RU2483157C2 - Method of silt control in water offtake from mountain rivers - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engines and pumps.

SUBSTANCE: proposed method comprises forcing channel flow saturated with silt from offtake lower poll via silt carrying channel with one or several discharge structures, spaced apart and branched therefrom, and accumulating silt by discharging channel flow saturated with silt via discharge structures equipped with valves. Water is discharged into tanks located outside said offtake and provided with discharge pipelines communicated with natural water source. Said silt is regularly discharged from silt. Silt carrying channel with one or several discharge structures, spaced apart and branched therefrom, is composed of directional well or well cluster to allow water self-flowing therein. Valves arranged in discharge structures feature remote control. Discharge water ducts are also composed of directional well or well cluster to allow water self-flowing therein.

EFFECT: expanded operating performances, lower labor input, preservation of river meadow natural landscape.

4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to methods for controlling sediment at water intake sites located on the rivers of the mountain foothill zone.

A known method of water purification (Abramov NN Water supply. - M., 1958, Fig. 285) by deposition of impurities in the lower part of the vertical sump in the form of a round basin in plan with a conical or almost flat bottom and periodic removal of sediment. The disadvantage of this method lies in the unresolved problem of removing sediment from the place of storage when the issue of sediment removal outside the vertical sedimentation tank to the storage location is solved, that is, they are stored in the floodplain of the river (with distortions of the natural landscape and the need for subsequent multiple development of cones of sediment sediment removal by expensive mechanisms) or taken to the fields (with cluttering them and reducing soil fertility).

A known method of sediment removal from a shelf sump (autosw. No. 1465072, MKI B01D 21/02, 1987), comprising a housing with a conical bottom and a source of liquid supply, packages of inclined precipitation plates installed along the longitudinal axis with a gap between each other , a clarified liquid outlet chamber, a sediment unloading unit provided with a screen having in the upper part of the plate inclined towards the center and in the lower lattice of L-shaped profiles, the gaps between which increase with distance from the plates, and a vibration device, while the packages, mustache tanned at the output of the initial stream are rigidly interconnected and connected to the vibration device. The disadvantages of this method are as follows: 1) the use of a stationary mounted rotating screw 18 to move the sludge from the housing 1 outside of it into the chamber 19 solves the particular question of the local location of the sludge within the shelf sump (ed. St. No. 1465072, figure 1, pos. .19, 20) and reduces the reliability of the method, since the parts rotating in contact with a large mass of sediment are often wedged and abraded as a result of high dynamic loads; 2) the use of a screw pump 20 for unloading sludge from the chamber 19 leads either to clutter up the location of the shelf sump (with difficulty accessing it for preventive and operational work), or to large material and energy costs for transporting sediment using a screw pump system ( or screws) at distances remote from the shelf sump (ibid., Fig. 1, item 19, 20); 3) the unresolved within the framework of the known method of the task of removing sediment from the place of their storage and the unresolved problems of preserving the natural landscape of the floodplain of the river.

A technical solution close to the claimed one is a method of dealing with sediment during water intake from mountain rivers (ed. St. USSR No. 622924, MKI E02B 8 / 02.09.03. 1977), which consists in the fact that sediments accumulate in the lower pool of the water intake stage by stage, by directing the sediment-rich wash flow into the nanotransport channel, followed by storage of sediment in the form of sediment cones in the river floodplain, the nanotransport channel being in the form of a tray with outlets and placed at elevated elevations along the river floodplain, while the warehouse It is carried out by dumping a stream with sediment through outlets. The disadvantages of the method are: in the distortion of the natural landscape of the floodplain of the river (due to cluttering the floodplain of the river in large areas with removal cones), in the high cost of removing stockpiled sediments (due to the expensive work associated with the development of sediments by special mechanisms, transporting sediments in mountain conditions with using special equipment), as well as due to the construction of roads for transportation in mountainous areas. In addition, the operating conditions and reliability indicators of the sediment transportation system or its operation are limited, for example, during frosty periods in a sharply continental climate, when possible freezing of flows with sediment can lead to problems of its reliable (system) operation.

However, the signs of the known method, aimed at achieving the objectives of the claimed invention, can be used in it and enter into the pre-distinctive part of the claimed invention, that is, be part of a prefabricated prototype: A method of controlling sediment during water intake from mountain rivers, involving the passage of a sediment-rich wash flow from the lower downstream of the water intake unit along the nanotransport channel with one or outlets separated and branched from it, and sediment accumulation is carried out by discharging saturated sediment the wash stream through outlets using valves installed therein.

There is also a known method of dealing with sediment at a water intake site (ed. St. RF No. 2076169, MKI E02B 8/02, application No. 92005220/15 of 11/11/1992, publ. 03/27/1997), including the passage of a wash-saturated wash flow along the transport channel, located at elevated elevations of the river floodplain, and subsequent accumulation of sediment, admission of sediment and their subsequent accumulation in the tank. Tanks are cyclically emptied from sediment and remove them outside the water intake site and river floodplain. The invention allows to a lesser extent (in comparison with the previous method according to ed. St. USSR No. 622924) to distort the natural landscape (there are no drift cones in the floodplain of the river), however, landscape distortion does occur because there is a sediment transporting bed, there are storage tanks sediment load. Moreover, these structures are located near the river, since using them to transport sediment over long distances is economically and operationally impractical. Such industrialized changes still adversely affect the natural landscapes of floodplains. That is, the known method distorts the natural landscape of the floodplain of the river. Another disadvantage is the limited operating conditions and reliability indicators of the sediment transportation system or its operation, for example, during frosty periods in a sharply continental climate, when possible freezing of flows with sediment can lead to problems of its reliable (system) operation.

However, the signs of the known method, aimed at achieving the objectives of the claimed invention, can be used in it and enter into the pre-distinctive part of the claimed invention, that is, be another part of the prefabricated prototype: A method of controlling sediment during water intake from mountain rivers, in which sediment accumulation is carried out in established outside the water intake node of the tank, while the tank is cyclically emptied from sediment and regularly removed. These signs can reduce the complexity and cost, including energy, accumulation and removal of sediment.

The signs of the prefabricated prototype of the claimed invention "Method of controlling sediment during water intake from mountain rivers" can be written as follows: providing for the passage of sediment-rich wash flow from the downstream of the water intake node along the nanosporting channel with one or separated outlets and branched outlets from it, and accumulation of sediment is carried out discharge of sediment-rich wash flow through outlets using valves installed in them, and carry it out to water outlets installed outside molecular node capacitance, wherein the container is emptied by cyclically applied and removed regularly.

However, the method of dealing with sediment during water intake from mountain rivers, adopted as a prototype of the claimed invention, has the following disadvantages:

- operating conditions and reliability indicators of the sediment transportation system are limited, in particular, during frosty periods in a sharply continental climate, when operational problems associated with the freezing of water flows containing sediments may occur;

- changes in the natural landscape, as a rule, in the floodplain of the river, because there is a bed transporting sediment, there are tanks for accumulating sediment, which creates “industrialization” of the types of natural landscape, that is, their serious negative distortions;

- high complexity and cost of removing and transporting sediment from a water intake on a mountain river, which is associated with the need to create a network of mountain roads for transporting sediment during their accumulation - according to the prototype.

The technical result, which is achieved by the claimed method of controlling sediment during water intake from mountain rivers, is to preserve the natural landscape of the floodplain of the river, expand the conditions for its operation and reduce the complexity.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the method of controlling sediment during water intake from mountain rivers, which provides for the passage of sediment-rich wash flow from the downstream of the water intake node to the nanotransport channel with one or spaced and branched outlets from it, and accumulation of sediment is carried out by dumping the wash flow saturated with sediment through outlets using valves installed in them, moreover, they are carried out to the waste water outlets installed outside the intake unit s from which they are connected with a natural source of water, while the tanks are cyclically emptied from sediment and regularly removed, the nanotransporting bed with one or spaced and branched outlets is made in the form of directionally drilled wells or their cluster - additional wells drilled from the main , and the valves installed in the releases are remotely controlled.

In the inventive method of controlling sediment during water intake from mountain rivers, the transporting channel can be made in the form of a pipeline installed along the bottom of the river.

The set of features of the proposed method of dealing with sediment during water intake from mountain rivers allows you to:

a) expand the conditions of its operation, as well as the reliability of the sediment transportation system, for example, during frosty periods in a sharply continental climate. In it transporting channels, as well as waste water conduits - made in the form of wells, are located in the earth's interior with a positive temperature and during their operation there are no problems associated with freezing of sediment flows through them - wells. This explains the expansion of the conditions for its use;

b) to preserve the natural landscape of the floodplain of the river during its implementation. This is explained by the fact that in the inventive method, transporting channels and waste water conduits made in the form of wells are located in the bowels of the earth and are invisible, and the paths of the well paths are such that the places of storage of sediment (well exit to the surface) are removed (their position is selected during design well paths) from the field of view of possible visible natural landscapes and are also invisible. Thus, the implementation of the process of transportation of sediment in the claimed method does not affect the changes in the natural landscape, including the river floodplain;

c) to reduce its complexity, as well as the cost of the processes of removal and transportation of sediment from the intake structure. In the inventive method, the transporting channels are made in the form of directionally drilled wells, the construction of which is possible before crossing the day surface at very large distances and high-altitude drops - practically to the place of their analysis as a building material. This eliminates the transshipment and transportation of sediments during their transportation from the water intake device of the prototype. Thus, the transportation of sediments to the place of their accumulation and loading them into the vehicle are carried out without the cost of this energy and the use of any mechanisms. In addition, the cost of the proposed scheme for transporting sediment is reduced due to the lack of the need to create a network of mountain roads for transporting sediment during their accumulation by known technologies near the intake device.

When performing the proposed method according to claim 2, in which the transporting channel is made in the form of a pipeline installed along the bottom of the river, all the advantages indicated for it according to claim 1 are achieved (explanations and arguments are given above in items a-c), in addition, under certain conditions, their implementation in comparison with its implementation according to claim 1 may be less costly.

Thus, the claimed method of dealing with sediment during water intake from mountain rivers in comparison with that adopted for the prototype allows us to achieve the advantages of preserving the natural landscape of the floodplain of the river, expanding its operating conditions and reducing labor intensity and solves the result of the invention.

Below is an example of the implementation of a method of dealing with sediment during water intake from mountain rivers, hereinafter RLS.

Figure 1 shows a diagram that interprets the implementation of the method with a single-directional directionally drilled well; figure 2 is a diagram of the capacity; figure 3 is a diagram of the accumulation in the tank and unloading sediment from it; figure 4 is a diagram of the accumulation and unloading of sediment with multi-barrel downhole nanotransport channel.

Figure 1-4 introduced the following notation: 1 - floodplain of the river; 2 - dam water intake site; 3 - water intake device as part of a water intake unit; 4 - nanotransport channel - the main multi-directional directionally drilled well; 5 - flushing conduit; 6; 6.1 - capacity with accumulated alluvial deposits in it 7; 7 - sediment in the tank 6; 8 - shutter; 9; 9.1 - discharge water conduit - a pipeline or a well; 10 - vehicle; 12; 13 - additional wells - releases; 14 - installation site of borehole remote-controlled valves; 15 - road; 16 - river to the water intake; 17 - river after water intake.

The remote-controlled valve (14) in the considered embodiment of the claimed RLS is a packer removed from the well (Volkov A.S., Tevzadze R.N. Tamponing of exploration wells. - M .: Nedra, 1986, p. 103, Fig. 45 )

In tank 6 there is a pulp level sensor (not shown) that records the minimum, average and maximum marks (not specified) and associated with the control room, as well as with sound, light or digital alarm systems.

The RLS is carried out as follows.

Option with single well nanotransport channel (figure 1).

In view of the proven technologies for drilling directional, including multilateral wells, they can have a depth of two or more (up to 6) km, and the number of additional wells in a multilateral well of 5 or more (up to ten), in contrast to the prototype, the capacity 6 can be on a large distance. Therefore, when choosing a route for a future directional well - a nanotransport channel, the condition for ensuring the minimum cost of subsequent road transport of sediment from node 6 (maximum use of existing roads and minimum construction of additional roads in mountain conditions) is taken into account. In this case, the optimal position of the node 6 may be such that the subsequent construction of a discharge water conduit from it in the form of an inclined directionally drilled well 9 is more expedient to be performed to the nearest water source, which may be, for example, an underground aquifer or other river (stream), or lake, or others.

During washing periods, the washing flow rate of water, richly saturated with sediment, is directed along a directionally drilled well (in the case of a multilateral one, it is the main one) 4 through the washing conduit 5 to a tank 6, in which sediment is accumulated in sediment 7, and the water discharged from it is discharged through a discharge water conduit or well 9 (9.1) into the riverbed (or other natural source of water or reservoir, for example, into another river, lake, underground aquifer, so that it is not withdrawn from circulation, and the required I "of the Water Code of the Russian Federation"). When the load reaches the maximum mark in the tank 6, an alarm is triggered, information is transmitted to the control room and the tank 6 is emptied from the sediment 7 to the vehicle 10. At the same time, the regulator turns on the electrified shutter 8 opening system, it opens - the tank 6 is emptied sediment 7 into the vehicle 10.

In inter-rinse periods, minimum water flow rates can be established by medium- and low-saturated sediments.

In the inter-rinse periods, the discharge unit 3 may not discharge flushing water with sediment. In such periods, preventive work is carried out aimed at improving the reliability of the tank 6 with a shutter 8, as well as borehole channels 4, 11, 12 and 13, waste water conduits 9 or 9.1, as well as remotely controlled borehole valves 14.

Option with multi-hole borehole (cluster) nanotransport channel (figure 4).

In it, using remotely controlled borehole valves 14, the flow rate of water containing sediments is established from the intake device 3 to either tank 6 or tank 6.1 (to one of the tanks with accumulated sediment in them). At the same time, from the intake device 3, the water flow moves along the main multi-barrel directionally drilled well 4, then, along one of the additional wells 12 (or 13) adjacent to it, to the reservoir 6 (or 6.1), and from it along the spillway in the form pipeline or well 9 (or 9.1) - to a natural source of water, for example, to river 1. To direct the water flow to either tank 6 or 6.1, respectively, a remote-controlled well valve 14 is installed in additional wells either 13 or 12.

After the formation of a specific watercourse with sediment, the modes of their operation in different periods are similar to those described above in the variant with a single-well nanotransport channel.

The inventive method of dealing with sediment during water intake from mountain rivers in comparison with that adopted for the prototype allows to achieve the advantages of preserving the natural landscape of the floodplain of the river, expanding its operating conditions, reducing labor intensity and obtaining the result set for the invention.

Claims (1)

A method of controlling sediment during water intake from mountain rivers, which involves passing a sediment-rich wash flow from the downstream of the water intake node to a nanotransport channel with one or spaced and branched outlets and accumulating sediment by dumping the sediment-rich wash flow through outlets using valves installed in them moreover, the discharge is carried out in containers installed outside the intake unit, the waste water conduits from which are connected to a natural source of water , while the containers are cyclically emptied from sediment and regularly removed, characterized in that the nanotransport channel with one or spaced and branched outlets is made in the form of an oblique direction with the condition of ensuring gravity of the water flow in it drilled borehole or their bush, and installed in the outlets of the valves are remotely controlled, while the discharge conduits are also designed as directional with the condition that the gravity of the water flow in it drilled wells or wells.

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