RU2617472C1 - Method of nonchemical cleaning of circular water from saponite-containing sludge particles - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of physics and can be used for nonchemical purifying circulating water (RH) of saponite-containing sludge particles (SCSP) of weighted solids (WS) in settling basins and surface filtration fields; of colloidal particles (CP) and, incidentally, heavy metals (HM). Tailings Storage Facility (SF) is pre-divided into compartments, a central portion and a retention pond. In the production process contaminated OM (pulp) movable along a straight portion of slurry pipeline from RP to the area to be cleared in the corresponding compartment tailings is acoustically treated using the acoustic coupler module slurry pipeline. The pulp was discharged from the slurry pipeline to the appropriate compartment tailings re acoustically treated in the compartment. Pre-purified in OB section, it is acoustically treated again after its discharge into the central tailings storage facility. During the sonication, the following is performed: acoustic coagulation SCSP (in a slurry pipeline, the compartment and the central tailings storage facility); acoustic degassing OB (in the compartment and in the central part of the tailings); acoustic seal precipitate (in the compartment and in the central part of the tailings); acoustic seal bodies impermeable dams (in the bay); depositing an acoustic source and acoustic previously coagulated SCSP in the compartment and in the central part of the tailings; gravitational sedimentation of coagulated SCSP acoustically previously (in the compartment, and the central part in the settling pond tailings); acoustic gravitationally hydraulic SCSP deposition compartment in the upper part (near the beach areas). OB inside the compartment and in the central part of the tailings from its area corresponding reset to the region of its respective overflow is sent (using dispersed releases of slurry pipeline, the first - in the compartments, the overflow pipe and secondly - in pond-settler overflow pipes and the barrier dam - in the central part of the tailings) at maximum extension of the path; serial overflow from compartment in a central portion tailings settling pond to and withdrawals on RP (water inlet through the well) is carried out only upper (not more than 20% of the water column height).

EFFECT: fast and efficient separation into two phases - liquid and solid saponite-containing tails concentrator enrichment; in a fast and efficient cleaning of the OB from SCSP; in a fast and high-quality seal MTR; in the quality of bodies of water-resistant seal dams in a relatively simple manner with minimal financial and time expenses on medical safety for human and environmental safety for the environment as a whole.

9 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of physics and can be used: for the reagent-free purification of industrial sap from saponite-containing sludge particles (SSSh) and the non-reagent compaction (thickening) of saponite-containing sludge (MTR) - in the interest of increasing production efficiency (for example, diamond mining efficiency in the Arkhangelsk region) ; for reagent-free treatment of wastewater (for example, quarry, dump, etc.) of industrial waters from suspended solids (explosives) in settling tanks and on surface filtration fields (PPF) - to ensure environmental safety of production; for preliminary preparation of drinking water - preliminary purification of natural water taken from surface sources (rivers, etc.) from explosives, from colloidal particles (CN) and, along the way, from heavy metals (HM) - in the interests of public health; for compaction of sediment (for example, saponite-containing) in mining facilities (for example, on the alluvium maps) and further use of condensed sediment as a raw material - in the interests of rational nature management; to seal the body of the watertight dam and reduce the filtration of water through it - in the interests of the safe operation of the hydraulic structure (GTS), etc.

There is a method of reagent-free purification of circulating water from explosives, which consists in a minor - 10 ... 30% purification from fine particles (TFA) - with sizes of ~ 0.5 μm to 5.0 μm, a substantial - 30 ... 60% purification from medium-sized particles ( MFD) - with a size of ~ 5 μm to 50 μm and almost complete - 60 ... 95% purification from coarse particles (CDF) - with a size of ~ above 50 μm in the main sedimentation tank (tailing dump); in a minor purification from the TDS, almost complete cleaning from the MPS and complete - 100% cleaning from the MPS in the first additional sump; Significant cleaning from TDS, almost complete cleaning from TDS in the second additional sump; insignificant purification from CP - by a size of ~ less than 0.5 microns, complete purification from SDP, almost complete purification from TSP in a special facility, which is used as an acoustic filter / Acoustic technology in mineral processing // Ed. B.C. Yamshchikova. - M .: Nauka, 1987, p. 225-228 /. The main disadvantages of this method are:

1. Low productivity, due to the limited area of the filter baffle of the acoustic filter.

2. The high cost of cleaning a unit volume of circulating water.

3. Insufficiently rational (clarification of only the upper water layer) use of the useful volume of the tailing dump.

4. The need for special areas for the construction of additional sedimentation tanks.

5. The low quality of water purification from saponite-containing particles (CSP), characterized by small size and the ability to repeatedly increase its volume in water.

6. The inability to thicken the sediment, and, as a result, increase the useful volume of water in the tailings and sedimentation tanks.

7. The inability to seal the body of the watertight dam and reduce unwanted water filtration through it, etc.

A known method of reagent-free water purification from explosives, which consists in a minor purification from the CDC in the sludge tank; in almost complete cleaning from CDF, substantial cleaning from CDF and minor cleaning from TFC by periodic radiation in the aquatic environment throughout its volume of traveling hydroacoustic waves (BHAV), as well as continuous radiation from the air into the aquatic environment over its entire surface of acoustic waves ( AB) of the sound frequency range (UHF) - from 16 ... 20 Hz to 16 ... 20 kHz and the ultrasonic range (UHF) - above 16 ... 20 kHz, in the first additional sump; in the complete cleaning of the CDF, the almost complete cleaning of the CDF and the substantial cleaning of the CDF by periodically emitting hydroacoustic waves in the aqueous medium throughout its volume, as well as continuous radiation from the air medium into the aqueous medium along its entire surface of the acoustic waves of the MFD and UHF in the second additional sump; in almost complete cleaning of the TDS and complete cleaning of the MPS by periodically emitting in the aqueous medium throughout its volume of hydroacoustic waves, as well as continuous radiation from the air into the aqueous medium along its entire surface of the acoustic waves of the MFD and the UHFM in the storage sump connected, through the drainage and drainage systems, by its entrance to the outlet of the second additional settler, and by its exit, through the drainage and drainage systems, to the entrance of a natural reservoir / Bakharev S.A. The method of reagentless treatment of circulating and wastewater from suspended solids. - Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2290247, 2005, publ. 12/27/2006, Bull. No. 36 /.

The main disadvantages of this method are:

1. Insufficiently rational use of the useful volume of sludge sump and additional sedimentation tanks.

2. The need for special areas for the construction of additional sedimentation tanks.

3. Inadequate quality of water purification from MSS, characterized by small size and the ability to repeatedly increase its volume in water.

4. The impossibility of thickening the sediment, and, as a consequence, an increase in the useful volume of water in the sludge tank and in the sumps.

5. The inability to seal the body of the waterproof dam and reduce unwanted water filtration through it, etc.

Closest to the claimed method relates to a non-reagent purification of saponite-containing water (CER) and compaction of a saponite-containing sludge (CCO), which consists in the formation, amplification and periodic — alternating radiation and pause modes, radiation of the BHAV of the ZDCh and UZDCh with an acoustic pressure amplitude of at least 10 ² Pa per a distance of 1 m from the corresponding (HF or UHF) sonar emitter; the impact on the WSS of BHAV of ZDCh and UZDCh: in the area of discharge of treated water (pulp - tailings from the enrichment plant) into the tailing dump, in the central part of the tailing dump - along the path of contaminated water to the intake and in the catchment area (overflow of clarified water); acoustic coagulation of saponite-containing sludge particles (SSSh) in the area of pulp discharge, in the central part of the tailings and in the area of water intake; acoustic degassing of CERs in the tailings: in the central part and in the area of water intake; sediment compaction - due to gravitational deposition of previously acoustically coagulated SNSS, in the area of pulp discharge, in the central part of the tailing dump and in the area of water intake; in the acoustic compaction of the body of the watertight dam of the tailing dump in the area of the pulp discharge - by the directional radiation of the BWA ZDCH and UZDCH; in the mechanical selection of pre-compacted MTR; in acoustic dehydration of selected MTR; in acoustic drying ССО - up to transport humidity, using AV ZDCh and UZDCh with an acoustic pressure amplitude of at least 10 Pa at a distance of 1 m from the acoustic emitter / Bakharev S.A. The method of non-reagent purification of saponite-containing water and sediment compaction. - RF patent №2560772 from 01.24.2014, publ. 08/20/2015, bull. No. 23 /.

The main disadvantages of the prototype method are:

1. Inadequate quality of pulp cleaning - tailings of the enrichment plant (PF) - due to the non-use of slurry pipelines for preliminary acoustic coagulation SSCh.

2. Inadequate quality of recycled water purification under developed wind waves - due to the large area of the water mirror in the tailings and the rise of sediment to the water intake horizon.

3. Insufficient quality of recycled water treatment - due to not using the entire volume of the tailings and direct-flow movement of recycled water from the discharge area to the intake area.

4. Inadequate quality of recycled water treatment - due to the use of only impulse action of BGAV ZDCh and UZDCh.

5. Insufficient quality of sediment compaction due to the use of only gravity for previously acoustically coagulated SSSh, and, as a result, inefficient use of the entire useful volume of the tailing dump.

6. High financial costs associated with the use of a large number of acoustic modules spatially distributed over the tailing area of the acoustic modules, etc.

The problem that is solved by the invention is to develop a method free from the above disadvantages.

The technical result of the proposed method is: effective (fast and high-quality) separation of pulp into two phases (liquid and solid) (moved along the terminal straight section of the slurry line, as well as dumped into the upper part of the corresponding tailing compartment); effective clarification of the circulating (OM) water (in the lower part of the corresponding compartment, in the central part and in the tailing pond of the tailing dump); effective (quick and high-quality) compaction of sediment (in the compartment and in the part of the tailing pond adjacent to the compartment in the area of overflow pipes from the compartment), in high-quality compaction of the bodies of the external watertight dams of the tailing compartments, in a relatively simple way with minimal financial and time costs ensuring medical safety for human and environmental safety for the environment (OPS) in general.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in the known method of reagent-free cleaning of OM from SSSh, which consists in the formation, amplification and emission of HFB HFD and UHFM with an amplitude of acoustic pressure of at least 10 ² Pa at a distance of 1 m from the corresponding acoustic emitter, exposure to HF HFB HFH and UZDCH in the tailings pond, acoustic coagulation of SSSN located in OM, gravitational deposition of previously acoustically coagulated SSSN, acoustic compaction of SSO and acoustic compaction of bodies of watertight dams, instead of tailings use: tailing compartments - sections of the tailings along its outer border, bounded on all sides by watertight dams with spatially spaced and separately overlapped by two overflow pipes on the internal dams, a settling pond - the inner part of the tailings, bounded on all sides by filter dams with four overflow pipes, and also the central part of the tailings - the tailings section, limited: outside - by the watertight dams of the tailings compartments, inside - the filter by dams of the settling pond, and in the center by intercepting dams, excluding direct-flow movement of OM from the discharge area from the compartment into the tailing pond of the tailing dump, which are natural elevations of the terrain and future parts of the dams of the new tailing dump compartments planned for construction, the OM is additionally cleaned in a moving the flow of OM, radiation BGAV ZDCH and UZDCH additionally carried out in a continuous mode, the acoustic effect on the OM is carried out: on the terminal straight section of the slurry line t PF to the tailing dump - with the help of an attached acoustic module on the slurry line, inside - with the help of spatially dispersed several - at least two, stationary floating modules providing acoustic impact on the whole OM, poured from this compartment into the central part of the tailing dump irrespective of where it was dumped into compartment and outside the compartments - with the help of several - at least two, movable floating acoustic modules providing acoustic impact on the whole OM, poured from this compartment into the central part of the tailings irrespective of its overflow location with spatially dispersed at the corners and separately blocked by two overflow pipes on the internal dams (excluding direct-flow movement of OM from the region of its discharge into the compartment to the region of its overflow from the compartment), additionally in the region of OM discharge from the slurry line to the compartments, as well as inside and outside the tailings compartments, acoustic deposition of the initial and previously acoustically coagulated SSCH is used - by means of up-down radiation of the BWA of the ZDCh and UZDCH, in addition to In the tailings ponds, the bodies of all watertight dams of the compartments are acoustically compacted, they also use hydraulic mixing of OM with simultaneous acoustic impact on it: in the terminal straight section of the slurry conduit from the processing plant to the tailing dump and in the area of overflow pipes from the tailings compartments to the central part of the tailing dump, additionally OM in the tailings compartments and in the central part of the tailing dump direct along the most extended trajectories of movement from areas of its discharge to areas e e water intake - by, respectively, using spatially dispersed compartments at the corners and separately overlapping overflow pipes, as well as blocking dams in the central part of the tailing dump (sections of future waterproof dams planned for the construction of tailing compartments).

In FIG. 1 - FIG. 4 presents structural diagrams of a device that implements the developed method of reagent-free purification of organic matter from SSCh. In this case: in FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of a device as applied to the general principle of the implementation of the developed method for the reagent-free purification of organic matter from SNSS; in FIG. 2 illustrates a block diagram of a device as applied to a mounted acoustic module (NAM); in FIG. 3 illustrates a block diagram of a device as applied to a mobile (quickly deployed at a given location using on-shore power) floating sonar module (PGM AM); in FIG. 4 illustrates a block diagram of a device as applied to a mobile floating (PPGAM) hydroacoustic module (quickly rearranged or independently moving and using autonomous power supply).

A device for the non-reagent purification of organic matter from SSSh, for example, in the process of diamond mining at the Lomonosov mining and processing plant (GOK) of OJSC Severalmaz of ALROSA, in the simplest case, contains: a diamond-containing pipe (1) - a round-shaped quarry, a conveyor ( 2) diamond-containing (3) ores (for example, high-capacity vehicles), OF (4), the first slurry line (5), slurry pump (6), the second slurry line (7) with several - at least three (left, central and right) for each tailing compartment, with releases (8) - steel identical to each other pipes smaller than the second slurry line (7) with diameters installed at a certain distance (several tens of meters) from each other along the length of the second slurry line (7), as well as several - at least four (in the number of compartments), identical to each other mechanical

valves (9) installed at a certain (hundreds of meters-units km) distance from each other along the length of the second slurry line (7).

The device also contains: a tailing dump (10) with several - at least four (the first for current filling with pulp, the second for subsequent after filling with slurry for sedimentation of OM, the third - for subsequent after sedimentation of OM - discharge of clarified OM, the fourth - for subsequent after discharge clarified OB preparation for re-pulp reception), identical to each other in functional purpose, tailing compartments (11) (10), each of which contains: an external waterproof dam (12), an internal waterproof dam (13) and two identical to each other rugu (on its functional purpose) lateral impermeable dam (14) being common to two adjacent compartments (11); several - at least two spatially dispersed at the corners of the internal watertight dam (12), identical to each other first overflow pipes (15), the central part (16) of the tailings (10) with blocking dams identical in function to each other (17) - sections of future waterproof dams of the tailings compartments planned for construction (for example, after solid parts of the enrichment tailings fill the current tailings compartments with solid parts), as well as a settling pond (18) with four identical in purpose I (in terms of the number of sides) with external filtration dams (19) and with spatially dispersed several (in terms of the number of sides) of the second overflow pipes (20), identical in their functional purpose, with the second mechanical valves (identical in their functional purpose) (21).

The device also contains functionally connected in series: a water intake (VK) well (22), a first water pipe (23), a water pump (24), a second water pipe (25) and a water supply unit (4).

The device also contains several - at least 8 pcs. (2 pcs. in the inner part of the compartment already filled with pulp - in the area of the first two overflow pipes and 2 pcs. in the inner part of the impression filled with pulp - in the region of the first two overflow pipes), identical to each other in their functional purpose, MPGAM (26 ) installed at anchors in compartments (10) at a distance of several (not less than three) hundreds of meters from each other and at a distance of not more than one hundred meters from internal watertight dams (13), into which contaminated OM pulp has already been discharged (left compartment in Fig. 1) and into which The present time (lower compartment in Fig. 1) is the pulp (tailings of enrichment of organic matter).

The device also contains several - at least three (in terms of the number of external corners of two adjacent compartments with first overflow pipes) PPGAM (27) placed at the same distance from two adjacent first overflow pipes (15) of two adjacent compartments (10), in which they have already dumped the contaminated OM pulp (left compartment in Fig. 1) and into which the pulp (enrichment tailings) is currently dumped (lower compartment in Fig. 1).

The device also contains several - at least four (by the number of straight sections of the second slurry line, by the number of sides of the tailings), identical to each other in their functional purpose, NAM (28) installed on the straight sections of the second slurry line (7) must be up to the corresponding outlets (8 ) of the second slurry line (7).

Moreover, each of the MPGAM (26) contains (Fig. 3): the first waterproof case (29), several identical ones - at least four (according to the number of sides), the first anchor devices (30), which exclude the demolition of the MPGAM (26) with at this anchorage point, several are identical to each other - at least five (in the number of large hydroacoustic emitters), the first lifting and lowering devices (31), eliminating the loss of the corresponding hydroacoustic emitter when it is set up (sample), the first waterproof laboratory (PVNLP) pavilion ( 32), and preventing splashing on the electronic equipment (generators, amplifiers, etc.) located inside the high voltage air conditioner (32), with the first industrial air conditioner (33), ensuring that the internal air temperature (for example, 15- 25 ° C) and the relative humidity set for electronic equipment (for example, 50-70%).

MPGAM (26) also contains: the first hydroacoustic channel (34) for generating, amplifying, and emitting broadband pulsed signals of the ZDCh and UZDCH at a frequency of ω ₁ , including serially electrically connected: the first multichannel - at least 4 channels, a generator (35) the broadband pulsed signals of the ZDCh and UZDS at the soy frequency the first multichannel - according to the number of generator channels (36), the power amplifier (36) of the broadband pulsed signals of the ZDCh and UZDS at the frequency ω ₁ , and several - at least four (on all sides of the MPGAM), the first towards GOVERNMENTAL forward-downward broadband pulsed sonar emitters (37) and ZDCH UZDCH at frequency ω ₁ placed by suitable lifting and lowering devices (31) in the upper layer of water - in the horizon ~ 1.0 m at the water level in the bottom compartment (11 ) ~ 4.0 m; the first hydroacoustic channel (38) for generating, amplifying, and emitting wideband continuous signals of the RFH and UHF at a frequency f ₁ , which includes electrically connected in series: the first generator (39) of wideband continuous signals of the ZHD and UHF at a frequency f ₁ , the first power amplifier (40 ) wideband continuous signals and ZDCH UZDCH at frequency f ₁ and the first non-directional in the horizontal plane of the sonar transducer (41) wideband continuous signals and ZDCH UZDCH at frequency f ₁ disposed respectively using Enikeev first lifting and lowering device (31) in the lowermost layer of water - -3.5 m on the horizon when the water level in the bottom compartment (11) = 4.0 m; hydroacoustic channel (42) for generating, amplifying and emitting continuous ZDC signals at a frequency of f ₂ , including electrically connected in series: multichannel - at least two channels, a generator (43) of continuous ZDC signals at a frequency of f ₂ , multi-channel - according to the number of generator channels (43), a power amplifier (44) of continuous ZDC signals at a frequency f ₂ and several according to the number of channels of a power amplifier (44) that are identical to each other and are not directional in the horizontal plane of sonar emitters (45) of continuous ZDC signals at a frequency f ₂ placed with the first lifting and lowering device (31) of the first sonar channel (38) in the upper-average - at a horizon of ~ 1.5 m at a water level in the lower part of the compartment (11) ~ 4.0 m, and in the lower-average - on the horizon ~ 2.5 m with a water level in the lower part of compartment (11) ~ 4.0 m.

At the same time, each of the PPSAM (27) contains (Fig. 4): a second waterproof case (46), an autonomous source (AIEP) of power supply (47), second lifting and lowering devices (48), eliminating the loss of the corresponding sonar emitter when it is set ( sample), the second waterproof laboratory (VVNLP) pavilion (49), which excludes water splashes on the electronic equipment located inside the VVNLP (49), with a second industrial air conditioner (50), which maintains the inside of the VVNLP (49) installed for electronic equipment Nia air temperature and the set for the relative humidity of the electronic equipment.

PPGAM (27) also contains: a second hydroacoustic channel (51) for generating, amplifying and emitting broadband pulsed signals of the ZDCh and UZDCH at a frequency of ω ₂ , which includes electrically connected in series: the second multichannel - at least 4 channels, a generator (52) broadband pulsed signals of ZDCh and UZDS at a frequency of ω ₂ , the second multichannel signal in the number of channels of the generator (52), a power amplifier (53) of broadband pulsed signals of ZDCh and UZDS at a frequency of ω ₂ and several - at least four (on all sides of PPGAM), second directed 's forward-downward broadband pulsed sonar emitters (54) and ZDCH UZDCH at frequency ω _2, placed by means of the respective second lifting-lowering device (48) in the upper layer of water - in the horizon ~ 1.0 m at the water level in the installation area VPGAM (27) ~ 4.0 m; a second hydroacoustic channel (55) for generating, amplifying, and emitting wideband continuous signals of the RFH and UHF at a frequency of f ₃ , including serially connected electrically: a second generator (56) of wideband continuous signals of the ZHD and UHF at a frequency of f ₃ , a second power amplifier (57 ) broadband continuous signals of the ZDCh and UZDCH at a frequency f ₃ and a second hydroacoustic emitter non-directional in the horizontal plane (58) of broadband continuous signals of the ZDCH and UZDCh at a frequency of f ₃ , placed using the existing second lifting and lowering device (48) in the lowest layer of water - at a horizon of ~ 3.5 m at a water level in the region of ~ 4.0 m; hydroacoustic channel (59) for generating, amplifying and emitting continuous ultrasonic ultrasonic signals at a frequency F, which includes electrically connected in series: multi-channel - at least two channels, a generator (60) of continuous ultrasonic ultrasonic signals at a frequency F, multi-channel - according to the number of generator channels (60 ), a power amplifier (61) of continuous ultrasonic ultrasonic signals at a frequency F and several according to the number of channels of a power amplifier (61) that are identical to each other omnidirectional in the horizontal plane of hydroacoustic emitters (62) of continuous signals of ZDCh n and the frequency F, placed with the help of the corresponding second lifting-lowering device (48) of the second sonar channel (55) in the upper-average - at the horizon of ~ 1.5 m at a water level in the region of ~ 4.0 m, and in the lower-average - on the horizon ~ 2.5 m at a water level in the region of ~ 4.0 m.

Moreover, each of us (28) contains (Fig. 2): a third waterproof (TVNP) pavilion (63) with a third industrial air conditioner (64) and a third hydroacoustic channel (65) for generating, amplifying and emitting wideband continuous signals of ZDCh and UZDCh at a frequency of f ₄ , including series-connected electrically connected: a third generator (66) of wideband continuous signals of ZDCH and UZDCH at a frequency of f ₄ , a third power amplifier (67) of wideband continuous signals of ZDCh and UZDCH at a frequency of f ₄ , and also directed along second respectively the existing rectilinear section of the second slurry conduit (7), a hydroacoustic emitter (68) of continuous broadband signals of the ZDCh and UZDCH at a frequency of f ₄ .

Each of us (28) also contains: a sealed enclosure (69) with a soundproof front cover (70), filled inside with clean (without impurities) water (71), and outside sheathed (covered) with a heater (72), which excludes freezing of clean water ( 71) in the winter; the first mount (73) for fixing the directional sonar emitter (68) inside the sealed enclosure (69) at its maximum distance from the translucent front cover (70); the second fastener (74) for fixing the sealed housing (69) to NAM (28) on the straight section of the second slurry line (7).

In FIG. 5 schematically illustrates the principles: the formation in this compartment (11) and in this region of the central part (16) of the tailing pond (10) of two (the first boundary - from two MPGAM installed at anchors in the compartment, the second boundary - from one GPGAM located in a given the region of the central part of the tailing dump) of the catching sonar boundaries of the reagent-free cleaning of organic matter from SSSh; elimination of direct-flow movement of OM from the discharge region to the overflow area by: opposite (with respect to the pulp discharge region) overflow of the upper layer of the pre-clarified OM from the compartment (11) to the central part (16) of the tailing dump (10), preliminary (for example, at the construction stage existing compartments and the construction of a tailing dump, in general) dumping of blocking dams (17), the opposite (with respect to the area of discharge of pre-clarified water from the compartment) overflow of the upper layer of coarsely clarified OM from the central part (1 6) tailings (10) in the settling pond (18); corresponding closure (opening) of the first mechanical valves (9) and second mechanical valves (21).

In this case: the indices: I, II, III and IV, as well as dashed lines indicate, respectively, the first (mandatory) and second (desirable) -based on APGAM (26), the third (required) and fourth (desirable) - on the basis of PPGAM (27) conditional sonar boundaries of non-reagent cleaning of organic matter from SSSh; indices “O” and “Z”, respectively, the open and closed positions of the first mechanical valves (9) and second mechanical valves (21); a wavy line is the optimal trajectory of the circulating water in the process of its reagent-free purification from SSSh.

The method of non-reagent purification of OM from SSCh is implemented as follows (Fig. 1 - Fig. 5).

In the process of production activity (for example, the extraction of diamonds, etc.) from a diamond-containing pipe (1), a round-shaped quarry, using a conveyor (2), high-capacity vehicles, diamond-containing ore (3), are fed to the processing plant (4).

At the same time, from the settling pond (18) of the tailing pond (10), through the water intake (VK) well (22), using the first water pipe (23), the water pump (24) and the second water pipe (25), completely cleaned of SNSS (finely clarified OM) OM is fed to the OB (4).

At the same time, contaminated organic matter - pulp (tailings of the enrichment phase), containing: coarse dispersed (CD) SSCH in size l _cd - more than 50 μm and a mass of m _cd , medium-dispersed (DM) SSCH in size l _cd - from 5 μm to 50 μm and a mass of m _sd , as well as finely dispersed (TD) SSShCh size l _td - less than 5 microns and mass m _td from the output of the processing unit (4), thanks to the first slurry line (5), slurry pump (6) and the second slurry line (7) dispersed over it the length of the outlets (8) - identical to each other with steel pipes smaller than the diameters of the second slurry conduit (7), is dumped into one of the corners (on Example, the left in Figure 5) of one of several (e.g., into the left compartment of Figure 1) -.. at least four identical to each other in their function, the compartments (11) Tailings (10).

It should be noted that SNSS located in contaminated OM, on the one hand, differ in small sizes (-70% SNSS are represented by the class “-5.0 μm”), and, secondly, they have the ability many times (up to 20 times or more) increase in size in water (able to swell in water).

Therefore, in order to reduce the share of SSShCH TD in the total share of SSSh contained in the contaminated OM (pulp) discharged into the corresponding compartment along the corresponding rectilinear section of the second slurry conduit (7), we deploy NAM (28) containing TVNP (63) with a third industrial air conditioner (64), ensuring the maintenance inside the TVNP (63) of the air temperature set for electronic equipment and the relative air humidity set for electronic equipment. At the same time: a sealed enclosure (69) NAM (28) with a soundproof front cover (70) - to ensure more efficient operation of the hydroacoustic emitter (68) of the continuous broadband signals of the ZDCh and UZDCh at a frequency of f ₄ , filled from the inside with clean water (71) - for ensure the operation of the hydroacoustic emitter (68), and on the outside sheathed (sheathed) with a heater (72), which prevents freezing of clean water (71) in the winter, using the second fastener (74), mechanically fix the sealed housing (69) of the NAM (28) on rectilinear section of the second slurry line ( 7); the sonar emitter (68), using the first fastener (73), is rigidly fixed inside the sealed enclosure (69) at its maximum (transmitter) maximum distance from the soundproof front cover (70).

In turn, with the help of series-electrically connected: a third generator (66), a third power amplifier (67) and a directional (along the sealed housing of the NAM and along the corresponding rectilinear section of the second slurry conduit, as a whole) sonar emitter (68) of the third sonar channel (65) , carry out the formation, amplification and directional radiation of continuous broadband signals ZDCH and UZDCH at a frequency f ₄ .

As a result, under the influence of continuous broadband signals of the MHF and UHFM at a frequency of f ₄ , acoustic coagulation of a substantial (~ 30%) part of the SHSS is performed by mechanically (acoustic) overcoming the barrier distance (caused by the same surface charges in the SHSS) between the SHSS and the attachment (attachment) ) smaller and more mobile TD SSSHCh, to larger and less mobile SD SSShCh and KD SSShCh, as well as SD SSShCh to KD SSSChCh ..

In the future, after the discharge of the acoustically treated pulp (contaminated OM) in the corresponding compartment (11) of the tailings dump (10), the acoustically coagulated SSCNs precipitate much faster (compared to the initial ones) under the influence of increased gravity, and the sediment formed from acoustically coagulated particles, it becomes more dense (for example, compared with a gravitationally formed sediment) in the area where the pulp is discharged into the corresponding compartment (11) of the tailing dump (11).

However, a significant part (more than 70%) of the SSShS TD and a significant part (more than 50%) of the SSShS SDs still remain in the pulp in a free state (not acoustically attached to larger SSSSs) and do not allow further (without additional coagulation) the required quality of cleaning (clarification) of OM. At the same time, the sediment formed by such NSS is loose - it occupies a large usable volume and is able to quickly (within several tens of minutes) even with relatively weak (wind speed 3-5 m / s) wind rise from yes to the water intake horizon.

Therefore, in order to improve the quality of OM treatment (clarification), compaction (thickening) of sediment and the elimination of direct-flow movement: contaminated OM - from the pulp discharge area and coarsely cleaned OM - from the central part of the tailing dump (10), the latter is separated in advance (at the construction stage) by water-resistant dams (external, internal and lateral) to compartments (11) - outside, and filtration dams (19) - inside. At the same time, in the central part (16) of the tailings pond (10), blocking dams (17) are also pre-filled, which will later become, including taking into account the terrain, parts of the new waterproof dams planned for construction.

At the same time: using the appropriate anchor devices (30), several - at least 8 pcs. (2 pcs. in the inner part of the compartment already filled with pulp - in the region of the first two overflow pipes and 2 pcs. in the inner part of the impression filled with pulp - in the region of the first two overflow pipes) identical in their functional purpose to the MPGAM (26) installed in compartments (10) at a distance of several (at least three) hundreds of meters from each other and at a distance of not more than 100 m from internal watertight dams (13), into which contaminated OM pulp has already been discharged (left compartment in Fig. 1) and which is being dumped at present (lower compartment in Fig. 1) pulp (tailings enrichment OF); several - at least 3 pcs. (according to the number of outer corners of two adjacent compartments with the first overflow pipes) ППГАМ (27) are placed at the same distance from two adjacent first overflow pipes (15) of two adjacent compartments (10) into which the contaminated OM pulp has already been discharged (left the compartment in Fig. 1) and into which the pulp is currently dumped (lower compartment in Fig. 1) (tailings of the enrichment phase).

In turn: at each of the MPGAM (26), with the help of several - at least 5 pcs., The first lifting and lowering devices (31), as well as at each of the GPGAM (27), with the help of several - at least 5 pcs. , second lifting and lowering devices (48), are placed on the respective horizons of the corresponding sonar emitters.

In this case, using a series-electrically connected: the first multichannel (at least 4 channels) generator (35), the first multichannel (according to the number of generator channels) power amplifier (36) and several (at least four - one for each side of MIGAM) the first forward-downward broadband pulsed sonar emitters (37), placed using the corresponding lifting and lowering devices (31) in the upper water layer (at a horizon of ~ 1.0 m with a water level in the lower part of the compartment ~ 4.0 m) of the first sonar channel and (34) MPGAM (26) generate, amplify, and forward-down radiation of the broadband pulsed signals of the ZDCh and UZDCH at a frequency of ω ₁ .

Under the influence of the broadband impulse signals of the air deflector and ultrasonic ultrasonic ultrasonic frequency detector at the frequency coi, the following are carried out: acoustic deposition, acoustic compaction of sediment and acoustic compaction of bodies of watertight dams of the corresponding compartment - first of all; acoustic coagulation of SSCHs (first of all, SSSSH SD), acoustic degassing of contaminated OM discharged into the compartment, as well as acoustic deposition of initial and previously acoustically coagulated differently dispersed SSShs in acoustic exposure sectors - secondarily.

At the same time, with the help of series-connected electrically connected: the first generator (39), the first power amplifier (40) and the first horizontal non-directional hydroacoustic emitter (41), placed using the corresponding first lifting and lowering device (31) in the lowest layer water (at a horizon of ~ 3.5 m at a water level in the lower part of the compartment ~ 4.0 m) of the first sonar channel (38) generate, amplify and emit wide-band continuous signals of the MHF and UHFM at a frequency f ₁ .

Under the influence of continuous broadband signals ZDCH and UZDCH at a frequency f ₁ carry out: acoustic coagulation SSCH (primarily SD SSCH) - in the first place; acoustic degassing of polluted OM discharged into the compartment - secondarily.

At the same time, using a series-electrically connected: multi-channel (at least two channels) generator (43), multi-channel (according to the number of generator channels) power amplifier (44) and several (according to the number of channels of the power amplifier) identical to each other non-directional in the horizontal plane sonar emitters (45) placed with the first lifting and lowering device (31) of the first sonar channel (38) in the upper-middle (at a horizon of ~ 1.5 m with a water level in the lower part of the compartment ~ 4.0 m), and in lower Wed One (at a horizon of ~ 2.5 m with a water level in the lower part of the compartment ~ 4.0 m) of the sonar channel (42) of the MPGAM (26) generates, amplifies, and emits continuous signals of the RFM at a frequency f ₂ .

Under the influence of continuous signals ZDCH at a frequency f ₂ carry out, first of all, acoustic coagulation of SD SSSHCH.

As a result of exposure to contaminated organic matter (pulp) with hydroacoustic waves at frequencies ω ₁ , f ₁ and f _{2, they} perform: local (within a radius of several tens of meters from the corresponding hydroacoustic emitter) acoustic degassing (by artificial growth and collapse of dissolved or free gas bubbles in the process of controlled acoustic cavitation) pulp (the physical process is inverse to the swelling of the CSCF in water); sectoral (in the sector of 60-90 degrees in the vertical and horizontal planes, as well as at a distance of up to 100 m or more from the corresponding hydroacoustic emitter) acoustic coagulation (as a result, new SSSh aggregators have greater mass and precipitate faster even when exposed to only gravity forces), sectoral deposition of the initial and previously acoustically coagulated SSSh (as a result, the initial and previously acoustically coagulated SSSh are pressed into the lower layers of water and pressed into an already formed sediment), sec ornoe seal saponitsoderzhaschego precipitate (resulting in droplets of water are squeezed out from between mikroprostranstv SSSHCH) etc.

In the future (Fig. 1 and Fig. 5), the OM preliminarily purified from SNSSh in such a way along the maximum long path (from left to right in Fig. 5) is sent from the discharge area (from the corresponding outlet of the second slurry line) to this compartment (11) to the area its (OM) overflow from this compartment (11) to the central part (16) of the tailing dump (10). However, preliminarily purified from SSShV ОВ also contains: an insignificant part - less than 30%, SD SSShCh, a substantial part - more than 50%, TD SSShCh and a significant part - more than 70% of colloidal SSShCh.

In order to minimize the content of SSSN in the OM, by means of series-connected electrically connected: a second multichannel (at least 4 channels) generator (52), a second multichannel (according to the number of generator channels) power amplifier (53) and several (at least four - one at a time on each side of the SPGAM) the second forward-downward broadband pulsed sonar emitters (54), placed with the help of the corresponding second lifting-lowering devices (48) in the upper water layer (at a horizon of ~ 1.0 m at a water level in the area of the installation of the BCP AM ~ 4.0 m) of the second sonar channel (51) of the PPGAM (27) generate, amplify and emit broadband pulsed signals of the ZDCh and UZDCH at a frequency of ω ₂ .

Under the influence of broadband pulsed signals of the ZDCh and UZDCH at a frequency of ω ₂ , the following are carried out: acoustic deposition, acoustic compaction of sediment and acoustic compaction of bodies of internal watertight dams of the corresponding compartment - first of all; acoustic coagulation of SSSN (first of all, SSSSH TD), acoustic degassing of preliminary cleaned OM discharged from the compartment into the central part of the tailings, as well as acoustic deposition of the original and previously acoustically coagulated differently dispersed SSSN in the sectors of acoustic exposure - secondarily.

At the same time, with the help of series-connected electrically connected: a second generator (56), a second power amplifier (57) and a second hydro-acoustic emitter (58) not directional in the horizontal plane, placed with the help of the corresponding second lifting and lowering device (48) in the lowest layer of water (at a horizon of ~ 3.5 m at a water level in the region of ~ 4.0 m) of the second sonar channel (55) of the PPGAM (27) they generate, amplify, and emit wide-band continuous signals of the MHF and UHFM at a frequency f ₃ .

Under the influence of continuous broadband signals ZDCH and UZDCH at a frequency of f ₃ carry out: acoustic coagulation SSCH (primarily TD SSCHCH) - in the first place; acoustic degassing of previously cleaned OM discharged from the compartment, as well as acoustic deposition of the initial and previously acoustically coagulated differently dispersed SSCHs in the sectors of acoustic exposure - secondarily.

At the same time, using a series-electrically connected: multi-channel (at least two channels) generator (60), multi-channel (according to the number of generator channels) power amplifier (61) and several (according to the number of channels of the power amplifier) omnidirectional hydroacoustic emitters in the horizontal plane (62 ), placed with the help of the corresponding second lifting and lowering device (48) of the second sonar channel (55) in the upper-middle (at the horizon ~ 1.5 m at a water level in the region of ~ 4.0 m) and in the lower-middle (at horizon ~ 2.5 m at the water level in the area of ~ 4.0 m) horizons sonar channel (59) PPGAM (27) is carried out: formation, gain and radiation UZDCH continuous signals at the frequency F.

Under the influence of continuous signals UZDCH at a frequency F carry out, first of all, acoustic coagulation TD SSSHCH.

As a result of exposure to tailings (10) of organic pollutants pre-cleaned in the appropriate compartment (11) by sonar waves at frequencies ω ₂ , f ₃ and f _{4, they} carry out: local (within a radius of several tens of meters from the corresponding sonar emitter) acoustic degassing of the organisms (in the result is a reverse physical process swelling of the CWSS in water); sectoral (in the sector of 60-90 degrees in the vertical and horizontal planes, as well as at a distance of up to 100 m or more from the corresponding hydroacoustic emitter) acoustic coagulation (as a result, new SSSh aggregators have a larger mass and precipitate faster even under the influence of only force gravity), sectoral deposition of initial and previously acoustically coagulated SSChs (as a result, initial and previously acoustically coagulated SSChs are pressed into the lower layers of water and pressed into an already formed sediment), sect the compaction of the saponite-containing sediment (as a result, droplets of water are squeezed out from the microspaces between the NSS), etc.

In the future (Fig. 1 and Fig. 5), the OM preliminarily purified from SNSSh in such a way along the maximum long path (from bottom to top in Fig. 5) is sent from the area of its discharge from the corresponding compartment (11) of the tailing dump (10) to its area ( OM) overflow from the central part (16) of the tailings (10) to the settling pond (18) of the tailings (10). However, the crudely purified OM also contains: an insignificant part - less than 30%, TD SSShCh and a significant part - more than 50%, colloidal SSShCh.

To eliminate this, three times (in the second slurry conduit, at the entrance to the compartment and at the exit from the compartment), the acoustically treated water is sent from the central part (16) to the settling pond (18) of the tailing dump (10) along the longest path (in Fig. 5 - from the right corner of the lower compartment - to the left corner of the upper filter dam of the settling pond). As a result, previously acoustically coagulated SSSNs either precipitate under the influence of their increased gravity or are retained in the bodies of external filtration dams (19).

As a result, an almost completely purified OM containing only an insignificant (less than 0.5 g / l) amount of TDSSSS and colloidal SSSS, thanks to the water pump (24) from VK (22), is directed through the first water conduit (23) and the second water conduit (25) on PF (4).

Further, as the solid parts of the pulp (contaminated with OM) fill the left side of the lower compartment (Fig. 5): the first (left) outlet (8) is closed (moved to position “Z”) and opened (transferred to position “O”) previously closed second (right) outlet (8) from the second pulp line (7); block the right first overflow pipe (15) from the compartment (11) and open the left first overflow pipe (15) from the compartment (11).

Subsequently, as solid parts of the pulp (contaminated with OM) fill up the lower compartment (11) in FIG. 1 (in this case, in the left compartment in Fig. 1, after draining the entire volume of pre-clarified, the electronic and acoustic equipment is dismantled - in the interest of minimizing the acoustic and electronic equipment used in the implementation of the developed method, and install it in the right compartment on the empty AMGAM cases - without acoustic and electronic equipment located at predetermined anchor points there), they switch to filling with solid parts of the pulp of the right compartment in FIG. 1 (in this case, in the lower compartment in Fig. 1, sedimentation and discharge of the entire volume of the pre-clarified OM were carried out).

To do this: block (move to position “Z”) the first mechanical valve (9) and direct the pulp past the upper compartment (11) into the right compartment (11) in FIG. 1 - to minimize the length of the pumped pulp along the second pulp line (7); disable NAM (28) installed on the lower section of the second slurry line (7) and turn on the NAM (28) installed on the right section of the second slurry line (7); the first outlet (8) by the movement of the pulp continues to be left closed (in position “Z”) and the previously closed second outlet (8) from the right (in Fig. 1) section of the second pulp duct is opened (transferred to position “O”) (7); continue to leave the first overflow pipe (15) lower from the compartment (11) lower on the right compartment (11) from the compartment (11) and open (transfer to the “O” position) the first overflow pipe (15) from the compartment (11) upper on the right compartment (11); overlap (translate to position "Z") the upper one in FIG. 1, the second overflow pipe (20) with the help of the second mechanical valve (21) corresponding to it and open the left one in FIG. 1 second overflow pipe (20) using the corresponding second mechanical valve (21), etc.

Wherein:

1. Effective (fast and high-quality) separation into two phases (liquid and solid) pulps provide due to the fact that:

- carry out preliminary acoustic coagulation of differently dispersed SSChs still in the pulp (contaminated with OM), moved along the terminal straight section of the second pulp line;

- carry out acoustic degassing of the pulp discharged into the upper part of the corresponding compartment of the tailings;

- carry out the acoustic coagulation of differently dispersed SSCHs (first of all, those that are still not acoustically coagulated) in the pulp dumped into the upper part of the corresponding tailing compartment;

- carry out acoustic-gravitational-hydrodynamic deposition of the original and previously acoustically coagulated SSSh moving along the body of the beach - the very top of the compartment (pulp discharge area);

- carry out the acoustic deposition of the original and previously acoustically coagulated SSShCh in the installation areas, respectively, MPGAM and PPGAM in the appropriate compartment and in the adjacent Central part of the tailings;

- carry out gravitational deposition of the initial and previously acoustically coagulated SNSS in the regions of the corresponding compartment and the central part of the tailing dump (without MPGAM and INGAM), etc.

2. Effective (fast and high-quality) clarification (purification of OM from SSShCh) OM provide due to the fact that:

- carry out preliminary acoustic coagulation of differently dispersed SSChs still in the pulp, moved along the terminal straight section of the second pulp line;

- carry out the acoustic coagulation of dispersed SSSh located in the pulp discharged into the upper part of the corresponding compartment of the tailings;

- carry out acoustic-gravitational-hydrodynamic deposition of the original and previously acoustically coagulated SSSh moving along the body of the beach - the very top of the compartment (pulp discharge area);

- carry out the acoustic deposition of the original and previously acoustically coagulated SSShCh in the installation areas, respectively, MPGAM and PPGAM in the appropriate compartment and in the adjacent Central part of the tailings;

- carry out gravitational deposition of the initial and previously acoustically coagulated SSSh in the areas of the corresponding compartment and the central part of the tailings without MPGAM and PPGAM, as well as in the tailing pond of the tailings;

- OM cleaning is carried out in five stages: in the slurry line, in the area of pulp discharge into the compartment, in the area of overflow pipes from the compartment, in the central part of the tailing dump and in the tailing pond, etc.

3. Effective (fast and high-quality) compaction of saponite-containing sludge on the KH provide due to the fact that:

- carry out preliminary acoustic coagulation of differently dispersed SSChs still in the pulp, moved along the terminal straight section of the second pulp line;

- carry out acoustic degassing of the pulp discharged into the upper part of the corresponding compartment of the tailings;

- carry out the acoustic coagulation of dispersed SSCh located in the pulp discharged into the upper part of the corresponding tailing storage compartment;

- carry out acoustic-gravitational-hydrodynamic deposition of the original and previously acoustically coagulated SSSh moving along the body of the beach - the very top of the compartment (pulp discharge area);

- carry out the acoustic deposition of the original and previously acoustically coagulated SSSh in the installation areas, respectively, MPGAM and PPGAM in the appropriate compartment and in the adjacent Central part of the tailings, etc.

4. High-quality compaction of the bodies of all watertight dams of the corresponding compartment of the tailings is ensured by the fact that:

- carry out preliminary acoustic coagulation of differently dispersed SSCHs still in the pulp moved along the terminal straight section of the second pulp line;

- carry out acoustic degassing of the pulp discharged into the upper part of the corresponding tailing storage compartment;

- carry out acoustic coagulation of differently dispersed SSSh located in the pulp discharged into the upper part of the tailing storage compartment;

- carry out the acoustic deposition of the original and previously acoustically coagulated SSShCh in the installation areas, respectively, MPGAM and PPGAM in the appropriate compartment and in the adjacent Central part of the tailings;

- carry out the acoustic compaction of all bodies of the watertight dams of the corresponding compartment of the tailings by directing radiation of acoustic waves ZDCh and UZDCH in their direction, etc.

5. The relative simplicity of the method is provided due to the fact that:

- the formation and emission of hydroacoustic waves is carried out using commercially available electronic devices, as well as hydroacoustic (including those taken out of service, which further contributes to the conversion of enterprises of the military-industrial complex) emitters;

- the operation of the device that implements the developed method is controlled automatically and semi-automatically (without the constant presence of maintenance personnel);

- maintenance of equipment is carried out with great discreteness (once every 7 days), and directly during the operation of the corresponding compartment, therefore, no special time is required to stop cleaning of the extractant and maintenance of the device, etc.

6. The minimum financial and time costs are provided due to the fact that:

- repeatedly reduce the area of land allocated for the construction of a sewage treatment plant (use small-sized compartments instead of a large tailing dump);

- OM cleaning is carried out in five stages: in the slurry line, in the area of pulp discharge into the compartment, in the area of overflow pipes from the compartment, in the central part of the tailing dump and in the tailing pond of the tailing dump;

- the formation and emission of sonar waves is carried out using commercially available electronic devices and sonar emitters;

- the energy consumption of electronic devices of the device that implements the developed method is relatively small (less than 1 W / m ³ OV);

- the time for installation of equipment in one compartment does not exceed 1 day;

- equipment maintenance is carried out with great discretion and directly during the operation of the tailings compartment, therefore, no special time is required to stop the processes of non-reagent purification of saponite-containing water, etc.

7. Medical safety for humans is ensured by the fact that:

- completely eliminates the use of chemicals for the purification of saponite-containing water;

- the formation and emission of hydroacoustic waves is carried out using commercially available and medically certified instruments;

- the operation of the device that implements the developed method is controlled automatically and semi-automatically (without the constant presence of maintenance personnel);

- parameters (frequency, amplitude of acoustic pressure, etc.) of hydroacoustic waves are medically safe for humans, etc.

8. Ecological safety for OPS provide due to the fact that:

- completely eliminates the use of chemicals for the purification of saponite-containing water;

- hydro-acoustic method compacts the sediment in the corresponding compartment of the tailings, which eliminates the drainage of saponite-containing water from this compartment;

- the bodies of all the watertight dams of the corresponding compartment of the tailing dump are densified by a hydroacoustic method, which excludes drainage of saponite-containing water from this compartment;

- the parameters (frequency, amplitude of acoustic pressure, etc.) of hydroacoustic waves are environmentally friendly for the OPS in general, etc.

Distinctive features of the proposed method are:

1. Instead of the tailings, use: tailing compartments (sections of the tailings along its outer boundary, bounded on all sides by water-resistant dams with spatially spaced and separately overlapping overflow pipes on the internal dams), a settling pond (the inner part of the tailings, limited on all sides by filter dams with overflow pipes), as well as the central part of the tailings (tailing section, limited: outside - with watertight dams of tailings compartments, and inside - ltrovalnymi dams settling pond).

2. The OM cleaning is additionally carried out in a moving OM flow.

3. Radiation BGAV ZDCH and UZDCH additionally carried out in a continuous mode.

4. The acoustic impact on the OM is carried out at the terminal end of the rectilinear section of the slurry line from the RP to the tailing dump.

5. The acoustic impact on the OM is carried out inside and outside the tailings compartments with spatially dispersed and separately overlapping overflow pipes on the internal dams.

6. Additionally, in the area where OM is discharged from the slurry conduit to the compartments, as well as inside and outside the tailings compartments with spatially dispersed and separately overlapping overflow pipes, acoustic deposition of the initial and previously acoustically coagulated SSCFs is used - by means of upstream and downward radiation of the BHAV ZDCH and UZDCH.

7. Additionally, in the compartments of the tailing pond, acoustic compaction of the bodies of all the watertight dams of the compartments is carried out by continuous radiation of the BHAV ZDCH and UZDCH.

8. Additionally use hydraulic mixing of OM in the terminal rectilinear section of the slurry conduit from the processing plant to the tailing dump.

9. Additionally use hydraulic mixing of OM with simultaneous acoustic impact on it in the area of overflow pipes from the tailings compartments to the central part of the tailings.

10. In addition, OM in the tailing compartments and in the central part of the tailing dump is directed along the maximum extended trajectories from the areas of its discharge to the areas of its intake by, respectively, using spatially dispersed and separately overlapping overflow pipes and blocking dams (sections of future waterproof dams planned for the construction of compartments )

The presence of distinctive features from the prototype features allows us to conclude that the proposed method meets the criterion of "novelty."

An analysis of the known technical solutions in order to detect the indicated distinctive features in them showed the following.

Signs: 1, 4, 5, 6, and 9 are new and their use for the reagent-free purification of organic matter from SSCh is unknown.

Signs: 7 and 10 are new and their use for the reagent-free purification of organic matter from SSCh is unknown. At the same time, it is known: for feature 7, the use of pulse-emitted BGAV ZDCH and UZDCH for acoustic compaction of sediment, bodies of watertight dams and clarification of water; for sign 10, use of the maximum extended paths of OM movement from the region of its discharge to the region of its water intake in the interest of cooling OM.

Symptoms: 2, 3, and 8 are known.

Thus, the presence of new significant features, in conjunction with the known ones, ensures that the proposed solution has a new property that does not coincide with the properties of the known technical solutions - to effectively (quickly and efficiently) separate into two phases (liquid and solid) pulp; effectively (quickly and efficiently) purify (brighten) OM; effectively (quickly and efficiently) compact sediment; to qualitatively compact the bodies of the external watertight dams of the tailings compartments, in a relatively simple way with minimal financial and time costs, ensuring medical safety for humans and environmental safety for the general construction site.

In this case, we have a new set of features and their new relationship, moreover, it’s not a simple combination of new features and already known ones, but the execution of operations in the proposed sequence leads to a qualitatively new effect. This circumstance allows us to conclude that the developed method meets the criterion of "significant differences".

An example implementation of the method.

Industrial tests of the developed method of non-reagent purification of OM were performed: in the period 2002-2006. - at the industrial sites (platinum mining) Foamy and Levtyrinyvayam of Koryak-geoldobycha CJSC located in the valleys of spawning rivers: Levtyrinyvayam, Vetvey and Vyvenka (Kamchatka Peninsula) for the treatment of circulating and waste waters; in 2010-2011 - at the coastal enterprise of the joint venture Vietsovpetro for the purification of industrial waters; in 2013-2013 in OJSC Severalmaz (Russia, Arkhangelsk region) for the treatment of recycled and waste water.

In FIG. 6 - FIG. 11 illustrates the test results of the developed method of reagent-free purification of organic matter from SSCh.

In this case: in FIG. Figure 6 presents the results - in the form of corresponding histograms, reagent-free, stage-by-stage (0 - in the area of pulp discharge, I - at the outlet of the tailings compartment; II - at the outlet of the central part of the tailings, III - at the outlet of the settling pond) of OM treatment (initial SSSS concentration SS ₀ = 250 g / l) using the developed method (histograms highlighted by a solid line) and using the prototype method (histograms highlighted by a dashed line).

As can be seen from FIG. 6: after the first stage of OM purification, the content of SSCh in it was reduced from 250.0 g / l to 25.0 g / l - for the prototype method (purification efficiency 90.0%) and from 250.0 g / l to 12 , 5 g / l - the developed method (purification efficiency of 95.0%, the gain of the developed method is 5.0%); after the second stage of OM purification, the content of SSSh in it was reduced from 250.0 g / l to 12.5 g / l - for the prototype method (cleaning efficiency after 2 stages - 95.0%) and from 250.0 g / l up to 5.0 g / l - the developed method (cleaning efficiency after two stages - 98.0%, the gain of the developed method is 2.0%); after the third stage of OM purification, the content of SSSh in it was reduced from 250.0 to 5.0 g / l for the prototype method (purification efficiency after 3 stages was 98.0%) and from 250.0 g / l to 0.5 g / l - for the developed method (the cleaning efficiency after 3 stages is 99.8%, the gain of the developed method is 1.8%).

Based on the fact that it was required (according to the technology of diamond enrichment) to reduce the content of SSCH in the OM supplied to the OP to 0.5 g / l, the prototype method could not solve this problem. At the same time, the content of SSCH in the OM supplied to the OP during the implementation of the developed method was 0.5 g / l (the gain of the developed method was 10 times: 5.0: 0.5).

In FIG. 7 shows, in the form of corresponding histograms, the SNR content in the OM at the outlet of the settling pond for the developed method (histograms highlighted by a solid line) and for the prototype method (histograms highlighted by a dashed line) at different wind speeds at the treatment plant (0 - speed winds less than 5 m / s, I - speed from 5 to 10 m / s, II - speed from 10 to 15 m / s, III - wind speed from 15 to 25 m / s). As can be seen from FIG. 7, the developed method, primarily due to better compaction of sludge, fully complies with the requirements of the regulation on the quality of the treatment of OM from SSSh (the SSSh content in the clarified SOH is not more than 0.5 g / l, with the initial SSSh content - 175 g / l) at all wind speeds, in contrast to the prototype method.

In FIG. Figure 8 presents the results of a non-reagent compaction of the CCO (initial SNSS content in the extract of 79 g / l) for: the developed method (histograms indicated by solid lines), the prototype method (histograms indicated by a dashed line) and the gravity method (histograms indicated by dots). As can be seen from FIG. 8: in the process of using the gravitational method, the content of SSSh in the sediment in 3 days increased from 79 g / l to 90 g / l (sediment compaction efficiency 1.14 times), in the process of implementing the prototype method from 79 g / l to 737 g / l (sludge compaction efficiency 9.32 times), during the implementation of the developed method - from 79 g / l to 790 g / l (sludge compaction efficiency 10 times).

In FIG. Figure 9 presents the results of a comparative assessment of the speed (g / l / 1 hour) of cleaning (clarification) of the upper layer (20% of the height of a column of water (which is transferred from the compartment to the central part of the tailings pond, from the central part of the tailings pond to a settling pond, and also taken from a settling pond at the PF) OV from SSShCh for the prototype method (schedule indicated by number 2) and the developed method (schedule indicated by number 1).

As can be seen from FIG. 9, in the process of implementing the developed method and the prototype method, the speed of cleaning the top layer of contaminated OM (pulp) from SNSS (at their initial concentration of -105 g / l / 1 hour) is approximately the same and equal to ~ 3 g / l / 1 hour. However, in the process of increasing the concentration of SSCh in the pulp to 195 g / l, the cleaning rate of the top layer of contaminated OM (pulp) from SSSh is: 12 g / l / 1 hour for the developed method and 9 g / l / 1 hour for the prototype method (the gain of the developed method is 3 g / l / 1 hour, or 25%).

In this way:

1. Effective (fast and high-quality) separation into two phases (liquid and solid) pulp provided due to the fact that:

- carried out preliminary acoustic coagulation of differently dispersed SSCHs still in the pulp, moved along the terminal straight section of the pulp line;

- carried out acoustic degassing of the pulp discharged into the upper part of the corresponding tailing storage compartment;

- carried out acoustic coagulation of dispersed SSCh located in the pulp discharged into the upper part of the corresponding tailing storage compartment;

- carried out acoustic-gravitational-hydrodynamic deposition of the original and previously acoustically coagulated SSSh moving along the body of the beach - the very top of the compartment (pulp discharge area);

- carried out the acoustic deposition of the original and previously acoustically coagulated SSSN in the installation areas of floating sonar modules in the corresponding compartment and in the adjacent central part of the tailing dump;

- carried out gravitational deposition of the initial and previously acoustically coagulated SNSS in the regions of the corresponding compartment and the central part of the tailings without floating hydroacoustic modules, etc.

2. Effective (fast and high-quality) clarification (purification of OM from SSCH) OM was provided due to the fact that:

- carried out preliminary acoustic coagulation of differently dispersed SSCHs still in the pulp, moved along the terminal straight section of the pulp line;

- carried out acoustic coagulation of dispersed SSCh located in the pulp discharged into the upper part of the corresponding tailing storage compartment;

- carried out acoustic-gravitational-hydrodynamic deposition of the original and previously acoustically coagulated SSSh moving along the body of the beach - the very top of the compartment (pulp discharge area);

- carried out the acoustic deposition of the original and previously acoustically coagulated SSSN in the installation areas of floating sonar modules in the corresponding compartment and in the adjacent central part of the tailing dump;

- carried out gravitational deposition of the initial and previously acoustically coagulated SNSS in the regions of the corresponding compartment and the central part of the tailing dump without floating hydroacoustic modules, as well as in the tailing pond of the tailing dump;

- OM cleaning was carried out in five stages: in the pulp line, in the area of pulp discharge into the compartment, in the area of overflow pipes from the compartment, in the central part of the tailing dump and in the tailing pond, etc.

3. Effective (fast and high-quality) compaction of saponite-containing sludge at the KH was provided due to the fact that:

- carried out preliminary acoustic coagulation of differently dispersed SSCHs still in the pulp, moved along the terminal straight section of the pulp line;

- carried out acoustic degassing of the pulp discharged into the upper part of the corresponding tailing storage compartment;

- carried out acoustic coagulation of dispersed SSCh located in the pulp discharged into the upper part of the corresponding tailing storage compartment;

- carried out acoustic-gravitational-hydrodynamic deposition of the original and previously acoustically coagulated SSSh moving along the body of the beach - the very top of the compartment (pulp discharge area);

- carried out the acoustic deposition of the original and previously acoustically coagulated SSSh in the areas of installation of floating hydroacoustic modules in the corresponding compartment and in the adjacent central part of the tailing dump, etc.

4. High-quality compaction of the bodies of all watertight dams of the corresponding tailing compartment was ensured due to the fact that:

- carried out preliminary acoustic coagulation of differently dispersed SSCHs still in the pulp, moved along the terminal straight section of the pulp line;

- carried out acoustic degassing of the pulp discharged into the upper part of the corresponding tailing storage compartment;

- carried out acoustic coagulation of dispersed SSCh located in the pulp discharged into the upper part of the corresponding tailing storage compartment;

- carried out the acoustic deposition of the original and previously acoustically coagulated SSSN in the installation areas of floating sonar modules in the corresponding compartment and in the adjacent central part of the tailing dump;

- carried out acoustic compaction of all bodies of the watertight dams of the corresponding compartment of the tailings by directing radiation of acoustic waves ZDCh and UZDCH in their direction, etc.

5. The relative simplicity of the method was provided due to the fact that:

- the formation and emission of sonar waves was carried out using commercially available electronic devices, as well as sonar (including those removed from service);

- management of the device that implements the developed method was carried out automatically and semi-automatically (without the constant presence of maintenance personnel);

- maintenance of the equipment was carried out with great discreteness (once every 7 days), and directly during the operation of the corresponding compartment of the tailing dump, etc.

6. The minimum financial and time costs are provided due to the fact that:

- repeatedly reduced the area of land allocated for the construction of a sewage treatment plant;

- OM cleaning was carried out in five stages: in the pulp line, in the area of pulp discharge into the compartment, in the area of overflow pipes from the compartment, in the central part of the tailing dump and in the tailing pond of the tailing dump;

- the formation and radiation of sonar waves was carried out using commercially available electronic devices and sonar emitters;

- the power consumption of electronic devices of the device that implements the developed method was relatively small (0.5 W / m ³ OV);

- the time for installation of equipment in one compartment of the tailings did not exceed 1 day;

- equipment maintenance was carried out with great discretion and directly in the process of compartment operation, etc.

7. Medical safety for humans was ensured by the fact that:

- completely excluded the use of chemicals for the purification of saponite-containing water;

- the formation and emission of hydroacoustic waves was carried out using commercially available and medically certified instruments;

- management of the device that implements the developed method was carried out automatically and semi-automatically (without the constant presence of maintenance personnel);

- parameters (frequency, amplitude of acoustic pressure, waveform, etc.) of hydroacoustic waves were medically safe for humans, etc.

8. Ecological safety for OPS provided due to the fact that:

- completely excluded the use of chemicals for the purification of saponite-containing water;

- the sediment was compacted in the corresponding compartment of the tailing dump using a hydroacoustic method, which excluded drainage of saponite-containing water from this compartment;

- the bodies of all the watertight dams of the corresponding tailing compartment were sealed by a hydroacoustic method, which excluded the drainage of saponite-containing water from this compartment;

- parameters (frequency, amplitude of acoustic pressure, waveform, etc.) of hydroacoustic waves were environmentally friendly for the OPS as a whole, etc.

Claims (1)

The method of non-reagent purification of recycled water from saponite-containing sludge particles, which consists in the formation, amplification and emission of traveling hydroacoustic waves of sound and ultrasonic frequency ranges with an amplitude of acoustic pressure of at least 10 ² Pa at a distance of 1 m from the corresponding acoustic emitter, exposure to recycled water by traveling hydroacoustic waves sound and ultrasonic frequency ranges, acoustic coagulation of saponite-containing sludge particles in recycled water, gravity sedimentation of previously acoustically coagulated saponite-containing sludge particles, acoustic compaction of saponite-containing sludge and acoustic compaction of bodies of watertight dams, characterized in that tailings compartments are used - sections of the tailings along its outer boundary, bounded on all sides by watertight dams with spatially spaced and separated by overlapping pipes and separately overlapping on internal dams, a settling pond - the inner part of the tailings, limited on all sides by a filter oval dams with four overflow pipes spatially distributed on all sides, as well as the central part of the tailings - the tailings section, limited: outside - by the watertight dams of the tailings compartments, inside - by the filter dams of the settling pond, and in the center - by intercepting dams, which are natural elevations and future parts of the dams planned for the construction of new tailings compartments, the recycling of water is additionally carried out in a moving the flow of recycled water, the emission of traveling hydroacoustic waves of sound and ultrasonic frequency ranges is additionally carried out in continuous mode, the acoustic effect on the recycled water is carried out: on the terminal straight section of the slurry line from the processing plant to the tailing dump - using the mounted acoustic module on the slurry line, inside the compartments - using spatially dispersed several - at least two, stationary floating modules providing acoustic impact on the whole revolution fresh water poured from this compartment into the central part of the tailing dump, regardless of where it is discharged into the compartment and outside the compartments, with the help of several - at least two mobile floating acoustic modules providing acoustic effect on all recycled water poured from the compartments into the central part of the tailing dump regardless of the place of its overflow, additionally in the area of discharge of circulating water from the slurry line to the compartments, as well as inside and outside the tailings compartments, acoustic deposition of the original and earlier of bushly coagulated saponite-containing sludge particles - by means of top-down radiation of traveling hydroacoustic waves of sound and ultrasonic frequency ranges, in addition to the tailings compartments, the bodies of all watertight compartments of the compartments are acoustically compacted, and hydraulic mixing of circulating water with simultaneous acoustic impact on it is performed: on the terminal rectilinear section of the slurry line from the processing plant to the tailings and in the area of overflow pipes From the tailings compartments to the central part of the tailings, additionally circulating water in the tailings compartments and in the central part of the tailings is directed along the maximum extended paths of movement from the areas of its discharge to the areas of its water intake - by, respectively, using spatially dispersed overflow pipes from the compartments, as well as blocking dams in the central part of the tailing dump.

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