RU2487815C2 - Nuclear ice breaker - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to ship building, mainly, to sips with nuclear power plant operated on arctic routes. Proposed ice breaker comprises hull, central power compartment with nuclear power plant, compartment of primary turbo generators and ice boxes. Central power compartment with nuclear power plant is shifted from midship frame toward rostrum while compartment of primary turbo generators is shifted from central power compartment toward stern. Ice boxes are located at rear section of the compartment of primary turbo generators.

EFFECT: higher reliability of turbo generator operation without loss in trim.

2 dwg

Description

The proposed technical solution relates to the field of shipbuilding, namely to icebreakers with a nuclear power plant, designed to guide or tow transport vessels in the Arctic with all types of icebreaking operations and to assist other icebreakers in severe ice conditions, as well as for expeditionary flights to any areas of the Arctic Ocean and to the pole.

Known atomic icebreaker "Russia" ("Sudostroenie" magazine, No. 8, 1984, p. 3-6), in which the central energy compartment (CE) with a nuclear power plant (AEU) is located in the middle of the mid-frame. In the nose from it is a compartment of the main turbogenerators and ice boxes.

Ice from under the bow of the ship’s hull blocks ice boxes, which disrupts the operation of the main turbogenerators.

Closest to the claimed facility is the nuclear icebreaker “50 Years of Victory” (Sudostroenie magazine, No. 1, 2009, pp. 13-19, article by V.Ya. Demyanchenko, A.N. Makeev, “Nuclear icebreaker“ 50 years of Victory ").

A well-known nuclear icebreaker includes a hull, a central energy compartment (CEA) with a nuclear power plant (AEU), a compartment for the main turbogenerators and ice boxes. The central energy compartment (CEA) with a nuclear power plant (AEU) is placed symmetrically relative to the midship frame. In the nose from it is a compartment of the main turbogenerators and ice boxes. This embodiment of the icebreaker has the same drawback as the previous counterpart. Ice from under the bow of the hull does not have time to go under the ice field and blocks the entrance grates of ice boxes located in the nose from the central energy compartment. The cooling system of the main turbogenerators is disrupted.

The proposed technical solution aims to ensure reliable operation of the main turbogenerators due to the implementation of their uninterrupted cooling.

As in the closest analogue, the proposed atomic icebreaker includes a hull, a central energy compartment with a nuclear power plant, a compartment for the main turbogenerators and ice boxes.

The difference lies in the fact that the central energy compartment with the nuclear power plant is located offset from the midship frame towards the bow, and the main turbine generator compartment is located from the central energy compartment towards the stern, while ice boxes are located in the aft part of the main turbogenerator compartment.

The problem is solved by the proposed set of essential features - a new mutual arrangement of the elements, namely: the placement of ice boxes in the aft section of the main turbine generator compartment, which is located behind the central energy compartment towards the stern. Thus, the ice boxes were located as close to the stern as possible. The shift of the central energy compartment towards the fore end from the midship frame retained the differentiation of the vessel with a new mutual placement of the main icebreaker compartments.

With this arrangement of the main compartments of the icebreaker, the broken ice when moving in ice goes under the edge of the ice field in the region of the maximum width of the ship’s hull, the ice boxes do not block the ice boxes and the main turbogenerators are cooled continuously.

A specific example of the implementation of the proposed technical solution is presented in figure 1 and figure 2, where:

1 - icebreaker case,

2 - central energy compartment (CEO),

3 - nuclear power plant (AEU),

4 - compartment of the main turbogenerates,

5 - ice boxes,

6 - midsection frame,

7 - decks,

8 - add-in,

9 - tower-like mast,

10 - waterproof transverse bulkhead,

11 - upper deck,

12 - the second side, formed by longitudinal waterproof bulkheads,

13 - the second bottom,

14 - second deck,

15 - forepeak,

16 - afterpeak.

The considered example of an icebreaker is a 72 MW atomic turboelectric ship. with power distribution along the shafts 1: 1: 1, an excess freeboard, three decks 7, a developed eight-level superstructure 8, a tower-like mast 9.

The hull 1 is made according to the traditional transverse dialing system with main and intermediate frames of equal profile and is divided into ten compartments by the main (transverse) watertight bulkheads 10 brought to the upper deck 11. Longitudinal waterproof bulkheads are located along the entire length of the icebreaker from 37 to 161 frames, forming the second board 12, which runs from the second bottom 13 to the second deck 14. The second bottom 13 extends from forepeak to afterpeak.

An additional structural protection of the central energy compartment in the event of a collision may be provided for on the icebreaker (application for invention No.2010108777 / 11 of 03/09/10, positive decision of June 1, 2011).

In the aft end there is a recess with fenders for towing the vessel “close”.

The central energy compartment 2 with the nuclear power plant 3 is located with an offset from the mid-frame 6 towards the nose. The compartment of the main turbine generators 4 is located with the offset from the central turbine generator 2 towards the stern, and the ice boxes 5 are located in the aft part of the compartment of the main turbine generator 4. The offset of the central turbine generator 2 from the mid-frame 6 towards the bow depends on the specific design of the icebreaker equipment and is determined by calculation . In the presented version of the icebreaker, the displacement of the CEA 2 from the midship frame 6 towards the nose is five spations.

During the movement of the icebreaker in the ice, the broken ice after the midship-ring region mostly moves under the edge of the ice field and partially under the bottom of the icebreaker. Since the ice boxes 5 are located in the stern of the compartment of the main turbogenerators 4, which, in turn, is located from the central heating station 2 to the stern side, i.e. ice boxes 5 are far enough from the nasal tip, the receiving holes of the ice boxes 5 are not clogged with broken ice. The cooling system of the main turbogenerators is uninterrupted, which ensures their reliable operation.

In addition, the location of the CEA 2 with an offset from the mid-frame 6 towards the fore end, and the compartment of the main turbogenerators 4 with an offset from the CEO towards the aft end 1 did not violate the differentiation of the vessel.

Thus, the proposed new mutual arrangement of the main icebreaker compartments made it possible to solve the problem - to ensure uninterrupted reliable operation of the main turbogenerators without violating the differentiation of the vessel.

Claims (1)

Nuclear-powered icebreaker, comprising a hull, a central energy compartment with a nuclear power plant, a main turbine generator compartment and ice boxes, characterized in that the central energy compartment with a nuclear power plant is offset from the midship frame towards the nose, and the main turbogenerator compartment is located away from the central energy compartment towards the stern, while ice boxes are located in the stern of the compartment of the main turbogenerators.

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