RU2478283C1 - Method of peas disinfection under conditions of protected ground for breeding purposes - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to plant breeding and protection. The method includes processing of plants with active ingredient which is used as an ozone-air mixture with the ozone concentration of 1-5 mg/m³. Pea plants are processed for 10-30 minutes twice a day time every 3 hours during the growing season.

EFFECT: method enables to increase productivity of peas due to disinfection of pathogenic microbial flora.

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Description

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used to protect plants in a closed ground against phytopathogenic microorganisms - pathogens of bacterial-viral and fungal diseases of crops.

One of the known methods of combating bacterial-viral diseases of agricultural plants is their treatment with potassium hydroxide solution (to stimulate growth) and acetic acid solution (to accelerate leaf aging) (RF patent No. 2161406 A01N 37/02, A01N 59/00, publ. 01/10/2001).

Known patent of the Russian Federation No. 2180169 dated 03/10/2002, representing a solution of a bactericide (fungicide) for spraying a vegetative plant until it is completely wetted, where as a bactericide a solution containing populations of protozoa prepared by boiling in a crushed dry leaf-stem mass of a plant of the same variety is used, as affected by the disease, cooling the resulting solution, removing plant residues from it, adding a pH of 7.5 to the solution of potassium phosphate buffer, keeping the mixture for 3 days until it turns on NOSTA bacterial film, and checking the solution by simply making freshly cut stem of healthy plants of the same variety followed by aging the mixture for 3-5 days.

The disadvantage of using chemical and biological agents is that they do not have a selective effect on surrounding objects, do not collapse or do not have time to collapse, and as a result, being preserved in plants, they enter the body of humans and animals. Due to the noted drawbacks, these methods, as well as other disinfection agents, did not find large-scale production applications.

Closest to the claimed one is a method of pre-sowing treatment of seeds of agricultural crops with the active substance - activated water, in which the seeds were first soaked in a solution of activated water, after which they were dried to a certain moisture content in order to increase germination energy and fight against pathogenic microflora (RF patent No. 2170499 А01С 1/00, published on July 20, 2001).

The disadvantage of the prototype is the insufficient effect of the active substance on seed germination, which affects their productivity.

The technical result of the invention is to increase the productivity of peas by disinfection of pathogenic microflora.

The problem is achieved in that in the method of disinfecting peas in a protected ground for breeding purposes, comprising treating the plants with the active active substance, according to the invention, an ozone-air mixture with an ozone concentration of 1-5 mg / m ^{3 is} used as the active substance and the plants are treated 10- 30 minutes twice during daylight hours, every 3 hours during the entire growing season.

It has been experimentally established that the dose of ozone below the specified minimum value does not have the desired effect. A dosage of ozone above the indicated maximum level causes a burn of plants.

The novelty of the claimed technical solution lies in the fact that the ozone-air mixture is used as the active active substance in the intended treatment mode, which makes it possible to disinfect plants while eliminating environmental pollution, which ensures an increase in the productivity of LEGION peas.

According to the patent and scientific and technical literature, no similar technical solution was found, which gives reason to judge the ingenuity of the level of the proposed solution.

Since the invention uses a commonly available environmentally friendly chemical compound, it is possible widespread industrial use in agricultural production.

An example of a specific implementation of the disinfection method: LEGION pea seeds are sown in two greenhouses: one of them is a control and the other is experimental, after emergence in one of the greenhouses during the light period from 6 ⁰⁰ to 22 ⁰⁰ hours two times a day plants are treated with an ozone-air mixture with an ozone concentration of 1-5 mg / m ³ for 10-30 minutes every 3 hours, throughout the entire growing season.

The studies were carried out in the phytotron-greenhouse complex of the KNIISH, in two greenhouses with the same area and the same microclimate. Pea cultivation has been carried out since December 20, 2010. The microclimate mode is as follows: 12 hours - daylight hours (temperature t≈25 ÷ 27 ° С; humidity φ≈65%, drip irrigation); 12 - dark hours of the day (temperature t≈14 ÷ 16 ° С; humidity φ≈65%, drip irrigation).

In the experimental greenhouse, where ozone treatment was carried out, fusarium and bacteriosis in pea plants were absent. In the neighboring (control) greenhouse, the diseases were fully present, which necessitated the use of chemicals every 2 weeks.

Under general equal conditions, in the 2nd greenhouse, electrozonal installations were used.

Table 1. The results of the influence of ozone-air treatment on the infection of pea plants of the LEGION variety (at a concentration of 5 mg / m ³ ). Disease name The number of infected plants Control% Experienced,% Processing time, min 10 fifteen twenty 25 thirty Fusarium 36 19 8 3 0 0 Bacteriosis 48 26 12 6 2 0 Powdery mildew 32 17 7 5 0 0

When analyzing the data of table 1 of the effect of ozone-air treatment of peas of the LEGION variety at an ozone concentration of 5 mg / m ^{3, the} following was found out: bacterial-viral diseases of pea seedlings after 10 minutes of treatment decreased by half compared with the control, during subsequent processing the content of pathogenic microflora on plants, and within 25-30 minutes, the development of these diseases was completely prevented.

Table 2. Treatment of infected pea plants of the LEGION variety with an ozone concentration of 4 mg / m ³ in an ozone-air mixture Disease name The number of infected plants Control% Experienced,% Processing time, min 10 fifteen twenty 25 thirty Fusarium 36 22 fourteen 7 3 0 Bacteriosis 48 29th 16 10 5 0 Powdery mildew 32 twenty eleven 8 four 0

According to table 2, the effects of ozone-air treatment of peas of the LEGION variety with an ozone concentration of 4 mg / m ³ revealed the following: bacterial-viral diseases of pea seedlings after 10-15 minutes of treatment decreased by 38-39%, during subsequent processing, the content of pathogenic microflora gradually decreased plants, and within 25-30 minutes, the development of these diseases was completely prevented.

Table 3. Treating infected plants of peas of the LEGION variety with an ozone concentration of 3 mg / m ³ in an ozone-air mixture Disease name The number of infected plants Control% Experienced,% Processing time, min 10 fifteen twenty 25 thirty Fusarium 36 26 17 9 5 0 Bacteriosis 48 32 21 fourteen 9 3 Powdery mildew 32 24 fifteen eleven 6 0

When analyzing table 3 of the effects of ozone-air treatment of peas of the LEGION variety at an ozone concentration of 3 mg / m ^{3, the} following was found out: bacterial-viral diseases of pea seedlings decreased by 28-30% after 10-15 minutes of treatment, during subsequent treatment, the content of pathogenic microflora gradually decreased on plants, and within 25-30 minutes, the development of bacteriosis in peas decreased by 93%.

Table 4. Treatment of infected pea plants of the LEGION variety with an ozone concentration of 2 mg / m ³ in the ozone-air mixture Disease name The number of infected plants Control% Experienced,% Processing time, min 10 fifteen twenty 25 thirty Fusarium 36 31 22 16 10 four Bacteriosis 48 39 28 19 13 7 Powdery mildew 32 27 twenty eighteen eleven 5

According to table 4, the effects of ozone-air treatment of peas of the LEGION variety at an ozone concentration of 2 mg / m ³ revealed the following: bacterial-viral diseases of pea seedlings after 10 minutes of treatment decreased by 14-15%, during subsequent treatment, the content of pathogenic microflora in plants gradually decreased and within 25-30 minutes, the development of bacteriosis in peas decreased by 86%.

Table 5. Treatment of infected pea plants of the LEGION variety with an ozone concentration of 1 mg / m ³ in an ozone-air mixture Disease name The number of infected plants Control% Experienced,% Processing time, min 10 fifteen twenty 25 thirty Fusarium 36 34 27 19 13 6 Bacteriosis 48 45 33 24 eighteen 9 Powdery mildew 32 thirty 26 21 fifteen 7

When analyzing table 5 of the effect of ozone-air treatment of peas of the LEGION variety, the following was found out: bacterial-viral diseases of pea seedlings after 10 minutes of treatment decreased by 6-7%, during subsequent processing, the content of pathogenic microflora in plants gradually decreased, and over 25-30 minutes the development of bacteriosis in peas decreased by 81%.

Thus, on the basis of the conducted studies, the effectiveness of the claimed method of disinfecting peas in protected ground for breeding purposes was confirmed, which manifests itself in an increase in the productivity of LEGION peas by 45-50% due to the disinfecting effect.

Claims (1)

A method of disinfecting peas in a protected ground for breeding purposes, comprising treating the plants with the active active substance, characterized in that an ozone-air mixture with an ozone concentration of 1-5 mg / m ^{3 is} used as the active substance and the plants are treated for 10-30 minutes twice a daylight every 3 hours during the entire growing season.