RU2484378C1 - Combustion method of wood wastes, and heat generator for its implementation with heater and heat exchange chamber and cover plate of combustion chamber - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: heating.SUBSTANCE: combustion method of wood wastes with heat recovery involves fuel supply to a loading hole of the combustion chamber, its ignition with air supply to the combustion chamber through an air intake channel, extraction of flue gases through an expansion chamber with adjustable exhaust airflow, and heat is extracted with heating agent passing through the heat exchanger with cleaning of flue gases from solid particles prior to the beginning of heat removal process, and then, after heat removal with further discharge of exhaust gases to atmosphere. Flue gases entering a separating chamber are divided into two flows, each of which rotates in a circumferential direction about a vertical virtual axis passing through centre of the heater holes and flows upwards to the holes of the heater that extracts the heat with heating agent from two divided flows by passing them easily through those holes for combination of those two flows in the heat exchange chamber and levelling of the combined flow for extraction using heating agent with transverse flow of movement and common direction of its upward movement, which coincides with movement direction of flue gases, heat passing through the heat exchanger, with its cleaning in the heat exchange chamber and before it is discharged to atmosphere. Besides, heat generator, heater, heat exchange chamber and cover plate of combustion chamber of heat generator are described.EFFECT: increasing the efficiency of heat recovery process and flue gas cleaning process, excluding damage to lining, increasing service life of heat generator, reducing additional costs for its manufacture and operation, improving maintenance process and simplifying assembly process; using less energy-intensive equipment and reducing fire hazard.6 cl, 14 dwg

Description

The group of inventions relates to heat engineering and can be used for burning unmilled waste from woodworking industries, in order to utilize heat and use it in the form of heat energy for various consumer needs, and it is possible to efficiently accumulate heat from regenerative heat exchangers for use in both domestic and industrial use. .

A known method of burning wood waste with heat recovery, which includes supplying fuel to the loading opening of the combustion chamber through a loading hopper of a shaft type, located above the combustion chamber; ignition of fuel and its subsequent combustion with simultaneous frontal, side and lower supply of heated air to the combustion chamber due to forced exhaust air flow; the output of combustion products in series through the expansion chamber, exhaust pipe and adjustable exhaust device, removing ash from the bottom of the expansion chamber [see patent description RU No. 2134838, publ. 08/20/99. Bull. No. 23]. An open loading window leads not only to a fire hazard, but also to a significant loss of heat, and its relatively small dimensions along the perimeter exclude the container loading of bulky waste such as pencils. The mutual geometric arrangement of the combustion chamber and the expansion chamber helps to ensure maximum specific power in the expansion chamber, but it is lost during its further horizontal transportation for utilization and purification and discharge of exhaust gases into the atmosphere. The implementation of this method involves a rather complicated design for supplying heated air through numerous tubes located in the walls of the structure. The organization of a counterflow helps to increase the power of the equipment used.

Known for the prototype is a method of burning wood waste with heat recovery, comprising supplying fuel to the loading opening of the combustion chamber, igniting it with supplying air to the combustion chamber in two streams from above through the loading device and directly into the combustion zone through the air intake channel, flue gas outlet through the expansion chamber adjustable exhaust air flow. In this case, the direction of the air flow in the combustion zone is an angle of 0-90 ° with the direction of fuel loading into the combustion chamber, and the heat is taken away by the heat carrier passing sequentially through the economizer and heat exchanger pipes with a counter flow relative to the direction of movement of the flue gases and cleaning them from solid particles before heat removal and then after heat removal [see patent description RU No. 2189526 from 08/10/2001. Publ. 09/20/2002. Bull. No. 26].

This method allows the use of container loading and more efficiently utilize woodworking waste, including wet, without their preliminary preparation, namely drying, grinding, etc. However, the process of heat recovery and its efficiency are far from perfect. Energy losses are increasing due to the layout of equipment and, in particular, the long path of exhaust gases before they are released into the atmosphere.

Known heat generator, which is a modular-block device of a metal box design. It consists of a combustion chamber with a top loading window with a lid, a pyramidal expansion chamber and a mixing chamber located above the expansion chamber, which is combined with it along the perimeter of the base of the pyramids, as well as a flue gas recirculation system. Between the combustion chamber and the expansion chamber with the mixing chamber there is a vertical dividing wall with an opening in the lower part. Moreover, the cross-sectional area of the expansion chamber significantly exceeds the area of this hole [see description of patent RU No. 22253797 from 10/08/2001. Publ. 06/10/2005. Bull. No. 16]. This heat generator, like any heat generator, has a pipe for exhausting exhaust gases and this pipe is located either on the ground, to which these gases are removed, or it is manufactured on site taking into account the parameters of the supplied heat generator. And this means that for designing it, it is necessary to take into account the presence of the pipe and tie the supplied heat generator to it, or design and manufacture this pipe along with the heat generator. This leads to additional costs for the manufacture and operation of it. The presence of the dividing wall involves the use of additional qualifications of the working composition, which leads to higher prices for delivery and installation on site. This heat generator is suitable for the use of mixing heat exchangers, where heat is transferred through direct contact of the cooled and heated substance. Therefore, an additional study of its layout for the use of recuperative heat exchangers is required, laying in it a system for their periodic cleaning, convenient for such maintenance. The manufacture of inclined walls of the combustion chamber leads to the destruction of the lining of its walls during container loading of fuel containing pencils.

Known for the prototype is a heat generator consisting of a combustion chamber with a top loading window with a lid, an expansion chamber and an adjustable exhaust device, including a cyclone and smoke exhaust with an adjustable capacity and an exhaust pipe for exhausting gases into the atmosphere. In this case, the combustion chamber and the expansion chamber are pyramidal metal structures with a slope of the side walls from 65 to 85 degrees, having stiffeners on the outside, and inside they are lined with heat-insulating material and separated by vertical masonry with an opening below for the passage of flue gases [see patent description RU No. 2189526 from 08/10/2001. Publ. 09/20/2002. Bull. No. 26]. This heat generator is adapted for the installation of recuperative heat exchangers and has a heat exchange chamber with a recuperative heat exchanger and above it an economizer chamber with an economizer. However, the manufacture of the inclined walls of the combustion chamber leads to the destruction of the lining of its walls during container loading of fuel containing pencils. Like the previous analogue, the heat generator must have a pipe for exhausting the exhaust gases, and this pipe is located either on the ground, to which these gases are discharged, or it is manufactured on site taking into account the parameters of the supplied heat generator. And this means that for designing it, it is necessary to take into account the presence of the pipe and tie the supplied heat generator to it, or design and manufacture this pipe along with the heat generator. This leads to additional costs for the manufacture and operation of it. The presence of the dividing wall involves the use of additional qualifications of the working composition, which leads to higher prices for delivery and installation on site.

Known heater, made in the form of a cast iron plate with two through holes closed rings, reducing the diameter of these holes and a circle, which together with the rings overlaps these holes in the furnaces [see “Technical Encyclopedia” - M.: “Soviet Encyclopedia”, OGIZ RSFSR, 1931, Volume 15, p. 379]. These stoves are installed above the combustion chamber to utilize the heat of the exhaust gases in a Russian stove when cooking and heating water in limited volumes. Such furnaces are installed indoors and heat them by heating the kiln array, and they are not able to utilize heat on an industrial scale.

Known for the prototype is a heater, sometimes called a "plate heat exchanger", consisting of two sheets with vertical plates, when combined, channels are formed inside the sheets between the sheets to pass through a heated body, such as water. On the contour of the sheets there is a groove for installing the gasket in order to seal the internal space between the plates, due to the coupling bolts located on the outside of the perimeter of the gasket. On the inside of the gasket perimeter there are two spaced openings, one for supplying a heated body, and the other for the outlet of the heated body [see Handbook edited by V. A. Grigoriev and V. M. Zorina, “Industrial Heat and Power Engineering and Heat Engineering”, Moscow: Energoatomizdat, 1991, p. 166, Fig. 4.17]. Such heaters are capable of utilizing heat on an industrial scale, but their effectiveness is limited when used only for heating the agent.

Known heat exchange chamber, consisting of a valve regulating the gas inlet, blowing devices located between bundles of pipes located in the housing in the form of a rectangular casing with internal heat protection and from the bottom of which there is an opening connected to the duct leading to the pipe for discharge of exhaust gases into the atmosphere [see . on the Internet http: //www/dlvakotlov.ru/website/index.php/ekonomavzery-chugunve, "Cast iron economizers - Boiler equipment and metal structures", p. 2, Fig. 1]. The supply of exhaust gases to the heat exchange chamber is carried out from above, the amount of intake, which is regulated by a damper. Finding it at the beginning of the path of the hottest exhaust gases is undesirable. Changing the direction of passage of the exhaust gases to the opposite increases the overall path of their passage, thereby increasing the dimensions of the structure and its metal consumption.

Known adopted for the prototype heat exchanger chamber, consisting of a heat exchanger and an economizer chamber with an economizer inside it. The heat exchange chamber is made of a metal box with a lining. From below, it is joined along the perimeter of a rectangular section by bolts with an expansion chamber through asbestos gaskets. In an analogous way, an economizer chamber is made and connected, which is mounted on the upper horizontal plane of the heat exchange chamber. In this case, the lower rectangular section of the economizer chamber coincides with the rectangular hole in the upper horizontal plane of the heat exchange chamber and are hermetically connected [see patent description RU No. 2189526 from 08/10/2001. Publ. 09/20/2002. Bull. No. 26]. In this heat-exchange chamber, the movement of exhaust gases, starting from the expansion chamber, coincides with the natural upward movement of the exhaust gases. On their way there are no dampers and blowing devices that inhibit the movement of the most heated flow and waste heat output. However, for cleaning such heat-exchange chambers, it is necessary to have additional hatches for cleaning, they will be removed for maintenance personnel to get inside for planned cleaning of heat-removing elements, as in terms of perimeter of the lower duct of the heat exchange chamber is 4 × 4 meters.

Known cover of the combustion chamber of the heat generator, overlapping on top of the perimeter of the combustion chamber, forming a loading hole in an inclined plane, located closer to the front wall of the combustion chamber. The cover is made in the form of a rectangular sheet with the possibility of rotation of it, relative to the rear side of the perimeter overlapping the loading hole or opening it [see figure 1 to the description of the patent RU No. 2189526 from 08/10/2001. Publ. 09/20/2002. Bull. No. 26]. The disadvantage of the cover design is its warpage during operation, which leads to an unpredictable combustion process in the combustion chamber and loss of heat generated. During operation of such a cover, heavy manual labor is used. And the increase in the size of the loading hole, together with the elimination of the warping process, makes the lid design so heavy that it becomes not lifting for manual labor. Small dimensions of the feed opening exclude container loading of the combustion chamber.

Known adopted for the prototype cover of the combustion chamber of the heat generator, overlapping on top of the perimeter of the combustion chamber, forming a loading hole located closer to the front wall of the combustion chamber. It consists of a rectangular closing part reinforced from above with stiffeners. From above, the closing part of the lid has a frame with two parallel beams protruding beyond its dimensions. In this case, the free ends of the beams are connected in one piece with an axis mounted on top of the overlapped part of the combustion chamber outside the loading opening in the respective eyes. On the one hand, the axis protrudes beyond the external dimensions of the perimeter of the combustion chamber and is connected with a one-piece connection to a lever directed to the side and upward from the cover of the cover at an acute angle to the horizontal plane, on the end of which a counterweight is suspended. On the other hand, the closing part of the cover has a lever that protrudes beyond the dimensions of the front wall of the combustion chamber and is a handle for opening and closing the loading opening of the combustion chamber [see figure 1 to the description of the patent RU No. 2253797. Publ. 06/10/2005. Bull. No. 16]. Although in this case, an increase in the loading opening allows container loading, and the stiffening ribs slow down the warpage of the lid, and the presence of a counterweight facilitates manual labor. Nevertheless, during container loading, individual loading elements may hit the perimeter of the loading hole, which prevents the lid from closing tightly and, as a result, leads to a violation of fire safety, not to mention the loss of heat generated, and an unpredictable combustion process in the combustion chamber. The design of the cover in question does not allow making a loading hole around the perimeter of the combustion chamber, so that the parameters of the loading hole and the parameters of the perimeter of the combustion chamber are equivalent.

The task of the group of inventions is, using container loading, to eliminate the violation of the lining, which leads to a decrease in the life of the heat generator. To increase the efficiency of the heat recovery process due to the layout of the equipment and improvement of its individual components, in particular, not increasing the size of the equipment, but reducing them to increase the path of the passage of flue gases with more efficient heat removal and purification of flue gases, improve the maintenance process and simplify the assembly process.

The technical result of the group of inventions is to increase the reliability and efficiency of the heat generator, which ultimately affects the reduction of the cost of the process, utilization of the generated heat and its use for heating various rooms or in the production process that requires heat. Reduced additional costs for the manufacture and operation of it, the use of less energy-intensive equipment. Fire risk is reduced.

This goal is achieved in that the method of burning wood waste with heat recovery includes supplying fuel to the loading hole of the combustion chamber, igniting it with supplying air to the combustion chamber through the air intake channel, flue gas output through the expansion chamber with an adjustable exhaust air flow, and heat is taken away by the heating agent passing through a heat exchanger with the purification of flue gases from solid particles before the start of heat removal and then after heat removal with the subsequent release of exhaust gases into the atmosphere, etc. why the flue gases entering the separation chamber are divided into two streams, each of which rotates in a circle around a vertical virtual axis passing through the center of the heater holes, and at the same time rises up to the holes of the heater, which selects heat by the heating agent from the two separated streams, passing they are unhindered through these openings for connecting these two streams in a heat exchange chamber, and aligning the connected stream for selection by a heating agent with transverse sweat com and the common movement direction of motion of its top coinciding with the direction of movement of flue gases, the heat passing through the heat exchanger, its purification and in the heat exchange chamber before being discharged to the atmosphere.

This goal is achieved in that the heat generator is a modular block device of a metal box construction and consists of a combustion chamber with a top loading window with a lid, an expansion chamber with the functions of a mixing and cleaning chamber, a heat exchanger chamber with a heat exchanger and an adjustable exhaust device including a smoke exhauster with an adjustable performance and exhaust pipe to the atmosphere, while the combustion chamber and the expansion chamber have outside stiffeners, and inside and lined with a lining and have a bottom hole for the passage of flue gases, and the combustion chamber is connected to the expansion chamber by an adapter with a rectangular opening, opposite which there is a protrusion in the form of a prism, a triangular section in plan with a base and height corresponding to the adapter hole, and an expansion chamber it is closed on top with a heater in the form of a plate with two openings for the passage of flue gases into the heat exchange chamber, in which the heater is the base, and the cover of the combustion chamber equipped with a mechanism for its automatic lifting and mounted by a groove of rotating disks on guides located on top of the binding of the loading window of the combustion chamber along the side vertical walls, and two rear wheels in two vertical struts located on top of the binding of the loading window of the combustion chamber along the rear vertical wall.

This goal is achieved in that the heater consists of two rectangular sheets located parallel to the gap between them and interconnected around the perimeter, forming a flat sealed tank with holes for entering and exiting the cavity of the heating agent, and it has two through holes that connected circumferentially between the sheets, and the centers of which are symmetrically spaced apart by a distance L ₁ along the symmetry axis extending between the long sides of rectangular sheets and along which a topsheet on the input side and output one set two partitions between the perimeter and the first through hole, the second between the two through holes, wherein the partition walls between the set and the backsheet has a gap width S _1.

In this case, cylindrical spacers arranged in a checkerboard pattern or in any other random order are installed between two rectangular sheets.

This goal is achieved in that the heat exchange chamber consists of a rectangular frame, the side surface of which is closed by metal sheets having a lining and forming side walls, with a heat exchanger located inside the inlet and outlet of the heated agent, and the side wall on the side of the combustion chamber is made vertical and its entire inner surface has a continuous lining, and the opposite wall is removable and rotatable, in the casing of which is a heat-shielding material, In this case, the heat exchanger is a separate assembly unit and is a combination of the smooth pipe groups located between the collectors located below and the finned groups located above, and the heat exchanger chamber has a rectangular opening at the top, which is closed by a rectangular box with a rectangular plate with two through holes row with nodes for moving the overlap of these holes located below the side holes for the gas duct.

-образную отбортовку с нижним выступом наружу, а внутри короба расположен теплозащитный материал, который установлен при помощи металлических штырей, прошивающих теплоизоляцию и проходящих через отверстия в держателях, расположенных внутри короба к листу, при этом закрывающая часть неразъемным соединением подвешена снизу к регулируемым проставкам, расположенным по периметру подвижной прямоугольной рамы в отверстиях выступов подвеса, при этом крышка в закрытом состоянии расположена выточками дисков внизу ската направляющих, а два задних колеса снизу в двух направляющих вертикальных стоек, и расположена параллельно горизонтальной плоскости, а в открытом состоянии крышка расположена выточками дисков вверху наклонной части направляющих, а два задних колеса вверху в двух направляющих вертикальных стоек, и расположена к горизонтальной плоскости под углом β,This goal is achieved in that the lid of the combustion chamber of the heat generator consists of a movable frame with a gripper, from the bottom of which there is a closing part reinforced from above with stiffeners, the movable rectangular frame consisting of two crossbars and two parallel crossbars with protrusions at the ends installed down and out , and in which there are axes with rotating at their ends, facing outward in front of the discs with recesses on the outer diameter of the protrusion, and behind on the opposite side of the crossbars of the mouth copulating wheels, and the closing portion of the lid consists of a rectangular box, closed top sheet and having a perimeter

-shaped flanging with a lower protrusion to the outside, and inside the box there is a heat-shielding material, which is installed using metal pins, stitching the insulation and passing through the holes in the holders located inside the box to the sheet, while the closing part is inseparable by hanging from the bottom with adjustable spacers located along the perimeter of the movable rectangular frame in the holes of the suspension protrusions, while the cover in the closed state is located by the recesses of the disks at the bottom of the slope of the guides, and two behind these wheels in the bottom two guide uprights, and is disposed parallel to the horizontal plane and in the open position the cover is disposed above the inclined disc recesses of the guide, and two rear wheels at the top two guide uprights, and is disposed to the horizontal plane at an angle β,

where β is the angle of deviation of the cover plane from the horizontal plane in degrees.

Figure 1 presents a General view of the heat generator.

Figure 2 shows a section aa. View of the heater without firing lining.

Figure 3 is a section bB. Heater section (increased). The gap is shown enlarged.

Figure 4 - view In the heat exchanger without installing it.

Figure 5 is a view of the nozzles of the inlet and outlet of the agent of the installed heat exchanger in the heat exchange chamber from the side of arrow B.

Figure 6 is a view D for connecting the agent outlet pipe from the heater to the agent inlet pipe to the heat exchanger installed in the heat exchanger chamber.

7 is a view of E on the cover of the combustion chamber.

On Fig - section MF of the cover with a view of the mounted disk with the support of the undercut on the guide (rotated).

Figure 9 is a cross section And-And covers with a view of the rear wheels in vertical guides (rotated).

Figure 10 - remote element I is increased.

Figure 11 is a cross section KK.

On Fig - scheme of lifting the cover.

In Fig.13 is a view of M on the exhaust pipe together connecting it with the duct of the exhaust fan.

On Fig - view of N on the node lifting the cover of the heat exchange chamber.

For convenience, the description of information confirming the possibility of implementing a group of inventions, it is proposed to begin the description of this section with a heat generator.

The heat generator is a modular-block device of a metal box construction and consists of a combustion chamber 1 with a top location of the loading window closed by a cover 2, an expansion chamber 3 with the functions of a mixing and cleaning chamber. The combustion chamber 1 is connected to the expansion chamber 3 by an adapter 4 with a rectangular hole. A heat exchanger 5 with a heat exchanger 6, equipped with a rotary wall 7, is installed above the expansion chamber 3, and a heater 8 is installed between the expansion chamber 3 and the heat exchange chamber 5. A gas duct 9 is installed on top of the heat exchanger chamber 5 with a smoke exhauster 10, which supplies exhaust gases through the pipe 11 to the atmosphere.

The loading window of the combustion chamber 1 is located above the perimeter of its vertical walls with their inner lining. In the center of the front vertical wall of the combustion chamber 1 in its lower part, there is an air intake channel 12. Four ash pans 13 are made on the lateral vertical walls, located in pairs below, and serve as technological holes for cleaning the combustion chamber 1 from slags formed during combustion. On the rear vertical wall of the combustion chamber 1 opposite the intake channel 12 there is a rectangular hole corresponding to the rectangular hole of the adapter 4. The adapter 4 of rectangular cross-section inside has a lining with the formation of a common rectangular hole with the combustion chamber 1 and the holes on the front vertical wall of the expansion chamber 3.

The expansion chamber 3 consists, like the combustion chamber 1, of vertical walls with their inner lining. On the rear vertical wall of the expansion chamber 3, opposite the rectangular opening of the adapter 4 and the corresponding hole of the mating vertical wall of the expansion chamber 3, a protrusion is made 14. On the vertical side walls of the expansion chamber 3 there are two ash pans 15 below, one on each side to clean it from slag formed during the afterburning and precipitation of combustion products.

The protrusion 14 is located symmetrically with respect to the vertical axial line of the rectangular opening of the adapter 4 and passes through the axial line dividing in plan the combustion chamber, the opening of the adapter 4 and the expansion chamber 3 in half.

The protrusion 14 has the form of a triangular pyramid with a height H, the isosceles sides of which, facing the rectangular opening of the adapter, are made along the radius R, and the length of the base is L (see figure 2).

On top of the expansion chamber 3 is covered with a heater 8 (see figure 1), made in the form of a plate with nozzles of the intake 16 (see figure 2) and the outlet 17 of the heating agent. The heater 8 consists of two parallel sheets 18, located with a gap between them for the passage of the heating agent and combined with each other with the formation of two holes 19 for the flow of exhaust gases from the expansion chamber 3 into the heat exchange chamber 5. In the collection of sheets 18 form a sealed container, inside which the heating agent moves, and through the openings 19, the centers of which are spaced apart by a distance L ₁ , flue gases pass.

The heater 8 inside has two partitions 20 and 21 (see figure 3). The partition 20 is installed between the sheets 18 along an axial line running along the sheets 18 from the end at which the nozzles 16 and 17 are located to the first hole 19, and the partition 21 is located between the holes 19. The gap 22 between the sheets 18 in the section from the second hole 19 to the end It is free and has no partitions. Moreover, between the bottom sheet 18 and the partitions 20 and 21 there is a gap 23 of width S ₁ . The sheets 18 are interconnected by cylindrical spacers 24 located in a checkerboard pattern or in any other random order. The heater 8 is at the same time the basis for installing the heat exchange chamber 5.

The heat exchange chamber 5 consists of a rectangular frame mounted on a heater 8, inside which a removable heat exchanger 6 is located. From the side of the combustion chamber 1, the frame of the heat exchange chamber 5 has a continuous vertical wall, and a lining is made over its entire internal area. On the opposite side of the frame, the wall is made of a removable and rotatable wall 7. The sides of the frame are sheathed with removable walls in the form of casings. On top of the heat exchange chamber 5 has a rectangular hole, which is closed by a box 25 (see figure 1) with a side hole for the duct 9.

A heat exchanger 6 is installed inside the heat exchange chamber 5. The heat exchanger 6 is a separate assembly unit and is a combination of a group of smooth pipes 26 (see Fig. 4) and a group of finned tubes 27 arranged in groups one above the other, between the combined collectors 28. The group of smooth pipe 26 is located below in three in four rows from the side of the exhaust gas with opposite symmetry with respect to the axis passing between the centers of the holes 19 of the heater 8 (see figure 2). The heat exchanger 6 has a bottom inlet for the heating agent from the outlet pipe 17 (see figure 2) to the lower part of the collector 29 (see figure 4), separated by a partition 30. The inlet in the bottom of the collector 29 has a pipe 31, which through the pipeline 32 (see figure 5, 6) is connected to the outlet pipe 17 (see figure 1). The outlet from the upper part of the collector 33 (see figure 4) is located on top of the heat exchanger 6 and has a pipe 34 for supplying a heated agent to the consumer.

-образную отбортовку 47 по периметру с нижним выступом наружу. Внутри короба расположен теплозащитный материал 48, который крепится при помощи металлических штырей 49, прошивающих теплоизоляцию и проходящих через отверстия в держателях 50 (см. фиг.8), которые при помощи сварки крепятся внутри короба к листу, закрывающему короб сверху.The cover 2 of the combustion chamber 1 consists of a movable rectangular frame 35 (see Fig. 7), from the bottom of which a closing part 36 is mounted on adjustable spacers 37 located around the perimeter of the movable rectangular frame 35. The movable frame 35 consists of two parallel bars 38 and two cross members. Bottom of the crossbeams 38 in the corners of a rectangular frame 35 mounted protrusions. Two protrusions 39 (see Fig. 8) are mounted in front at an angle to the outside, in which there are axles 40 with discs 41 rotating on their ends facing outward, having an indentation 42 along the outer diameter to form a depression. And two protrusions 43 (see Fig. 9) are mounted on the opposite side of the crossbars 38, in which the axles 44 are located with the rear wheels 45 rotating on their ends facing outward. On the rear cross member of the movable rectangular frame 35, a gripping unit 46 is installed from above in the middle; by means of which the lid 2 is lifted and the loading window of the combustion chamber 1 is completely opened. The closing part 36 of the lid 2 consists of a rectangular box closed at the top and having a bottom

-shaped flange 47 around the perimeter with the lower protrusion outward. Inside the box is a heat-shielding material 48, which is fastened with metal pins 49, stitching the insulation and passing through the holes in the holders 50 (see Fig. 8), which are welded to the inside of the box to the sheet covering the box from above.

In the closed state of the cover 2, two disks 41 by recesses 42 are located at the bottom of the bottom, made along the radius of the ramp 51, the guides 52, and the two rear wheels 45 from the bottom in two vertical rails 53.

A method of burning wood waste with heat recovery is to supply fuel to the loading hole of the combustion chamber 1, to ignite it with supplying air to the combustion chamber 1 through the air intake channel 12. The flue gases are removed from the combustion chamber 1 through a rectangular opening of the adapter 4, which directs the flow of smoke of gases to the protrusion 14 of the expansion chamber 3. The flue gases entering the expansion chamber 3 by the protrusion 14 divide it into two equal flows, each of which rotates around a circle around a vertical the axis passing through the center of the holes 19 of the heater 8. Therefore, the expansion chamber 3 acquires the functions of a separation chamber. At the same time, rotating in different directions, the separated flows rise up to the holes 19 of the heater 8, which carries out the heat removal by the heating agent passing inside the cavity of the heater 8, passing between two rectangular sheets 18. In this case, before the heat is taken off by the heating agent passing inside the cavity of the heater 8 , there is a cleaning of flue gases from solid particles. The separated flue gas streams cleaned at this stage freely pass through the openings 19 of the heater 8 and enter the heat exchange chamber 5, where they are combined and pass in the space between the smooth pipes 26 and the finned tubes 27 of the heat exchanger 6, rising upward. In the heat exchange chamber 5, the connected stream is equalized and its heat is simultaneously taken away by the heating agent passing through the smooth pipes 26 and finned tubes 27 of the heat exchanger 6 with flue gas cleaning. Then, through the opening of the duct 25 and the gas duct 9, the flue gases from the exhaust fan 10 discharge the exhaust gases into the atmosphere through the pipe 11.

The heat generator and its parts are mainly made of sheet and profile steel 3 as follows. The walls of the combustion chamber 1 with a height of 2700 mm are made of sheet steel with their strengthening from the outside by a vertically installed profile and lining from the inside. At the same time, along the perimeter of the combustion chamber, a loading window is formed on top for loading through this window, mainly, plywood waste using a container of type SK-1-1.75 without a lid measuring 1400 × 1800 × 1100 mm. Similarly, an expansion chamber 3 is made of a size of 2000 × 4000 mm and a height of 2200 mm. And between them, an adapter 4 is installed in one piece, the rectangular hole of which has an inner lining and corresponds to a height of the protrusion 14 equal to H = 1040 mm. On top of the adapter 4 there is an adjustable opening for air to enter the expansion chamber 3, which is closed and opened using a shutter 54, which can be made in the form of a cover, as shown in figure 1. The installation of an automated air intake regulator in the adapter from above allows you to control the process of complete combustion of combustion products in the mixing chamber.

The protrusion 14 is made by laying on the edge of the refractory brick and, in plan view, has the appearance of an isosceles triangle with a base L of 1210 mm and a height S of 460 mm. Studies have shown that the isosceles sides of a triangle can be without fulfilling them along the radius R, i.e. straight.

Box 25 with a height of 1200 mm is made of sheet steel by welding, and it provides a tight movement of exhaust gases into the duct 9 through the side hole. In the middle part, the box is covered by a horizontally rectangular sheet 54 with two rows of adjustable holes 55 (see FIG. 11) located along the long side of the rectangular sheet 54 from one short side to the other. 11, the adjustable holes 55 are shown rectangular. Each row of adjustable holes 55 is blocked by a movable, for example, channel 56 mounted upward on the rectangular sheet 54. The overlap of each row of adjustable holes 55 is carried out using displacement units 57 located on the brackets 58 with the edge of each long side of the duct 25. A rectangular sheet 54 is attached to the inner perimeter of the duct by welding. On top of the box 25 is closed with a removable or blank cover and may have side hatches for cleaning it from the inside. The gas duct 9 at the other end is connected to the exhaust fan 10. The exhaust duct 59 of the exhaust fan 10 (see FIG. 13) is connected at an acute angle to the pipe 11 mounted on the shell 60 with a hatch 61 for periodically cleaning the settling flue gas inclusions.

For the manufacture of heater 8, two steel sheets 18 are taken with a size of 1860 × 4100 mm and a thickness of 5.0 mm. At a distance of 1600 mm, two holes 19 with a diameter of D equal to 290.0 mm are cut along the axial line and symmetrically to them, and holes are drilled staggered with a diameter of 20.0 mm with a pitch of 175.0 mm between them to install cylindrical spacers 24 with a height of 60.0 mm and a diameter of 20.0 mm. One of the sheets is determined by the top and two additional holes with a diameter of 133.0 mm are made on it for the installation of nozzles 16 and 17. From the pipe with an outer diameter of 290.0 mm and an inner diameter of 280.0 mm, two pieces are made with a length of 60.0 mm and on a flat mounting plate with a top sheet located on it 18, these two pipe sections are inserted into two holes 19 with a diameter D of 290.0 mm, seizing them by welding. Then along the perimeter inside the sheet 18 closer to the edge, strips 50.0 mm high and a length equal to the inner perimeter of the sheet 18 are installed, thereby forming a side wall, grasping it to the sheet 18, and which will ensure tightness between the sheets 18. Then from a strip height of 45.0 mm and a length equal to the distance between the side wall and the installed segment of the first pipe with an outer diameter of 290.0 mm, a partition 20 is made. This strip is installed along a common axial line passing through the centers of the holes 19, and welded to the sheet 18, to the installed detecting the side wall and projecting above the tube sheet segment outer diameter of 290.0 mm. Another such strip with a height of 45.0 mm and a length equal to 1600-290 = 1310 mm is installed between a segment of the first and second pipes with an outer diameter of 290.0 mm along a common axial line passing through the centers of the holes 19. Then this strip is welded to the sheet 18 and to the protruding above the sheet, two pipes with an outer diameter of 290.0 mm. Thus, the second partition 21 was obtained. Then, all cylindrical spacers 24 with a length of 60.0 mm were installed in the holes with a diameter of 20.0 mm and the upper sheet 18 assembly, which lies below on a flat mounting plate, was covered with the bottom sheet 18 of heater 8. At the same time, check that all spacers 60.0 mm long entered the corresponding holes of the sheet to be covered and were flush with its upper plane, and pipe segments with an outer diameter of 290.0 mm entered the corresponding holes of the plate 18 and were flush with it. It is necessary to make sure that the covered bottom sheet 18 is located on a strip with a height of 50.0 mm around the perimeter inside the sheet 18 without gaps, and the sheets 18 are parallel to each other, and then it is necessary to grasp by welding the covered bottom sheet 18 with pipe sections and with a strip height of 50.0 mm around the perimeter. Moreover, between the covered bottom sheet 18 and the partitions 20 and 21, a gap 23 is formed with a width S ₁ = 5.0 mm. Then you need to grab everything to a single spacer 24. After this, you can turn the resulting workpiece and begin the final welding of all welds, turning over and moving it repeatedly, bringing the workpiece to a sealed tank. Lastly, pipes 16 and 17 are installed by welding. For technological operations, rigging and installation of heater 8, welds are welded to it from the outside on the side of the loop or staple. After manufacturing the heater 8, it must be checked for leaks. Thus, a heater 8 of a given design is obtained.

The manufacture of the heat exchange chamber 5 begins with the manufacture of the frame from the profile material, and has the following dimensions in terms of 1,100 × 4,200 mm with a height without closure box 25 of 2200 mm. The wall on the side of the combustion chamber 1 has a continuous lining without the use of a binder. The opposite rotary wall 7 of the heat exchange chamber is made rotating by means of loops on which it is attached to the upper crossbeam of the front frame of the frame of the heat exchange chamber 5. Bottom of the two sides of the rotary wall 7 has gripping units for which, using a cable or a halyard 62, the winding unit 63 with the handles 64 rotate the pivoting wall 7 by an angle α equal to 80 ° C, thereby opening the interior of the chamber for inspection and cleaning of the heat exchanger 6 and the heat exchange chamber 5.

The pivot wall 7 consists of a lined movable rectangular frame adjacent to the perimeter to the frame, and is attached to it through an asbestos gasket using bolts around the perimeter. On the inner side of the rotary wall 7 there is a heat-shielding material similar to the heat-shielding material of the cover 2. The winding assembly 63 (see Fig. 14) consists of a reducer 65, a coupling 66 connected to the winding shaft 67. The winding shaft 67 is mounted on two bearings 68 with bearings which are attached to the elements of the site 69 (shown in fragments in the figures) maintenance and installation of the exhaust fan 10 and pipe 11.

At the bottom of the heat exchanger chamber 5, a local lining is placed on the heater 8, on which the heat exchanger is installed 6. At the top, the heat exchanger 5 at the junction with the duct 25 has dimensions of 850 × 4200 mm in plan that correspond to the dimensions of the heat exchanger 6. The collector part of the heat exchanger 6 is made of sheet material and connects to the pipes by welding.

Compatible collectors 28, the lower part of the collector 29 and the upper part of the collector 33 are made in the form of rectangular airtight boxes, between which pipes are located and along which the heated agent moves in a certain way. In this case, the five right ducts of the collectors 28 are offset relative to the four left ducts of the collectors 28. All compatible collectors 28 have the same dimensions along the cross section of 100 × 300 mm and a length of 850.0 mm. Moreover, their parallel sides having maximum areas are connected by corresponding spacers similar to the spacers 24 of the heater 8. The lower part of the collector 29 and the upper part of the collector 33, to which the pipes 31 and 34 are welded, respectively, are provided with corresponding spacers. For a bundle of smooth tubes 26 of the lower row, often referred to as the “fire row”, pipes with a diameter of 57.0 mm and a length of 4100 mm are used. The finned tubes 27 have a rib with a diameter of 95.0 mm.

The finished heat exchanger 6 is checked for leaks, and it is inserted inside the frame from the side open side with the installation of the lower collector part on a partial lining. Since the rectangular sheet 54 has dimensions equal to the inner perimeter of the duct 25 and is welded to it along its entire inner perimeter, inspection windows with hatches on both sides from the side of the duct opening 9 are provided for cleaning deposited combustion products on the surface of the rectangular sheet 54 located above the horizontal plane of the installed rectangular sheet 54. After a test furnace with an agent supply, the side frames of the frame of the heat exchange chamber 5 are closed before industrial operation with rectangular boxes on both sides, with the formation of the side closed walls of the heat exchange chamber 5. The box 25 is mounted on top of the heat exchange chamber 5 using bolts and asbestos gaskets. The heat exchange chamber 5 is ready for operation.

A specific example of the manufacture of the cover 2 depends on the dimensions of the combustion chamber 1, and more specifically on the dimensions of the inner perimeter of the combustion chamber, and more specifically on the perimeter of the loading window, taking into account the thickness of the lining. In our case, we are talking about the perimeter of the loading window, equal to 3000 × 3500 mm, therefore, for the manufacture of a movable rectangular frame 35 of cover 2, a pipe of 120.0 × 120.0 mm of rectangular section was selected, and for vertical guides 53 channel No. 20P. To give stability to the vertical rails 53 when it is raised, they are structurally connected with the elements of the service and installation site 69 of the smoke exhauster 10 and the pipe 11 with the help of inclined and vertical racks with crossbars, jibs, crossbars, and the ties of which are strengthened by various angles, scarves, straps, etc. d. Platforms 69 service are located at different levels and have stairs for lifting staff.

The rectangular frame 35 is made from the condition that in the closed state of the cover 2, the lower horizontal part of its flanging 47 fits snugly against the horizontal perimeter of the trim around the perimeter of the window of the combustion chamber 1, without gaps and gaps. And in the open state, so that the open area of the perimeter of the window of the combustion chamber 1 is maximum and it is not blocked from above by structural elements that impede the free movement of the container and the discharge of its contents into the combustion chamber 1. Therefore, when the rectangular frame 35 is installed on the rails 52, and the closable part 36 is installed on the perimeter of the strapping of the combustion chamber, blocking the window area, adjustable spacers 37 are located in the holes of the protrusions 70 (see Fig. 10) around the entire inner perimeter of the frame 35 the bottom state and are not connected to the closing part 36. In this case, the assembled frame 35 is set to a position corresponding to the closed position when the rear wheels 45 are located below between the struts 53 of the channel, installed shelves facing each other. At this time, the recesses 42 of the mounted disks 41 are located in the lower part of the ramp 51 of the guides 52. That is, the frame 35 is in the extreme left position, and the closing part 36 would completely overlap the window of the combustion chamber 1. At the same time, stiffeners 71, shown in Fig. 7 by cross lines, are mounted on top of the metal box of the lid 2 to prevent stiffness. Adjustable spacer 37 is a bolt of the required length, mounted vertically in the hole of the protrusion 70 head down with two nuts, between which the protrusion 70 is located. After installing the frame 35 assembly and the closing part 36 assembly in the position corresponding to the position of the closed cover 2, the adjustable bolts the spacers 37 are lowered until the head of the bolt touches the casing of the closing part 36, and the bolts are fixed with two nuts on the protrusion 70. Thus, all the adjustable spacers 37 are fixed, in our case there are twenty-eight And then the bolt head fixed on the casing cover part 36 with a light pressing by welding is connected to the casing cover part 36 and the combustion chamber cover 2 is finished. To lift the cover 2, the gripping unit 46 is connected to the lifting mechanism of the cover 2, consisting of a hook 72 (see Fig. 12), a chain 73 on the lifting sprocket 74. The chain 73 is thrown over the pulling sprocket 75, and its end is attached to the load 76. Traction the sprocket 75 is rotated by the gear 77 from the drive 78. Between the sprockets 74 and the traction sprocket 75 below the last level, an interference sprocket 79 is installed. All elements of the cover lifting mechanism 2 are installed using elements of the service platform 69 and installation of the smoke exhauster 10 and pipe 11.

The heat generator is assembled on the basis of standard equipment. So, the smoke exhauster ДН - 6.3 is used as a smoke exhaust, and for the winding unit 63 (see Fig. 14) a worm gear reducer 24M-63 with a gear ratio i = 40 and a torque of M = 10 Nm is adapted. A standard pinch roller used in dryers is adapted for the winding shaft 67. Pipe 11 with a length of 10.4 m is installed at a height of 4.4 m from the installation level of the heat generator.

The implementation of the method is associated with the operation of the heat generator and is as follows. First, the fuel is loaded into the combustion chamber with the cover 2 open. Cover 2 opens as follows. Cargo 76 with the lid 2 closed is at the top. A signal is sent to the drive 78, which rotates the gearbox with the traction sprocket 75, and the load 76 begins to lower and pulls the chain 73. The cover begins to lift, moving the wheels 45 in the guide racks 53, and the disks 41 begin to rotate and move the cavity along the radius ramp 51 guides 52 to the right. Having passed the ramp 51, the disks 41 begin to move along the horizontal part of the guides 52 to the right to the inclined part 80 of the guides 52 (see Fig. 12), which can also be done along the radius. Then, the disks 41 begin to move along the inclined part 80 upwards of the guides 52 until an angle β = 105 ° ± 10% is formed, while the height of the cover lifting L ₂ = 3100 mm and will be equal to the shift of the load 76 down by L ₂ = 3100 mm. At the bottom of the platform 69 has a guard 81, where the load 76 falls. Where L ₂ is the height of the axis of rotation of the rear wheels 45 in the vertical rails 53 in mm, and the angle β is the angle of the cover or the angle between the open and closed cover in degrees, (decreases from 180 to 105 degrees). In the position when the cover 2 is open, and the load is located in the guard 81, the combustion chamber is loaded with fuel. A container loaded with fuel, raised by the operator to a set height, moves from left to right, and is installed above the open combustion chamber 1, is turned over, and the fuel is poured into the combustion chamber 1 through the loading window of the combustion chamber 1. Moreover, the loaded fuel does not come into contact with the inclined plane during the fall the walls of the combustion chamber due to the lack of tilt, which does not lead to the destruction of the lining of the walls. After loading the fuel, the container returns for loading a new portion of fuel and the lid 2 closes. Closing the lid 2 is due to its own weight, and the gearbox with the drive carry out uniformity and smoothness of its closure. In this case, the disks 41 begin to move along the inclined part 80 of the guides 52 down to the horizontal part of the guides 52 to the left, increasing the angle β from 105 degrees to the larger side and thereby closing the lid 2, blocking the loading window of the combustion chamber 1. Then, moving to the left, the disks 41 fall on the horizontal part of the rails 52. At this time, the rear wheels 45 in the vertical rails 53 fall down. The last part of the path until the wheels are completely closed, the disks 4 are moved along the radius of the ramp 51 of the guides 52, the rear wheels 45 in the vertical guides 53 are lowered all the way down. In this flanging position 47, tightly adjacent to the horizontal perimeter of the strapping of the loading window of the combustion chamber 1 without gaps and gaps, overlap the perimeter of the loading window of the combustion chamber 1, thereby setting the cover 2 to the “closed” position. In this case, the angle β is 180 degrees, i.e. is in horizontal position.

Due to the fact that the direction of fuel supply and flue gas outlet does not coincide, the lower layers of fuel are burned first, and the upper layers are dried. As the lower layers are burned, the upper ones fall under the influence of gravity and maintain combustion at the same level. When loading a new portion of fuel through the loading window of the combustion chamber 1, the combustion mode does not change, because the new portion does not come in contact with the combustion zone.

When burning fuel, air is sucked in through the air intake channel 12, which is closed or opened with an adjustable gate (not shown in Fig.). The opening or closing of the air intake channel 12 with a gate can be adjusted either manually or automatically using the drive 82. The flue gases are removed from the combustion chamber 1 by an adjustable exhaust air flow created by a smoke exhauster 10 with an exhaust duct 59 located between the exhaust pipe 11 gases to the atmosphere and a heat exchange chamber with a gas duct 9. First, the flue gases from the combustion chamber 1 pass through a rectangular opening of an adapter 4 of a certain length into the expansion chamber 3. the walker 4 in a certain way forms a flow and directs the flow to the protrusion 14, which divides the flue gas stream directed at it into two equal flows, directing each of them along the circumference and upward to the openings 19 of the heater 8, which overlaps the expansion chamber 3, rectangular in plan, from above. The expansion chamber 3 in plan, divided in half in the direction of travel, forms two rectangles, in the center of which the centers of the holes 19 of the heater 8 are projected. when the horizontal plane of the heater 8 is superimposed on the lower horizontal plane of the expansion chamber 3, the centers of the holes 19 coincide with the intersection points of the bisectors of the corresponding rectangle, and which are the centers of the circles inscribed in these rectangles. The flue gas flows begin to rotate around each of its common vertical axis passing through the center of the holes 19 and the centers of the circles inscribed in these rectangles, shifting inclusions to the periphery while moving it up. As a result, inclusions of saturated peripheral flow settle along the periphery of the walls inside the expansion chamber 3, i.e. in its corners, and the cleaned stream enters the heat exchange chamber 5 through two openings 19 of the heater 8.

Studies have shown that the flue gas stream scrolls around a common vertical axis (which should be called the "virtual axis" passing through the center of the holes 19 and the centers of the circles inscribed in these rectangles, up to four times, thereby extending the path of inclusions along the periphery several times. For comparison, if such a path passes in a conventional expansion chamber of our dimensions, then it must be made 15 meters higher, without any cleaning effect, and in this way two streams move, while one rotates clockwise, and the second opposite: Once in the heat exchanger chamber 5, two streams of flue gas, 80% purified, are combined and pass through the heat exchanger 6, entering the upper part of the heat exchanger chamber 5. There, the stream of purified flue gases is braked by a rectangular plate 54, for aligning it from the bottom of the rectangular stove 54 over its entire horizontal surface, due to the openings 55, the area of which is regulated Passing through the heat exchanger 6 of the heat exchange chamber 5 and through the rectangular plate 54, duct 25, the first flue gas stream ki is additionally treated, as evidenced by the presence of fine sediment fraction inclusions heater 8 from above, at the economizer tubes from above and a rectangular plate 54. For cleaning of these deposits the heat exchange chamber is provided with a lifting wall and two hatches (FIG. not indicated) from the side of the hole for the duct 9 of the duct 25, through which access is made inside the heat exchange chamber 5.

From the heat exchange chamber 5, an even more purified flue gas stream through the gas duct 9 by the exhaust fan 10 through the outlet duct 59 enters the pipe 11 mounted on the shell 60 and then through the pipe 11 to the atmosphere. At the same time, when the gas stream arrives, the gas stream is additionally cleaned, as evidenced by the presence of fine deposits at the bottom of the shell 60, for cleaning which there is a hatch 61 on the shell 60.

Moreover, when the flue gas flows carry the heat of the combustion chamber 1 and reach the lower surface of the heater 8, a heating agent moves inside the heater 8, to which the bulk of this heat is transferred.

At this time, the movement of the heating agent, which is fed into the sealed cavity of the heater 8, through the pipe 16, is as follows. The heating agent, entering the first half of heater 8, has a general direction of movement of the bulk of the agent along the long side of the rectangular heater 8, first moving past the first hole 19, and then past the second hole 19, and bending around it in radius, is directed in the opposite direction. Here he moves along the opposite long side of the rectangular heater 8 in the reverse order. At the same time, on the way from the pipe 16 to the free gap 22, a part of the stream is separated from the main one and enters the second half of the heater 8 along the bottom sheet 18 of the heater 8 through the slots 23. After the passage of the free gap 22, the main part of the stream moves in the opposite direction to the pipe 17, where it is combined with the earlier part of the flow that has separated from it and the heated enters the pipe 17 and then through the pipe 32 to the pipe 31 of the collector 29 of the heat exchanger 6 of the heat exchange chamber 5.

The movement of the heating agent in the heat exchanger 6 is as follows. From the collector 29, the heating agent is sent through six smooth pipes 26, arranged horizontally from the bottom in three in two rows, to the opposite collector. From this collector, he goes through the other six smooth pipes 26, located similarly above the first six in the opposite direction and ends up in the opposite collector located above the collector 29, but not combined with it. This completed the passage of the heating agent through the smooth pipes of the fiery tube bundle. Further, from the collector, the last mentioned, it enters the first horizontal row of six finned tubes 27 from the bottom and changes its direction of movement to the opposite. Those. it moves to an oppositely located collector 28 mounted on the fire row collector, but not aligned with it. Further, from this collector connected to the second row of six finned tubes 27, the heating agent is directed along them in the opposite direction to the second collector 28 and so on for all other seven out of nine collectors 28. This part of the collector of finned tubes 27 in practice is most often called an economizer. And, finally, having passed all ten rows of finned tubes 27, the heating agent enters the manifold 33 and from it passes through the pipe 34 to the consumer.

The heat generator is equipped with a mechanized loading device, which is a crane beam equipped with an electric hoist with a lifting capacity of two tons and providing simultaneous loading of fuel into the combustion chamber from containers with a volume of 1.5-2 m ³ (in terms of solid fuel). Maximum fuel dimensions, primarily length, are limited only by the size of the container. Therefore, crushing, grinding and drying of fuel is not performed. A container with woodworking waste in the form of veneer, plywood, debarking waste, “pencils”, including in a steamed state, is delivered to the heat generator by a forklift.

The modular-block design of the heat generator reduces the cost of its assembly on the spot, allows you to deliver it by road and road to any region of Russia. On site it is possible to carry out lining without mortar.

Samples of heat generators are at the stage of pilot operation.

Thus, the group of inventions will allow to create a design of a heat generator with smaller dimensions and at the same time increase the path of movement of the exhaust flue gas stream while cleaning it. At the same time, the metal consumption of the structure decreases, which leads to a decrease in the cost of production. Service conditions are improving. Heat loss is reduced. Better volumetric container loading reduces fire risk by eliminating the ingress of loading elements onto the perimeter of the loading window. Provides vertical closure of the lid along the entire perimeter without displacement in the direction of travel when closing. Facilitating the adjustment of the parallelism of the lid and the perimeter of the boot opening. Automatic closure of the lid eliminates manual labor and thereby improves the service conditions of the heat generator. The exhaust pipe is shortened. It becomes more accessible to clean the heat exchanger and heat exchanger chamber using mechanical suction without the presence (presence) of a person in the chamber. Dividing the flow in the expansion chamber into two with its swirling gives the chamber the properties of a cyclone chamber, which leads to an increase in the length of movement of the exhaust gases while cleaning them in the expansion chamber and reduces its size. The uniformity of the flow from the mixing chamber to its exit from the heat exchange chamber is observed, with maximum turbulence of the flow, which increases heat removal and makes it stable.

Claims (6)

1. A method of burning wood waste with heat recovery, comprising supplying fuel to the loading opening of the combustion chamber, igniting it with supplying air to the combustion chamber through an air intake channel, flue gas discharge through the expansion chamber with an adjustable exhaust air flow, and heat is taken away by the heating agent passing through a heat exchanger with flue gas purification from solid particles before the start of heat removal and then after heat removal with the subsequent exhaust of exhaust gases into the atmosphere, characterized in that the flue gas those entering the separation chamber are divided into two streams, each of which rotates around a vertical virtual axis passing through the center of the heater’s holes, and at the same time rises up to the heater’s holes, which heat is removed by the heating agent from the two separated streams, passing them freely through these openings for connecting these two streams in a heat exchange chamber, and aligning the connected stream for selection by a heating agent with a transverse flow of motion and generally direction of movement upwards, which coincides with the direction of movement of flue gases, the heat passing through the heat exchanger, its purification and in the heat exchange chamber before being discharged to the atmosphere. 2. The heat generator, which is a modular-block device of a metal box construction and consisting of a combustion chamber with a top loading window with a lid, an expansion chamber with the functions of a mixing and cleaning chamber, a heat exchange chamber with a heat exchanger and an adjustable exhaust device, including a smoke exhauster with adjustable capacity and a pipe exhaust gases into the atmosphere, while the combustion chamber and the expansion chamber have stiffeners on the outside, and lined on the inside and have a common opening for the passage of flue gases, characterized in that the combustion chamber is connected to the expansion chamber by an adapter with a rectangular opening, opposite which there is a protrusion in the form of a prism, a triangular section in plan with a base and height corresponding to the adapter opening, and the expansion chamber is closed from above a heater in the form of a stove with two holes for the passage of flue gases into the heat exchange chamber, in which the base is a heater, and the cover of the combustion chamber is equipped with a mechanism ohm of its automatic lifting and installed by a groove of rotating disks on guides located on top of the binding of the loading window of the combustion chamber along the side vertical walls, and two rear wheels in two vertical struts located on top of the binding of the loading window of the combustion chamber along the rear vertical wall. 3. The heater, consisting of two rectangular sheets located parallel to the gap between them and interconnected along the perimeter, forming a flat sealed tank with holes for entering and exiting the cavity of the heating agent, characterized in that it has two through holes, which are connected around the circumference between the sheets, and the centers of which are symmetrically spaced by a distance L ₁ along the axis of symmetry passing between the large sides of the rectangular sheets and along which to the top sheet from the input side and you two partition walls are installed - one between the perimeter and the first through hole, the second between two through holes, while there is a gap of width S ₁ between the installed partitions and the bottom sheet. 4. The heater according to claim 3, characterized in that between the two rectangular sheets are mounted cylindrical spacers located in a checkerboard pattern or in any other random order. 5. A heat exchange chamber, consisting of a rectangular frame, the side surface of which is closed by metal sheets having a lining and forming side walls, with a heat exchanger located inside the inlet and outlet of the heated agent, characterized in that the side wall on the side of the combustion chamber is made vertical and its entire inner surface has a continuous lining, and the opposite wall is removable and rotatable, in the casing of which is a heat-shielding material, while the heat exchange ik is a separate assembly unit and is a combination of groups of smooth pipes located between the collectors located below and a group of finned tubes located above, and the heat exchange chamber has a rectangular opening on top, which is closed by a rectangular box with a rectangular plate with through holes in two rows with nodes moving the overlap of these holes located below the side holes for the gas duct. 6. The cover of the combustion chamber of the heat generator, consisting of a movable frame with a gripper, from the bottom of which a closing part is mounted, reinforced from above with stiffening ribs, characterized in that the movable rectangular frame consists of two crossbars and two parallel crossbars with protrusions at the ends installed down and out , and in which there are axes with disks rotating at the ends facing outward in front with recesses along the outer diameter of the protrusion, and with wheels mounted on the opposite side of the crossbars, and the closing part of the lid consists of a rectangular box, closed with a sheet on top and having around the perimeter

-shaped flanging with a lower protrusion to the outside, and inside the box there is a heat-shielding material, which is installed with metal pins, stitching the insulation and passing through the holes in the holders located inside the box, to the sheet, while the closing part is inseparable by hanging from the bottom with adjustable spacers, located along the perimeter of the movable rectangular frame in the holes of the suspension protrusions, while the cover in the closed state is located by the recesses of the disks at the bottom of the slope of the guides, and two behind of the bottom wheels in the two rails of the vertical racks, and is parallel to the horizontal plane, and in the open state the cover is located by the recesses of the discs at the top of the inclined part of the rails, and the two rear wheels at the top in two rails of the vertical racks, and is located at an angle β to the horizontal plane, where β - the angle of deviation of the plane of the cover from the horizontal plane, in degrees.

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