulatskov VG, Storozhev PI, Efanov VI On the coordination of the temperature of the cultivation room with optical radiation // Mechanization and electrification of socialist agriculture. 1968. No. 2. S.24-28; Sventitsky I.I. Ecological bioenergetics of plants and agricultural production. Pushchino: Academy of Sciences of the USSR. SC biological research. Institute of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science. 1982. 222 p. (see pages 168-173)]. There is also known a method and device for monitoring and controlling the process of growing plants, comprising a sensor of optical radiation (exergy), a unit for calculating a calculated amount of exergy, a comparator, a control key. The device evaluates the degree of maturation of the plant, and based on this, the process is controlled [Method for monitoring and controlling the process of growing plants and a device for its implementation. RF patent RU 2282979 C1, 09/10/2006, Bull. No. 25].

Closest to the technical nature of the proposed are a method and device for automatically controlling the production process of plants taking into account self-organization, providing for the determination of a variable order, namely, the total exergy of optical radiation in relation to photosynthesis of plants [Patent RU 2350068, BI No. 9, publ. March 27, 2009].

A disadvantage of the known technical solutions is the inability to fully realize the potential productivity of plants in extreme agriculture, namely, in the conditions of a hot arid climate, when solar radiation can adversely affect plant productivity and its quality, as well as in cold climates, when the main negative impact is low temperatures. Under these conditions, the costs associated with the consumption of material and energy resources during the cultivation of plants are high, and it is impossible to determine physiologically and economically feasible order variables, times of exposure to the process of growing a particular batch of plants in the soil and climatic conditions of a particular region, i.e. physiologically and economically feasible sequences of process control in crop production.

The objective of the invention is to increase the economic and energy efficiency of crop production by increasing plant productivity while reducing energy costs for the implementation of the process.

As a result of using the present invention, the potential plant productivity is determined in specific growing conditions and the process of plant growth is controlled to ensure that this productivity is achieved.

The above technical result is achieved by the fact that the proposed method for automatically controlling the production process of plants taking into account self-organization, including calculating or instrumental determination of the exergy of the parameter of the functional state of the plant, which provides for a large number of variables to choose from a large number of variables in a complex multivariate system "plant - environmental factors - control factors" one - a variable order, the most rapidly changing and most strongly affecting processes in the system, as well as in the choice of control parameters with which it is possible to influence the production processes of plants, while the flow of optical radiation to plants is taken as a variable order in relation to plant photosynthesis, and as control parameters are temperature, air humidity, soil moisture, concentration of mineral elements root nutrition, in this case, for arid southern areas of agriculture with an excess of solar optical radiation and a lack of moisture, choose Soil content is the exergy of the soil water potential, and for the northern cold areas of agriculture, the ambient temperature is chosen as a variable order - the exergy of the temperature potential, and the total exergy of optical radiation in relation to plant photosynthesis for these areas of agriculture are included in the control parameters.

The technical result is also achieved by the fact that in the device for automatic control of the plant production process taking into account self-organization containing a comparator, timer, memory unit, solar radiation exergy sensor, ambient temperature sensor, soil temperature sensor, soil moisture sensor, control logical switch with five control keys, to the first, second, third, fourth and fifth outputs of the control logical switch connected inputs of control keys, power sensor exergi optical radiation is connected to the fifth input of the control logical switch, while the unit designed for functioning in the conditions of arid southern zones of agriculture with an excess of solar optical radiation, a unit for calculating the exergy of soil water potential, the output of which is connected to the first input of the comparator, and the node designed to function in the conditions of the northern cold zones, a unit for calculating the exergy of the temperature potential has been introduced, while the output of the unit for calculating the exergy of the temperature sweat has been introduced tial connected to the second input of the storage unit.

The method is as follows:

1) in a complex multifactor system "plant - environmental factors" from a large number of variables, choose one that most rapidly changes and most affects the processes in the system (order variable):

- for arid southern areas of agriculture with an excess of solar optical radiation with a lack of moisture, soil moisture (exergy of soil water potential) is chosen as a variable order;

- for the northern cold zones of agriculture, the ambient temperature (exergy of the temperature potential) is chosen as a variable order;

2) then select the control parameters with which it is possible to carry out impacts on the production processes of plants:

- for arid southern areas of agriculture with an excess of solar optical radiation, it is most rational to accept the values of climatic factors as control parameters as their values approach the relative minimum value, namely, temperature, air humidity, concentration of mineral elements of the root nutrition, and the total exergy of optical radiation in regarding plant photosynthesis;

- for the northern cold zones of agriculture, it is most rational to take as the control parameters the values of existing climatic factors as they approach the relative minimum value, namely, temperature, soil moisture, concentration of mineral elements of root nutrition, total exergy of optical radiation in relation to plant photosynthesis;

3) in the subsequent control of the system, mainly the order variable and control parameters are taken into account;

4) for the considered systems and specific conditions of plant cultivation, measure the value of a variable order;

5) from the test base of actual states, determine which of the control parameters is at a relative minimum, i.e. a change in which of the control parameters will lead to the greatest increase in the indicator of the functional state;

6) effect the plant by changing the value of the control parameter located at a relative minimum, in the direction of its increase by no more than 5% of its actual value;

7) evaluate the change in the actual state of the plants by a variable order or another indicator selected as an indicator of the functional state, with the existing value of the radiation exergy power in the plant zone;

8) if the value of the order variable has increased, they produce an effect by changing the value of the same control parameter in the direction of its increase by no more than 5% of its initial value;

9) if during the first exposure to the control parameter the value of the order variable decreases, a new effect is performed by reducing the value of the control parameter by no more than 5% of its initial value. Then go to paragraph 7 of the above sequence of operations in relation to another control parameter, the value of which is approaching the relative minimum value;

10) effects on plants are produced until the termination of changes in the values of a variable order;

11) produce an impact by changing the values of another control parameter according to items 7-12 of the above sequence of operations;

12) this operation is carried out in turn with all control parameters, and then perform from the first control parameter. All measurements of variable order and changes in control parameters are made at intervals of no more than 3 hours.

Thus, the method will provide control of the process of growing plants taking into account the directivity of natural, energy-efficient processes of self-organization that occur in the plants themselves in accordance with the principle of energy extremeness of self-organization, while accounting for this focus is evaluated by the indicator of the functional state of the plant (variable order), which impact, if the value of the parameter of the functional state of the organism or community decreases, the change in the effect does not agree The self-organization is a C direction and this change should be the opposite direction.

The essence of the invention is illustrated in figures 1, 2. Figure 1 shows a structural diagram of a node intended for use in hot climates, figure 2 is a structural diagram of a node intended for use in cold climates.

In Fig. 1, the device comprises a soil moisture sensor 1, a unit for calculating the calculated exergy of soil water potential 2, a timer 3, a memory unit 4, a comparator 5, a control logic switch 6, a soil temperature sensor 7, an air temperature sensor 8, an optical exergy power sensor radiation 9, control keys 10, 11, 12, 13, 14.

The output of the soil moisture sensor 1 is connected to the first input of the unit for calculating the calculated amount of soil potential erosion 2, the output of which is connected to the first input of the comparator 5. The first output of the memory unit 4 is connected to the second input of the comparator 5. To the first, second, third, fourth and fifth outputs inputs of the control keys 10, 11, 12, 13, 14. connected to the control logical switch 6; the optical emission exergy power sensor 9 is connected to the sixth input of the control logical switch 6. The first output of timer 3 is connected It is connected to the second input of the unit for calculating the calculated exergy of soil water potential 2, and the second output of the timer 3 is connected to the seventh input of the control logical switch 6. The second output of memory block 4 is connected to the eighth input of the control logical switch 6, the ninth input of which is connected to the soil temperature sensor 7, the tenth input is connected to the air temperature sensor 8, and the eleventh input is connected to the output of the comparator 5.

In Fig.2, the device contains an air temperature sensor 15, a unit for calculating the calculated value of the temperature potential exergy 16, a timer 3, a memory unit 4, a comparator 5, a control logic switch 6, a soil temperature sensor 7, a soil moisture sensor 17, an optical radiation exergy power sensor 9, control keys 10, 11, 12, 13, 14.

The output of the air temperature sensor 15 is connected to the first input of the unit for calculating the calculated value of the temperature potential 16, the output of which is connected to the first input of the comparator 5. The first output of the memory unit 4 is connected to the second input of the comparator 5. To the first, second, third, fourth and fifth outputs the control logical switch 6 is connected to the inputs of the control keys 10, 11, 12, 13, 14. The power sensor for the exergy of optical radiation 9 is connected to the sixth input of the control logical switch 6. The first output is half and 3 is connected to the second input of the calculation unit of the calculated exergy of soil water potential 2, and the second output of timer 3 is connected to the seventh input of the control logical switch 6. The second output of memory unit 4 is connected to the eighth input of the control logical switch 6, the ninth input of which is connected to the sensor soil temperature 7, the tenth inlet is connected to the soil moisture sensor 17, and the eleventh inlet is connected to the output of the comparator 5.

The device operates as follows.

When working at intervals determined by timer 3, the values of the control parameters are monitored:

a) for the device, the circuit of which is shown in figure 1, the temperature, humidity, air exergy of solar radiation;

b) for the device, the circuit of which is shown in figure 2, the air humidity, the power of exergy of solar radiation, soil moisture.

At the same time, at intervals determined by timer 3, the values of the value characterizing the order variable are monitored:

a) for the device, the circuit of which is shown in figure 1, - exergy of soil water potential;

b) for the device, the circuit of which is shown in figure 2, - exergy of the temperature potential.

Retrospective values of the variable order and control parameters are stored in the memory unit 4 and determine the optimal values of the control parameters. In addition, the memory block contains tests of the physiological state of plants by the rate of photosynthesis. The information in the memory unit is used by the control logical switch 6 to select a control parameter located in the relative minimum region, and also to compare changes in the exergy of a variable order during control implementation.

In the node, designed to operate in hot climates (Fig. 1), the soil moisture values measured by the soil moisture sensor 1 are converted by the soil water potential 2 exergy calculation unit into soil water potential exergy values (order variable), which are stored in the memory unit four.

In the node, designed to operate in the conditions of the northern cold zones (Fig. 2), the air temperature values measured by the air temperature sensor 15 convert the calculation of the calculated exergy of the temperature potential 16 into the exergy of the temperature potential (order variable), which is entered into the memory unit four.

The plant is affected by changing the value of one of the control parameters (affecting one of the control keys 10, 11, 12, 13 or 14) located in the region of the relative minimum, in the direction of its increase by no more than 5% of its actual value. At the next monitoring step, the comparator 5 compares the current value of the variable order exergy with the variable order exergy that was obtained at the previous monitoring stage and stored in the memory unit 4. The control switch 6 estimates the change in the actual state of the plants by a variable order. If the value of the functional state indicator has increased, the control switch 6 makes an impact by changing the value of the same control parameter in the direction of its increase by no more than 5% of its initial value. If during the first action on the control parameter the value of the order variable decreases, a new effect is performed, reducing the value of the same control parameter by no more than 5% of its initial value. If the value of the functional state indicator has increased, the control logical switch 6 produces an effect by changing the value of the same control parameter in the direction of its decrease by no more than 5% of its initial value. Then go to step 5 of the above sequence of operations. Impacts on plants are produced until the termination of changes in the values of a variable order with changes in the selected control parameter. This operation is carried out alternately with all control parameters, and then again performed, starting with the first control parameter. All measurements of a variable order and changes in control parameters are performed at intervals of no more than 3 hours.

All that remains is to automate the management of the processes of crop production or the greenhouse based on physiologically and economically inexpedient criteria for ensuring the highest plant productivity, as well as generate a control signal for the effects of changing environmental factors affecting the technological process. The method and device implement the operation of measuring the required change in environmental factors affecting the efficiency of use and setting exergy values, their mutual comparison, signaling and control by the result of the comparison.

Claims (2)

1. A method for automatically controlling the plant production process, taking into account self-organization, including calculating or instrumental determination of the exergy of plant irradiation parameters, providing for the choice of one variable variable order from a large number of variables in a complex plant – environmental factors –control factors system; changing and most strongly affecting processes in the system, as well as the choice of control parameters with which it is possible to carry out impacts on plant processes, in this case, the flow of optical energy exergy to plants in relation to plant photosynthesis is chosen as a variable order, and temperature, air humidity, soil moisture, and the concentration of mineral elements of root nutrition, which is different for arid southern zones, are used as control parameters agriculture with an excess of solar optical radiation and a lack of moisture, the soil moisture is chosen as a variable order - the exergy of the soil water potential, and for northern one of the agricultural zones as the variable order, the ambient temperature is chosen - the exergy of the temperature potential, and the total exergy of optical radiation in relation to plant photosynthesis for these agricultural zones is included in the number of control parameters. 2. A device for automatically controlling the plant production process taking into account self-organization, comprising a comparator, timer, memory unit, solar radiation exergy sensor, ambient temperature sensor, soil temperature sensor, soil moisture sensor, control logical switch with five control keys, characterized in that to the first, second, third, fourth and fifth outputs of the control logical switch connected inputs of control keys, a power sensor of the exergy of optical radiation under accessed to the fifth input of the control logical switch, and a unit designed to operate in conditions of arid southern zones of agriculture with an excess of solar optical radiation is equipped with a unit for calculating the exergy of soil water potential, the output of which is connected to the first input of the comparator, and in the unit for functioning in the conditions of northern cold zones, a unit for calculating the exergy of the temperature potential is introduced, while the output of the unit for calculating the exergy of the temperature potential is connected to the second input to the memory block.

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