RU2487751C2 - Method of making sorbent for collection of oil and oil products from fluid and solid surfaces - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: process engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to sorbents used for cleaning water and solid surfaces. Modified alkyd resin is deposited on the surface of hollow silica-alumina microspheres. After deposition, sorbent is cured in air unless solid film is produced.

EFFECT: inexpensive efficient sorbent from wastes of coal-fired thermal electric stations, higher safety.

2 cl, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to water purification using a sorbent designed to collect oil and oil products from water and solid surfaces.

Known sorbent for the removal of floating oil (AS USSR No. 1726385), including aluminosilicate hollow microspheres isolated from fly ash of thermal power plants operating on coal, while using the resulting paste-like mass is regenerated by heating centrifugation. However, the microspheres have a low adsorption capacity (445 mg / g), as a result of which a significant consumption of adsorbent is predetermined.

Known sorbent for water purification from oil and oil products (RF Patent No. 2090258), including aluminosilicate hollow microspheres isolated from the ash of coal-fired thermal power plants, treated with oil, followed by its burning with free access to air until the cessation of combustion. As a result of the combustion of sorbed oil on the surface of the microspheres, a film of incomplete combustion (soot, petroleum coke) appears, which increases the sorption ability of the microspheres by 1.8-4.4 times with respect to the above sorbent.

The disadvantage of this method is the fire method of processing microspheres, which determines the consumption of expensive oil, the use of equipment and technology to protect the environment from flue gases and ensuring fire safety of staff.

The objective of the invention is the development of an effective sorbent from the waste of coal-fired thermal power plants treated with low-cost materials, ensuring environmental safety and fire safety of staff.

The problem is solved in that the aluminosilicate hollow microspheres obtained by processing ash and slag waste from domestic coal-fired power plants equipped with settling ponds are used as a sorbent, while the skinny alumina resin HS 11-70С modified with dehydrated (anhydrous oilless) is sprayed onto the surface of the aluminosilicate hollow microspheres the ratio of 85% to 15%, respectively, to give the sorbent improved hydrophobic properties to water and adhesion to oil and oil products, as well as for curing coatings s hollow microspheres.

Next, the sorbent is kept with free access of air in the range of 15-20 degrees Celsius until a solid film is obtained.

It is known that most settling ponds are covered with a thick (0.1-0.2 meters deep) layer of aluminosilicate hollow microspheres penetrated by the root system of the covering vegetation. The remaining few “windows” of the open surface of the settling pond with a layer of floating aluminosilicate hollow microspheres do not solve the issue of their use on an industrial scale.

The problem is solved by deep processing of the vegetation cover of ponds - settlers according to the following technology: separation of the grass cover of the vegetation cover (islands) into separate blocks; separation of the grass block with aluminosilicate hollow microspheres from the vegetation using winches or with the help of hydraulic monitors;

- fencing floating microspheres with bonnons and pulling them to the coastal intake devices with the subsequent transfer of slurry pumps to polypropylene containers with delivery to the workshop where subsequent processing is carried out:

- drying the microspheres in a stream of hot air, cleaning them from ballast (small plant debris, leaves) and subsequent cooling;

- preliminary separation of the microspheres by specific gravity in pneumatic cyclones in order to remove heavy magnetic impurities and purify carbon impurities;

- separation of microspheres into fractions on calibrated vibrating screens with the release of microspheres of class 100-500 microns.

The proposed technology for the deep processing of vegetation in combination with microspheres makes it possible to obtain marketable products with physicochemical and technological parameters (see table).

No. Name ASPA one Appearance Gray powder 2 Bulk density, not more than kg / m ³ 430.0-460 3 Mass fraction of water,%, no more 0.5 four Mass fraction of silicon dioxide,% 60-65 5 Mass fraction of alumina,% 20-25 6 Mass fraction of iron oxide,% up to 3,5

The process of preparing the sorbent is as follows.

According to the flow chart, dry aluminosilicate hollow microspheres with a diameter of 100-500 microns are sent to a closed apparatus, on the brushes of two oppositely rotating horizontally mounted drums, which loosen and weigh the microspheres above the drums. At the same time, a modified alkyd resin is fed into the “cloud” of microspheres in a sprayed state, as a result of which it is sprayed onto the surface of the microspheres and moved along the apparatus in the direction of the discharge pipe. When the microspheres are moved in the apparatus, the resin is pre-cured and the microspheres are unloaded from the apparatus to a conveying device, where, under the conditions of free air at room temperature, the final alkyd resin is finally cured on the surface of aluminosilicate hollow microspheres to obtain a solid film. Next, the product is sent for packaging.

Note that the proposed sorbent is a powdered, environmentally friendly gray material, the bulk weight of which does not exceed 500 kg / m ³ , while the sorption capacity is in the range of 1 kg of sorbent 1.5-2 kg of oil product.

To eliminate spills of oil or oil products from water surfaces, the oil slick is enclosed by protective booms, after which a sorbent is sprayed onto it manually or mechanically. A light floating sorbent interacts with oil and coagulates it, creating small floating “islands” that can be afloat for a long time, practically without causing harmful effects to flora and fauna.

The collection of the sorbent with oil from the surface of the water is carried out by any of the known methods (buckets, pumps, etc.). Oil recovery is carried out either by superheated steam, or by centrifugation or by chemical means.

To eliminate oil spills from hard surfaces, the sorbent is dispersed manually or mechanically to an oil slick. After 5-10 minutes (depending on the ambient temperature and time of year), the process of oil binding to non-soiling granules occurs. Next, the resulting product is disposed of manually or mechanically.

The unique properties of the sorbent were demonstrated during the liquidation of the accident at the Sayano-Shushenskaya hydroelectric station.

Claims (2)

1. A method of producing a sorbent for collecting oil and oil products from water and solid surfaces, including the processing of aluminosilicate hollow microspheres, characterized in that a modified alkyd resin is sprayed onto the surface of the aluminosilicate hollow microspheres, and then they are kept under free access to air until a solid film is obtained. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the use of aluminosilicate hollow microspheres with a diameter of 100-500 microns, and the air temperature is maintained in the range of 15-20 ° C.