RU2484423C1 - Ammunition of contactless action with remote laser fuse - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: blasting.

SUBSTANCE: ammunition of contactless action with a remote laser fuse comprises a case with an explosive, a fuse, in the case of which there is a source of supply, a detonator, a safety cocking mechanism and an optical target sensor connected with the specified mechanism. The optical target sensor comprises an electronic unit, two transceiving channels, each comprising a pulse source of optical radiation and a photodetector, connected with the electronic unit. Optical axes of the pulse source of optical radiation and the photodetector, creating a transceiving channel directed at the angle ≤90° to the longitudinal axis of the ammunition in direction with the movement and are arranged as mixed relative to each other in parallel or practically in parallel. The distance between optical axes of the radiator and the photodetector is selected based on the condition l≥(dr+dp)/2, where dr and dp - largest diameters of the radiator and photodetector, accordingly. Transceiving channels are arranged around the longitudinal axis of ammunition via equal or practically equal angular intervals in the radial direction.

EFFECT: increased efficiency of operation of bursting ammunition.

4 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of armaments and can be used in jet munitions to determine the optimal moment of detonation of ammunition.

Known on-board device with a laser unit for detecting targets (US patent No. 5138947, IPC: F42C 13/02, publ. 08/18/1992), consisting of an optical radiation source, a collimating lens, two mirrors and a photodetector.

Mirrors are mounted on a movable panel, which is fixed in two positions. One of the mirrors is flat and made in the form of an angular reflector. The second mirror is made focusing. In the first position of the panel, both mirrors are located inside the device and the laser radiation does not come out. In the second position of the panel, the radiation of a source mounted in the focal plane of the collimating lens is reflected from the first mirror and is output outward in the direction "forward and sideways" relative to the direction of movement of the ammunition. Optical radiation from the target surface is reflected by the second mirror to a photodetector mounted at the focus of this mirror. The photodetector converts the optical signal into an electrical one and performs its further processing.

The disadvantage of this device is the low probability of detecting small targets and, therefore, low reliability of operation for targets of this type, as well as insufficient protection from optical interference. The disadvantages include the low accuracy of setting the given operating range, since the intersection of the axes of the radiation pattern of the optical radiation source and the sensitivity diagram of the photodetector at a certain distance from the munition is provided only technologically, and a significant deterioration in the aerodynamic parameters of the munition when this device is turned on and, as a result, its impossibility use at high speeds of the movement of ammunition.

Known optical unit (RF patent No. 2151372, IPC: F42C 13/02, publ. 03/27/2005), consisting of an optical radiation source mounted in the focal plane of a collimating lens, a beam splitting system installed between the collimating lens and a protective glass, a focusing lens, a photodetector and a light filter mounted between the focusing lens and the photodetectors.

The specified block works as follows.

The optical radiation of the source, collimated by the lens, is divided by the beam-splitting system into two identical beams and, through the protective glass, the ammunition is brought out. If there is a target at the distance of the sensor’s response, the radiation is reflected from its surface and through the focusing lens and filter comes to the photodetector, which converts the optical signal into electrical and performs its further processing. The formed two beams of optical radiation probe each of its sector of space around the ammunition, and the focusing lens and photodetectors form two receiving sensitivity diagrams of the optical unit.

The disadvantages of this unit are significant overall dimensions due to the need to provide a base, the distance between the receiver and the emitter, and reducing the base reduces the accuracy of determining the distance. The beam splitting system of the indicated block requires adjustment: the technological process of setting the intersection of the axis of the radiation pattern of the probing source beams and the axis of the corresponding sensitivity diagrams of photodetectors at the required distance from the munition, as a result of which the optical unit detects only those targets that are at a given distance from the munition, which reduces it universality.

Known optical remote fuse (German patent PS No. 2949521, IPC: F42C 13/02, publ. 21.10.82), consisting of an optical radiation source operating in a pulsed mode, collimating and focusing lenses and a photodetector.

The photodetector is installed in such a way that the axis of the radiation pattern of the optical radiation source intersects the axis of the sensitivity diagram of the photodetector at a certain distance from the munition, as a result of which the remote fuse fires only when there is a target at a given distance. The radiation from the source passes through the collimating lens, is reflected from the target’s surface and, if it is located at a predetermined distance from the ammunition, it passes through the focusing lens to a photodetector, which converts the optical signal into an electric one and performs its further processing.

The disadvantage of this device is the low probability of detecting small targets and, as a result, the low reliability of operation on targets of this type, as well as the low accuracy of setting a given operating range, since the intersection of the axes of the radiation pattern of the optical radiation source and the sensitivity diagram of the photodetector at a certain distance from the munition is ensured only technologically. In addition, this device has significant overall dimensions and insufficient protection from optical interference.

The objective of the invention is to remedy these disadvantages and create explosive ordnance that provides reliable contactless operation at a given distance from the target having the required level of protection against optical interference.

The solution to this problem is achieved by the fact that the proposed non-contact munition with a remote laser fuse contains a housing with an explosive, a fuse with a power source, a detonator, a safety-cocking mechanism and a target sensor connected to the specified mechanism, the target sensor contains at least one, preferably at least two transceiver channels, each of which includes an electronic unit, a pulsed optical radiation source and a photodetector, displaced with the electronic unit, the optical axes of the pulsed optical radiation source and the photodetector forming the receiving-emitting channel are directed at an angle of ≤90 ° to the longitudinal axis of the munition in the direction of movement and are located offset from each other, mainly parallel or almost parallel, and the distance between optical axes of the emitter and the photodetector is selected from the condition l≥ (d _{and n} + d) / 2, where d _and d and _n - largest diameters emitter and photodetector, respectively, with priemoizluchayu s channels are arranged around the longitudinal axis of the munition, at equal or substantially equal angular intervals in the radial direction.

, где L_i - дистанция до подстилающей поверхности по оси оптического излучения, i=1, …, k, υ - скорость подхода боеприпаса к цели/подстилающей поверхности; α - угол подхода боеприпаса к цели/подстилающей поверхности; β - угол между продольной осью боеприпаса и осью диаграммы направленности излучателя - угол установки излучателя; n - частота вращения боеприпаса вокруг продольной оси; φ_i - угол поворота i излучателя в плоскости, перпендикулярной продольной оси боеприпаса, причем $${\varphi }_i\left(t\right)\in \left[{\varphi }_i^0,\left({\varphi }_i^0+\frac{2\pi }{k}\right)\right]$$

,In an embodiment, the required number of emitters / probe optical beams k in the optical target sensor is determined from the simultaneous fulfillment of the following conditions under which: the height of the ammunition above the underlying surface is in the range h∈ [h _min , h _max ], where h = f (υ , α, t) is the height above the underlying surface, υ is the speed of approach of the ammunition to the target / underlying surface, α is the angle of approach of the ammunition to the target / underlying surface; t is the time; h _max - the maximum given height of operation; h _min - the minimum specified height of the response, the distance to the underlying surface along the axis of the optical radiation $$L_i\left(t\right)=f\left(\nu ,\alpha ,\beta ,{\varphi }_i\left({\varphi }_i^0,n,t\right),t\right)$$

where L _i is the distance to the underlying surface along the axis of the optical radiation, i = 1, ..., k, υ is the rate of approach of the ammunition to the target / underlying surface; α is the angle of approach of the ammunition to the target / underlying surface; β is the angle between the longitudinal axis of the munition and the axis of the radiation pattern of the emitter — the angle of installation of the emitter; n is the frequency of rotation of the ammunition around the longitudinal axis; φ _i is the angle of rotation i of the emitter in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the munition, and $${\varphi }_i\left(t\right)\in \left[{\varphi }_i^0,\left({\varphi }_i^0+\frac{2\pi }{k}\right)\right]$$

,

- исходное угловое положение i излучателя в момент достижения боеприпасом высоты h_max, причем $${\varphi }_i^0={\varphi }_1^0+\left(i-1\right)\frac{2\pi }{k}$$

, $${\varphi }_1^0\in \left[\mathrm{0,2}\pi \right]$$

; t - время, находится, хотя бы для одного i излучателя, в установленном диапазоне измерения L_i(t)∈[L_min, L_max], при этом $$\left(\left[t_{L_{\min }},t_{L_{\max }}\right]\cap \left[t_{h_{\min }},t_{h_{\max }}\right]\right)\le T$$

,Where $${\varphi }_i^0$$

- the initial angular position i of the emitter at the moment the ammunition reaches a height h _max , and $${\varphi }_i^0={\varphi }_{\mathrm{one}}^0+\left(i-\mathrm{one}\right)\frac{2\pi }{k}$$

, $${\varphi }_{\mathrm{one}}^0\in \left[0.2\pi \right]$$

; t is the time, is, at least for one i emitter, in the specified measurement range L _i (t) ∈ [L _min , L _max ], while $$\left(\left[t_{L_{\min }},t_{L_{\max }}\right]\cap \left[t_{h_{\min }},t_{h_{\max }}\right]\right)\le T$$

,

where T is the time interval of one working cycle of determining the distance.

In an embodiment, in order to increase the stability of the munition against small interference, the electronic unit implements an algorithm for the simultaneous operation of at least two receiving-emitting channels and checking for the detection of target identification signals simultaneously through two or more simultaneously functioning receiving-emitting channels.

In an embodiment, simultaneously functioning receiving-emitting channels used to check for the simultaneous detection of target identification signals are mounted around the longitudinal axis of the munition at the maximum angular distance from each other in the radial direction, mainly diametrically opposite.

The technical result achieved by the claimed invention is the creation of ammunition with increased effectiveness in hitting a target, due to detonation at an optimal distance from the target.

The technical result is achieved due to the fact that in the proposed explosive ordnance with a remote laser fuse containing a housing with an explosive, a fuse, in the housing of which a fuse including a power source, a detonator, a safety-cocking mechanism, an optical target sensor, according to which The invention uses a pulsed laser diode as a source of optical radiation, and an algorithm that implements the time is used in the electronic unit for processing the reflected signal. pulse method of analyzing the distance to the target. The emitted light pulses are reflected from the target surface and recorded by a photodetector, followed by analysis by the electronic unit. The registration of the reflected signal is carried out through a time interval that determines the distance of identification of the target: from the moment of emission of the light pulse to the opening of the time window, the duration of which sets the error in determining the distance.

The inventive device provides the detonation of ammunition at an optimum distance from the target, does not require adjustment during production, allows you to set the distance of detonation immediately before the combat use of ammunition, which expands the scope of the ammunition.

Changing the distance of detection of the target is carried out by changing the settings in the electronic unit, which makes the proposed device more versatile in comparison with the prototype.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an explosive ordnance with a remote laser fuse, and an installation angle β of the emitters is shown; figure 2 presents the design scheme for an embodiment with k emitters.

Non-contact action ammunition with a remote laser fuse contains a housing 1 with an explosive substance 2, a fuse 3, in the housing of which a power source 4, a detonator 5, a safety cocking mechanism 6, an optical target sensor 7, containing at least two transmissive channels consisting of from an optical radiation source 8 and a photodetector 9 connected to an electronic unit 10.

Non-contact ammunition with a remote laser fuse works as follows.

Light pulses from the radiation source 8 are displayed outside the fuse 3 body towards a possible target. If there is a target, the radiation is reflected from its surface and recorded by the photodetector 9. Next, the electronic unit 10 analyzes the received signal for compliance with the value of t — the time interval counted from the moment of emission of the pulse until the signal is registered by the time setting T. The value of the time setting T is entered before the battle the use of ammunition in the electronic unit 10 and is equal to the travel time of the light pulse from the ammunition to the target and back at the moment of correspondence between the distance between the ammunition and the target rebuemoy detection distance, ie, T = 2R / c, where c is the speed of light, R is the required target detection distance.

When the condition t = T is fulfilled, with a given accuracy, the electronic unit determines the received signal as “working” and generates a target identification signal.

Using the proposed technical solution will allow you to create an ammunition that has increased effectiveness in hitting a target, having an extended scope.

Claims (4)

1. Non-contact action ammunition with a remote laser fuse, comprising a housing with an explosive, a fuse, in the housing of which a power source, a detonator, a safety cocking mechanism, and an optical target sensor connected to the specified mechanism, characterized in that the optical target sensor contains an electronic a unit, at least two receiving-emitting channels, each of which contains a pulsed optical radiation source and a photodetector connected to the electronic unit, while the axis of the pulsed optical radiation source and the photodetector, forming the receiving-emitting channel, are directed at an angle of ≤90 ° to the longitudinal axis of the munition in the direction of movement and are displaced relative to each other, mainly parallel or almost parallel, and the distance between the optical axes of the emitter and the photodetector is selected from conditions l≥ (d _{and n} + d) / 2, where d _and d and _n - largest diameters emitter and photodetector, respectively, and wherein said channels are arranged around priemoizluchayuschie longitudinally munition axis at equal or substantially equal angular intervals in the radial direction. 2. Non-contact action ammunition with a remote laser fuse according to claim 1, characterized in that the required number of probing optical beam emitters k in the optical target sensor is determined from the simultaneous fulfillment of the following conditions under which: the height of the ammunition above the underlying surface is in the range h∈ [ h _min , h _max ], where h = f (υ, α, t) is the height above the underlying surface, υ is the speed of approach of the ammunition to the target / underlying surface, α is the angle of approach of the ammunition to the target / underlying surface; t is the time; h _max - the maximum given height of operation; h _min - the minimum specified height of the response, the distance to the underlying surface along the axis of the optical radiation $$L_i\left(t\right)=f\left(\upsilon ,\alpha ,\beta ,{\phi }_i\left({\phi }_i^0,n,t\right),t\right),$$

where L _i is the distance to the underlying surface along the axis of the optical radiation, i = 1, ..., k; υ is the speed of the ammunition approach to the target / underlying surface; α is the angle of approach of the ammunition to the target / underlying surface; β is the angle between the longitudinal axis of the munition and the axis of the radiation pattern of the emitter — the angle of installation of the emitter; n is the frequency of rotation of the ammunition around the longitudinal axis; φ _i is the angle of rotation i of the emitter in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the munition, and $${\phi }_i\left(t\right)\in \left[{\phi }_i^0,\left({\phi }_i^0+\frac{2\pi }{k}\right)\right];$$

Where $${\varphi }_i^0$$

- the initial angular position i of the emitter at the moment the ammunition reaches a height h _max , and $${\varphi }_i^0={\varphi }_{\mathrm{one}}^0+\left(i-\mathrm{one}\right)\frac{2\pi }{k}$$

, $${\phi }_{\mathrm{one}}^0\in \left[0.2\pi \right];$$

t is the time, is, at least for one i emitter, in the specified measurement range L _i (t) ∈ [L _min , L _max ], while $$\left(\left[t_{L_{\min }},t_{L_{\max }}\right]\cap \left[t_{h_{\min }},t_{h_{\max }}\right]\right)\le T$$

where T is the time interval of one working cycle of determining the distance. 3. Non-contact action ammunition with a remote laser fuse according to claim 1, characterized in that the electronic unit implements an algorithm for the simultaneous operation of at least two receiving-emitting channels and checking for the detection of target identification signals simultaneously through two or more simultaneously functioning receiving-emitting channels. 4. Non-contact action ammunition with a remote laser fuse according to claim 1, characterized in that the simultaneously functioning receiving-emitting channels used to check for the simultaneous detection of target identification signals are installed around the longitudinal axis of the munition at a maximum angular distance from each other in the radial direction, mainly diametrically opposite.

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