RU2479696C2 - Pre-engineered building with gable or attic roof and method of its assembly - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: pre-engineered building with a gable or an attic roof comprises wall panels, an unfolded roof and gables. The roof is made with hinged joints in a ridge section and between panels of slopes. The lower edges of roof slopes are rigidly connected to head plates. Head plates have hinged joints for collapsible panels of the ceiling and connection with side panels of walls. Side panels of walls are hingedly coupled with collapsible floor panels. Gables are hingedly fixed to cross beams of the roof base. Cross beams have hinged joints for connection to end panels of walls and possibility of rigid connection of beams to head plates.

EFFECT: reduction of time and labour inputs for building erection.

7 cl, 10 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of construction, in particular the operational assembly of a building intended for housing, cottages, as well as commercial and other premises of various types.

Currently, there is a tendency to reduce the time of construction of buildings with low-rise construction. To this end, in specialized factories it is possible to produce enlarged high-quality elements of a high-rise building, which are available for transportation to the installation site. With this approach, the construction goes into the stage of simple technological assembly.

A mobile building with a gable roof and end facades is known, the pediments of which are in the form of an isosceles trapezoid, and the roof slopes are made in the form of load-bearing panels and are attached to the horizontal panel connecting them on top using hinges (RF patent No. 2059051, class Е04В 1/343, 1996 g.)

The main disadvantage of the known building is that the installation of the roof and the sealing of joints occur at a height and preliminarily carry out the construction of the building’s box with gables, which significantly increases the time of its construction. Therefore, we can only talk about a pre-fabricated roof.

A prefabricated building is also known (patent No.РФ No. 2236521, class Е04В 1/343, 2004), containing pediments made in the form of a triangle at the top and trapezium at the bottom, and each roof slope is made of two panels connected by hinges, and adjacent to the ridge ramp panel buildings are hinged.

The advantage of the well-known roof is its minimal dimensions in transport position, as it folds into a flat bag. But the installation of the roof occurs at a height, i.e. over the gables, which is a complex operation. In addition, the preliminary construction of the building’s box with gables, as well as the installation of the ceiling and floor, is again necessary.

The aim of the invention is a significant reduction in time and labor for the erection of a building at a construction site.

To achieve this goal in a well-known building containing wall panels, a folding roof with hinges in the ridge and between the panels of the slopes and gables, the lower edges of the roof slopes are rigidly connected to the Mauerlat, which have hinges for hinged ceiling panels and connections to the side panels of the walls, which in turn, they are pivotally connected to the hinged floor panels, and the pediments are pivotally connected to the transverse beams of the roof base, which also have hinges for connecting to the end panels of the walls and the possibility of rigid crepe laziness of beams to Mauerlat.

To achieve this goal, in the method of mounting a prefabricated building, including the installation of walls, gables and a roof, first they install a roof with hinged ceiling panels on each slope on the foundation, and lateral wall panels with hinged floor panels are laid on the logs along its edges, then the roof is laid on the foundation in the working position, the ridge elements are installed and the ceiling panels are lowered, and at the next stage, its transverse base beams with gables and girders are connected to the roof anavlivayut on the joists end wall panels, which together with side pivotally connected to the base and the roof is raised to its installation base wall panels to the foundation and the closure, after which the floor panel is lowered.

In addition, the gable roof in the vertical plane of symmetry has a truss with a prone and with crossbars in the upper part, to the ends of which the rafters are pivotally fixed.

In addition, each wall panel has two shoes with technological wheels at the edges of the lower base.

In addition, the top panels of the attic roof are pivotally connected to the hinged ceiling panels, and through them to each other.

In addition, the gable roof gable has a connecting board along the contour.

The technical result from the use of a prefabricated building and the method of its installation is that it is possible to quickly erect a building with both a gable roof and an attic roof by assembling from prefabricated elements of high factory readiness and easily delivered to the installation site in a folded compact form.

The invention is illustrated by drawings,

where in Fig.1 - prefabricated building with a gable roof;

figure 2 - gable roof with hinged ceiling panels;

figure 3 - gable roof in a transport position on the foundation and side panels on the logs;

figure 4 - mansard roof with hinged ceiling panels;

figure 5 - gable roof gable with a transverse beam;

figure 6 - the gable of the attic roof with a transverse beam;

7 is a side panel with a hinged floor panel;

on Fig - gable roof with connected side panel and pediment (half of the roof is shown);

figure 9 - unfolding the attic roof (shown one slope);

figure 10 - gable roof with connected side and end panels (top view);

The prefabricated building consists of the following enlarged parts (Fig. 1): a folding roof 1 with hinged ceiling panels 2, two side panels 3 with hinged floor panels 4, two end panels 5, two transverse beams 6 of the base of the roof 1, two gables 7 and ridge elements 8.

Consider their design.

The gable roof 1 consists of a rafter system (Fig. 2), which includes a truss 9 with a ridge beam 10 and a rest 11. In the upper part of the uprights 12, crossbars 13 are installed, to the ends of which rafters 15 are fixed, hinged in the lower part parts for the Mauerlat 16. The lounger 11 is wider than the uprights 12 and forms projections below the truss 9. On the rafters 15 fixed crate and roofing 17.

On the inner side of the roof slopes 1, through the hinges 18, ceiling panels 2 are attached to the Mauerlat 16, which are opposite sides of the protrusions of the bed 11. On the outer side of the Mauerlat 16, in their lower base there are half-hinges 19, for example, two loops for subsequent axial connection with the wall panels 3 .

At the lower ends of the end rafters 15, removable technological wheels 20 are installed, and on the ridge beam 10 there are eyebolts 21 for raising the roof 1.

In the transport position, the ceiling panels 2 are temporarily attached to its slopes, which in turn are fixed in an upright position (Fig. 3). The thickness of the assembled roof 1 is two thicknesses of the slopes, two thicknesses of the ceiling panels 2 and the width of the bed 11.

In the variant of the attic roof 22 (Fig. 4), the upper 23 and lower 24 panels of each ramp are connected by hinges 25 located on their outer side, and the lower part of the panel 24 is rigidly connected to the Mauerlat 26. Note that the edge of the Mauerlat 26 is farthest from the panels 24 rounded to facilitate its rotation when unfolding the roof 22. In turn, the panels 23 have in the upper part stops 27 and hinges 28 connecting with the attic panels of the ceiling 29. On their opposite sides are installed longitudinal logs 30.

All panels 23 and 24 have bevels along the longitudinal sides with corners forming their tight fit at the joints.

As for the gable roof 1, ceiling panels (floors for the second floor) 31 are attached to the Mauerlat 26 via hinges 32, on the opposite sides of which there are longitudinal logs 33. The roof slopes 22 are provided with a roofing 34 and eye bolts 35 for turning the panels 23 around hinges 25, and subsequently for raising the roof 22 after screwing them into the ridge beam of the panels 23.

In the transport position (Fig. 9), the ceiling panels 29 and 31 are temporarily fastened, respectively, with the panels 23 and 24, and the latter are folded in contact with the roof coverings 34, and are also temporarily fastened. In this case, the attic roof 22 consists of two compact places for transportation.

The gables of the gable 7 and the attic 36 of the roofs 1 and 22 (FIGS. 5 and 6) are connected through hinges 37 and 38 to the transverse beams 6 and 39, which have half-hinges 40 and 41. On the contour, the gables 36 have connecting sides 42 for fastening to the panels 23 and 24.

The walls of the building are the supporting panels 3 and 5 (Fig.7). To the side wall panels 3 through the hinges 43 are connected hinged floor panels 4. Panels 3 are also in the upper part on the outer side of the hemispherical 19, and in the lower part, two shoes 44 (figure 10), at the ends of which technological wheels 45 are installed. wall panels 5 have the same design, but without hinged floor panels. All wall panels 3 and 5 are provided with eyebolts 46 from the outside.

Both the wall panels of the building 3 and 5, and the panels 23 and 24 of the attic roof 22, the ceiling 2, 29 and 31, the floor 4, the pediments 36 are load-bearing and are made in a wireframe. In cross-section, they represent a “sandwich”, which, depending on the purpose of the panel, has various lining and internal filling. For example, for panels 23 and 24 it will be a roofing, lathing or plywood, a moisture-proof film, a heater, a vapor barrier film and an inner lining. The main material for all panels and other elements of the building is wood.

All joints have the necessary elastic sealing or heat-insulating gaskets.

Note that all the components of the building are made of high factory readiness. For example, wall panels 3 and 5 with windows, an entrance door and the necessary technological holes according to the design.

Mounted the proposed building as follows.

At the first stage, on the sides of the foundation 47 (Fig. 3) with beams of the base of the building 48, for example wooden, two technological inclined logs 49 are installed on each side, the design of which allows changing their height at the edge of the foundation 47. Side panels are laid on the logs 49 3 and install in the middle of the foundation 47 a gable roof 1 on the technological wheels 20 and lay it out (Fig. 8), having previously released the slopes of the roof 1 from the transport locks.

Install the ridge elements 8 and lower the ceiling panels 2 and fasten them to the bed 11. To create the necessary stiffness, strengthen the roof with ridge scarves. After that, slightly lift the roof 1, remove the technological wheels 20 and install it in the working position, in which the Mauerlat 16 should slightly extend beyond the beams 48, providing a connection by the axes of the half-hinge 19. Lezhen 11 will lower to the beam 48 of the middle part of the foundation 47.

To obtain the working position of the attic roof 22 after transportation, the following assembly operations are performed (Fig. 9). The eyebolts 46 are turned out and the slopes are laid with the support of the Mauerlat 26 on the side panels 3, and the lags 33 - on the base beams of the building 48 at a predetermined distance from each other, which is determined by the fact that when the panels 23 were turned, they closed exactly in the middle of the foundation 47. First, the panels 23 and 24 of one ramp are unfastened and the panel 23 is lifted by the eyebolts 35 until it rotates 90 °, and then lowered to a temporary technological stand 50. The same applies to the second ramp. After this, the ceiling panels 29 are unfastened from the panels 23 and lowered onto the stops 27, and the lags 30 are fastened together (Fig. 4). To increase the rigidity, ceiling panels 29 and limiters 27 are also fastened. The ridge elements 51 are installed. The eyebolts 35 are turned in the position for raising the roof 22 and they are lifted until the joints between the panels 23 and 24 are closed and the Mauerlat 26 are put into working position, as for the gable roof Roofs 1. When lifting the Mauerlat 26, turning on a rounded edge, slide along the side surfaces of the panels 3. Unfasten the ceiling panels 31 from the panels 24 and lower them.

At the second stage, the transverse beams 6 are fixed to the Mauerlat 16 and the truss 9 and the ceiling panels 2 are fastened to the truss 9 and the transverse beams 6. They place the pediments 7 on the end logs 49 and connect the axes of the half-hinges 40 with the transverse beams 6. After that, the pediments 7 are raised vertical position and fasten them to the end rafters 15.

At the roof of the attic 22, the ceiling panels 31 are fastened to the transverse beams 39, and subsequently, after the installation of the building, longitudinal logs 33 are fastened together. Accordingly, the pediments 36 are fastened with a connecting board 42 to the panels 23 and 24.

At the third stage, end panels 5 are laid (Fig. 10) on end logs 49, after lowering them to the height of the transverse beam 6 or 39, respectively, and connect them to the transverse beams 6 or 39 through the axis of the hinges 40 or 41. Side panels 3 through the axis of the hinges 19 are connected to Mauerlat 16 or 26.

In the fourth stage, using eyebolts 21 or 35, the roof 1 or 22 is raised until the bases of the side panels 3 are first installed on the beams 48, and then the end panels 5 are slightly adjusted to the vertical position, since the center of gravity of each panel 3 and 5 reaches only a vertical plane passing respectively through the axis of the hinges 19 and 40 for buildings with a gable roof 1 and 19 and 41 with an attic roof 22.

When lifting, the technological wheels 45 roll along the lags 49, and then along the upper surface of the foundation 47. For protruding shoes 44 with technological wheels 45, there are cutouts in the corresponding places of the base beams of the building 48.

When the walls of the building are closed, the technological wheels 45 protrude beyond the inner edges of the foundation 47 and then they are removed. Fasten the walls in the corners from the side of the end panels 5, for example, with special screws and fix the base of the walls to the beams of the base of the building 48. To increase the rigidity of the building, the joints of the roof base with the upper surfaces of the panels 3 and 5 can be performed as a groove or other type.

Inside the building, the floor panels 4 are unfastened from the panels 3 and lowered onto the base beams of the building 48 of the middle part of the foundation 47 and the corresponding fasteners are made.

The claimed invention has advantages over known analogues. Factory manufacturing of all elements of a fully equipped building allows you to quickly and efficiently carry out its installation at low labor costs. This is facilitated by the fact that all assembly work is carried out at a low convenient level. The compact appearance of all parts of the building makes it easy to transport them to their destination. There is a possibility of an architectural choice of the roof, and consequently, the useful living space. The proposed prefabricated building can be used in conditions of individual and mass development.

Figure 1 shows a prefabricated building with a gable roof:

p.1 roof

p.2 hinged ceiling panel

p. 3 side panel

p. 4 hinged floor panel

item 5 end panel

item 6 transverse beam

p.7 pediment

p.8 skate

Figure 2 shows a gable roof with hinged and ceiling panels:

p.1 roof

p.2 ceiling panel

item 9 farm

item 10 ridge beam

Clause 11

item 13 crossbar

item 14 hinge

p.15 rafter

p.16 Mauerlat

p.17 roofing

item 19 half-hinge

item 20 technological wheel

p.21 eye bolt

Figure 3 shows a gable roof in a transport position on the foundation and side panels on the logs:

p.1 roof

p.2 ceiling panel

p. 3 side panel

p.4 floor panel

item 9 farm

item 10 ridge beam

Clause 11

p.12 stand

item 13 crossbar

item 14 hinge

p.15 rafter

p.16 Mauerlat

item 19 half-hinge

item 20 technological wheel

p.21 eye bolt

p.44 shoe

p.45 technological wheel

item 46 eye bolt

p. 47 foundation

p. 48 beam of the base of the building

p. 49 inclined lag

Figure 4 shows the attic roof with hinged ceiling panels:

item 19 half-hinge

p.22 mansard roof

p.23 top panel

p.24 bottom panel

p.25 hinge

p.26 Mauerlat

p.27 limiter

p.28 hinge

p.29 attic ceiling panel

p.30 longitudinal log

p.31 ceiling panel

p. 32 hinge

p.33 longitudinal lag

p. 34 roofing

p. 35 eye bolt

Figure 5 shows the pediment of a gable roof with a transverse beam:

item 6 transverse beam

p.7 pediment

p.37 hinge

p.40 half-hinge

Figure 6 shows the pediment of the attic roof with a transverse beam:

p.36 pediment

p.38 hinge

p. 39 transverse beam

Clause 41 Hinge

Section 42 connecting board

7 shows a side panel with a hinged floor panel:

p. 3 side panel

p.4 floor panel

item 19 half-hinge

item 43 hinge

p.44 shoe

p.45 technological wheel

item 46 eye bolt

On Fig shows a gable roof with a connected side panel and pediment (half of the roof is shown):

p.1 roof

p.2 hinged ceiling panel

p. 3 side panel

p. 4 hinged floor panel

item 6 transverse beam

p.7 pediment

p.8 skate

p.15 rafter

p.16 Mauerlat

p.17 roofing

item 19 half-hinge

item 46 eye bolt

p. 47 foundation

p. 48 beam of the base of the building

p. 49 inclined lag

In Fig.9 shows the unfolding of the attic roof (one slope is shown):

p. 3 side panel

p.23 top panel

p.24 bottom panel

p.26 Mauerlat

p.27 limiter

p.28 hinge

p.29 attic ceiling panel

p.30 longitudinal log

p.31 ceiling panel

p. 32 hinge

p.33 longitudinal lag

p. 35 eye bolt

p. 47 foundation

p. 48 beam of the base of the building

p.50 technological rack

p.51 skate

Figure 10 shows a gable roof with side and end panels (top view):

p.1 roof

item 3 end panel

p.5 side panel

p.8 skate

item 19 half-hinge

p.21 eye bolt

Clause 41 Hinge

p.44 shoe

p.45 technological wheel

Claims (7)

1. Prefabricated building with a gable or mansard roof, containing wall panels, a folding roof with hinges in the ridge part and between the slope panels and pediments, characterized in that the lower edges of the roof slopes are rigidly connected to the Mauerlat, which have hinges for hinged ceiling panels and connection to the side panels of the walls, which in turn are pivotally connected to the hinged floor panels, and the pediments are pivotally connected to the transverse beams of the roof base, which also have hinges for connecting to the end panels and walls and the possibility of hard mounting beams to Mauerlat. 2. Prefabricated building with a gable roof according to claim 1, characterized in that the roof in the vertical plane of symmetry has a truss with a prone and with crossbars in the upper part, to the ends of which the rafters are pivotally fixed. 3. The prefabricated building with a gable roof according to claim 1, characterized in that technological wheels are installed on the lower ends of the end rafters. 4. The prefabricated building according to claim 1, characterized in that each wall panel has two shoes with technological wheels on the edges of the lower base. 5. Prefabricated building with an attic roof according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper roof panels are pivotally connected to the hinged ceiling panels, and through them to each other. 6. A prefabricated building with an attic roof according to claim 1, characterized in that the pediment has a connecting board along the contour. 7. A method of mounting a prefabricated building, including the installation of walls, gables and a roof, characterized in that first they install a roof with hinged hinged ceiling panels on each slope on the foundation, and lateral wall panels with hinged hinged panels are laid on the logs along its edges the floor, then unfold the roof on the foundation in the working position, install the ridge elements and lower the ceiling panels, and at the next stage attach its transverse base beams to the roof with pediments and end wall panels are installed on the logs, which, together with the side walls, are pivotally connected to the base of the roof and raise it until the bases of the wall panels are installed on the foundation and shorted, after which the floor panels are lowered.

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