RU2478447C2 - Device for disposal of wet wastes - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: process engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture. Proposed device comprises drying equipment to dry wet wastes and press equipment for pelletising dried wastes. Note here that drier housing comprises interchangeable platform suitable for road haulage wherein intermediate bottom is equipped with perforated sheet with drying gauze fitted there over.

EFFECT: efficient disposal of wet wastes.

8 cl, 3 dwg

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a device for the disposal of waste in a wet state. The device contains at least drying equipment for drying the waste material in a wet state (wet weight), for example a mass consisting of fine fibers or similar material, in a stream of air that passes through the specified mass, and press equipment for briquetting the dried waste material for their subsequent disposal by incineration. The drying equipment comprises at least one housing of a mobile air dryer, equipped with connecting means for supplying an air flow and an air duct under the intermediate bottom of the mobile dryer for supplying air flow to the purge openings in the housing from the bottom up through the specified wet mass.

State of the art

In industry, especially in the recycling of cardboard and paper, annually a huge amount of material is formed in the form of a mass, from which dyes are removed, for example, a mass consisting of small and ultrafine fibers, which is removed from the technological process. This type of waste usually also includes small amounts of kaolin and latex used as coating materials. In addition, in particular in pulp mills, a similar mass from which dyes are removed can be found in the form of solid material, for example, in storage ponds, in wastewater treatment plants, while the material usually contains short wood chips short in length less than 5 mm, a mass of small fibers, and some fraction of other inclusions, such as sand, clay, etc. Currently, this type of waste can be used mainly only in boilers for pulping, in which the waste in question can be burned in small quantities as part of other combustible materials. In factories where boilers are not available, the possibility of such combustion does not exist, while the necessary steam for the technological needs of the plant is usually obtained through natural gas. Thus, the forming mass, from which the dyes are removed, will remain entirely unused. Due to the high moisture content in such a mass, it is not possible to burn it as such, which is why the only alternative at present is to use the mass, for example, in order to cultivate the soil. However, this type of mass, from which the dyes are removed, is particularly well suited for energy purposes due to its high calorific value, which does not decrease due to decomposition, which is typical, for example, for peat.

Transporting such a mass outside the factory territory, in addition to transportation costs, entails, for example, a substantial fee for using the waste disposal area, which also adds to odor problems in waste composting plants created by this material. Such facilities are currently considered as factors causing environmental inconvenience. Today, it is not possible to successfully press the mass from which dyes, as such, into briquettes, have been removed, because the finely dispersed material removed from the process has a typical moisture content of 40-80%.

In this regard, for example, in US patent application 2006/0108459, a technical solution is presented for drying, for example, various types of organic waste so that they can be used as fuel, and this solution is mainly aimed at using cow and pig manure. On the other hand, the publication also proposes the use of pulp and paper sludge, which is formed, in particular, in the manufacture of paper, as a type of waste applicable within the framework of the proposed technical solution. According to the above design, the sludge is drained into the mixing chamber, in which under the action of the mechanical rotor, when the solid component of the sludge collides with the walls of the chamber and the plates in the stream, so much kinetic energy is generated that the temperature of the sludge increases and the moisture contained in the sludge increases. The solid material, after partial drying in a stream of air, is then sent for final drying to the cyclone, and thus, as a result of the whole process, a combustible material with a moisture content of about 15% is obtained. This publication also suggests, before carrying out the drying process, for example, to mix manure with sawdust, wood shavings, straw or hay. However, the publication does not propose briquetting dried waste.

The technical solution presented in US patent 5431702, in particular, relates to the use of waste sludge and household waste for the production of fuel briquettes, while it is proposed to add, in particular, paper waste, coal fines to the waste material under consideration. It is proposed to use black liquor as a binder in the mixture, which is formed during paper production. Therefore, the waste sludge containing 50-75% of water does not require drying before pressing into briquettes. However, in the case of this technical solution, it is required to use more coal than the waste material itself.

In addition, US Pat. No. 4,336,636 describes the drying of sugarcane cake in successive steps, starting from a moisture content of 48%, then to a value of 30-40%, and then to a moisture content of 8-18%, which is already suitable for briquetting. For drying, streams of hot air are used, which are present in the sugar industry itself.

Also, German patent 3613398 claims the possibility of obtaining, in particular, fuel briquettes from waste paper and some other organic waste, for example from paper sludge. The presented technical solution is based on the use of oxygen and ultrasound with the aim, in particular, of the destruction of bacteria and the oxidation of substances that create odors, such as sulfur compounds.

In patent application US 2006/0108459, from a technical point of view, the construction of a complex separator with very high energy consumption associated with the presence of a mechanical rotor, a cyclone, as well as with preheating of the air used for drying, is disclosed. Thus, the use of the proposed technical solution as such for the implementation of the above goals does not bring a decisive reduction in the costs associated with the disposal of sludge.

Also, the solutions presented in US patents 5431702 and 4363636, contain disadvantages, because they are based on processes or sequences of technological operations that are used in the enterprise where this process is carried out, and which cannot be used in any other case. The solution presented in German patent 3613398, as such, in this aspect also cannot be useful.

US Patent Document 2003/186052 discloses a system for implementing a process for producing briquettes of cellulosic fibers from wet waste materials, for example, from small wood fibers present in waste streams of pulp and paper mills. The process consists of steps implemented in the following order: the receiving step, the drying step, the grinding step, and the briquetting step. Many drying systems available on the market can be used - systems containing a source of hot air. For drying the waste, a pseudo-liquid layer of the specified material can also be created through which air is passed. Briquettes can be used as fuel for energy production.

From European patent 0348238 a system is known in which a container is attached to the drying system. The dryer comprises a container that is movable by a vehicle. The container has a floor, vertical walls and a second perforated floor. There is a cavity between the first and second floor, and the dryer can be connected to the specified cavity through an opening in the wall. The dryer can be mobile or freestanding. A typical material that can be loaded and dried in this type of dryer is cereals.

Disclosure of invention

The objective of the present invention is to provide a device for the disposal of waste in the wet state in order to completely eliminate the above problems and significantly raise the level of technology in this field. To accomplish this task, the device according to the present invention is mainly characterized in that the mobile dryer housing comprises an interchangeable platform suitable for transportation on roads for industrial purposes, which has an intermediate bottom with a perforated sheet, on top of which there is a wire mesh.

As the most important advantage of the device corresponding to the present invention, we can mention the simplicity and effectiveness of the principle of its operation, as well as the equipment of the device, while, first of all, the device allows the use of sludge mass (which is currently in most cases only a source of costs) in briquetted form, even as a commercially used fuel. In the device according to the invention, it is possible to dry the initial mass by means of a stream of air passing through the mass, so that the water contained in the mass evaporates into the drying air. The drying efficiency can be further increased by heat recovery, while it is possible to extract heat from the drying air, blown through the waste material in the form of sludge, which after passing through the material is still warm. This is carried out using a heat exchanger, and the regenerated heat can be transferred further, for example, for preheating the drying air using, for example, a second heat exchanger located in the channel of the drying air. The efficiency of the dehumidifying effect of the air flow can be further increased if a separate desiccant is placed in the channel of the drying air in front of the discharge fan, which reduces the humidity of the drying air itself, which will give an additional benefit from the application of the invention. In addition to the operations described above, in the apparatus according to the invention, the wet mass can also be dried by reducing the moisture content by mixing the drying material into the raw mass and then mixing the resulting pulp to a uniform state suitable for briquetting. As starting materials for mixing, you can use, for example, sawdust, sorted grain waste, rapeseed kernels, cane double-source, grain straw, paper waste paper, shavings of cutting machines, etc. The mass from which the dyes are removed, obtained using the device of the invention, for example, sludge briquettes, as well as the substances mentioned above, are materials of biological origin, which makes it possible to burn these briquettes without issuing the appropriate permissions related to the issue of environmental emissions.

Thanks to the invention, the mass to be processed can be converted into a form suitable for industrial use for energy purposes, which makes it possible to replace the energy carrier, for example, in plants operating on oil products and gas. The device according to the invention can also contribute to the growth of employment and to the improvement of the image of those enterprises that today create environmental problems.

Other useful qualities of the device designed for the disposal of waste in the wet state, in accordance with the present invention, are presented in the dependent claims.

Brief Description of the Drawings

Embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

figure 1 depicts the principle of operation of the whole device, which is based, in particular, is air drying;

figure 2 depicts a preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention, which uses a dryer, made on the principle of the so-called interchangeable platform; and

figure 3 depicts another preferred embodiment of a device according to the invention with additional heat recovery.

The implementation of the invention

The present invention relates to a device for the disposal of waste in a wet state (wet weight). The device comprises at least drying equipment for drying the wet mass x, for example, a mass containing fine fibers from which dyes have already been removed, or a similar mass by means of an air stream w that is supplied to and passed through the raw mass, and press equipment 3 for briquetting the dried waste material with a view to its further disposal by incineration. The drying equipment contains at least one housing 1 of a mobile air dryer, equipped with connecting devices for supplying an air flow w and an air duct 1b under the intermediate bottom v of a mobile dryer for passing air flow w through the purge openings in the housing, from bottom to top through the wet mass. The housing 1 of the mobile air dryer contains an interchangeable platform suitable for transportation on roads for industrial purposes, the intermediate bottom v of which is equipped with a perforated sheet, on top of which there is a wire drying mesh.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, according to FIG. 1, the drying air w, which enters the air dryer included in the drying equipment, is supplied under pressure from one or more of the blower fans 1a and is blown, for example, from below through a wet mass that passes through conveyors K through two dryers installed one after another. On the other hand, in this case, the air dryer can also be built so that it works from negative pressure if it is connected to the suction side of one or more pressure fans.

According to another preferred embodiment of the invention, the air dryer included in the drying equipment of FIGS. 1 and 2 further comprises a device 1c, an upper exhaust hood for collecting drying air passed through the wet mass. The device also comprises a unit 1d for recovering heat from the air flow passing through the wet mass x and / or heat from the resulting briquettes and for transferring the regenerated heat further, in particular, to reduce humidity or preheat the drying air w using a second heat exchanger.

As an addition to the embodiment of the device shown in FIG. 1, according to the principle of operation shown in FIG. 3, an additional heat recovery unit 1d1 can also be used to transfer utilized external heat, in particular to reduce humidity or preheat drying air w and / or for an appropriate purpose. The additional heat recovery unit 1d1 in yet another advantageous embodiment comprises one or more elements of a solar battery, heat pumps and / or similar devices, as well as an energy storage unit 1d1 ′ and regenerated heat transfer means 1d1 ″.

Naturally, the additional heat recovery unit 1d1 shown in FIG. 3 can be used as such without the main heat recovery device shown in FIG. 2. An additional heat recovery unit 1d1, as shown in FIG. 3, is preferably performed using an air heat pump with a circulating liquid, such as water, as a heat recovery device, while the heat removed can be stored, for example, in a boiler 1d1 ' in order to transfer the utilized heat from there by means of the adjustable mixing valve 1d1 "to the drying air w through the second heat exchanger 1d.

In the technical solution, presented, for example, in FIG. 2, a dryer with an interchangeable platform with a hook is used, containing five sections, into which, as shown in cross section in the middle of the figure, drying air is supplied through nozzles and pipelines 1b located under the intermediate bottom v drying platform. In a preferred embodiment, a perforated sheet is used as the upper surface of the intermediate bottom, on top of which, for example, a wire mesh is arranged. In addition, in accordance with the embodiment of FIG. 3, the above combination of wire mesh and perforated sheet can also be used as the top wall of the drying platform, which during the drying process effectively prevents the spread of dust or similar harmful emissions into the environment, and also reduces noise.

Also, the intermediate bottom v of the interchangeable platform is tilted towards the holes from where air is supplied, and during transportation of the interchangeable platform, plugs are installed in these holes, due to which water flowing from the wet mass to be dried does not have the ability to flow from the platform onto the road. During the drying operation, the air nozzles connected to the centrifugal discharge fan are connected to the air supply openings, for example by means of eccentric clamps.

When the dry matter content is, for example, 70-85%, the drying process is interrupted, and the interchangeable platform is emptied into the mixer of the briquetting device, which mixes the mass until homogeneous for subsequent briquetting. In addition, drying can be made even more efficient by heat recovery, as described above. In this case, the heat extracted by the first heat exchanger from the exhaust air is transferred by means of the second heat exchanger to the drying air. Thus, preheated air speeds up drying. It is also advantageous to use the so-called matrix press as press equipment, through which it is possible to obtain briquettes (granules) when the moisture content during pressing is, for example, 25-30%. For example, using a press of this type, it was possible to obtain briquettes from a mixture containing 50% fine-fibrous (dusty) waste and 50% cane-like double-source.

The device shown, for example, in FIG. 1, which contains an additional dehumidifier 1e of the drying air itself, optimally located in front of the blower fan 1a, by means of which the humidity of the incoming air is reduced, for example, by means of electric condensation, as well as it is desirable to arrange the storage tower A production area where waste is generated. In this case, there are no costs for the transportation of waste, and only additional materials that may be necessary for the implementation of the process are required to be delivered from outside to the briquette installation.

The ash obtained by burning the briquetted mass can be further used as a material for cultivating the soil, which reduces the need for soil treatment with lime.

It should be understood that the invention is not limited to the above described and illustrated examples of preferred options, on the contrary, within the framework of the main idea of the invention, optimizing changes can always be made to it. So, first of all, it should be understood that the drying process on interchangeable platforms can be built on negative pressure, and / or with the passage of drying air from top to bottom. In addition, it is also possible to obtain briquettes directly on the drying platform, on which they are cooled. In this case, after cooling, the briquette-filled platform will be transported to the incinerator.

Claims (8)

1. A device for the disposal of waste in the form of a wet mass, containing at least drying equipment for drying the wet mass (x), such as a mass containing fine fibers, from which dyes are removed, or a similar mass, an air stream passed through it (w ), and press equipment (3) for briquetting the dried waste with a view to its further disposal by burning, and the drying equipment contains at least a channel for supplying drying air associated with a discharge fan, one housing (1) is mobile th air dryer, equipped with connecting means for supplying air flow (w) and air duct (1b) under the intermediate bottom (v) of a mobile dryer for supplying air flow (w) to the purge openings in the housing from the bottom up through the specified wet mass, characterized in that the housing (1) of the mobile air dryer contains an interchangeable platform suitable for transportation on roads and applicable in the production of paper and cardboard, in which the intermediate bottom (v) is equipped with a perforated sheet and a wire located on top olive drying net. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the intermediate bottom (v) of the interchangeable platform is inclined towards the purge holes, equipped with plugs for closing them during transportation of the interchangeable platform and eccentric clamps for connecting these holes with the discharge nozzles. 3. The device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the upper wall of the interchangeable platform contains a wire drying mesh located on top of the perforated sheet to prevent dust from spreading during drying. 4. The device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that for the interchangeable platform, an upper exhaust hood (1c) is provided for collecting the drying air passed through the wet mass, and there is also provided a heat recovery unit (1d) connected to the said hood through the first heat exchanger with the purpose of further transfer of the utilized heat, in particular for lowering the humidity or preheating the drying air (w) by means of a second heat exchanger. 5. The device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the channel for supplying drying air associated with a discharge fan is equipped with a second heat exchanger and / or a separate air dryer to increase the efficiency of the drying effect of the air stream (w). 6. The device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that for the resulting briquettes there is provided a block (1d) for heat recovery of the briquettes and further transfer of the utilized heat, in particular for lowering humidity or preheating the drying air (w) and / or in the corresponding purposes. 7. The device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that an additional heat recovery unit (1d1) is provided for the air dryer, such as one or more solar cells, heat pumps and / or similar devices, said additional recovery unit (1d1) the heat comprises an energy storage unit (1d1 ') and / or transmission means (1d1 ") for transmitting energy received by the additional heat recovery unit, in particular for reducing humidity or preheating the drying air (w) and / or for appropriate purposes. 8. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the air dryer is adapted to be actuated by pressure by connecting said dryer to the suction side of one or more pressure fans (1a).

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