RU2477777C1 - Method to dismantle smoke stack - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: method to dismantle a smoke stack consists in the fact that in a bearing shaft of a smoke stack through niches are punched, and the dismantled stack is rested on wooden bars arranged in niches, afterwards partitions between niches are removed with simultaneous burning of wooden bars. In the sector of pipe parts falling they dig at least two trenches arranged at the angle from 30 to 90 degrees to the bisector of the pipe falling sector, and between trenches they lay soil or another shock-absorbing material, and the smoke stack itself is separated at least into two separate parts, and at the side of the direction of falling dismantled parts of the smoke stack, in the section of parts separation, they punch through niches with height of not less than half of the radius of the pipe section and length of not less than half of the perimetre of the section, and dismantled parts of the pipe in the place of niches punching are rested against wooden bars, bars are laid horizontally, and the dismantled parts of the smoke stack subject to simultaneous cutting are inclined in the direction of falling by the angle of at least one degree, relative to the vertical axis of the lower part of the pipe, and at the side of falling direction the pipe parts are left connected between each other with metal elements or ropes, and at the side opposite to the falling direction, in the section of separation of parts of the smoke stack, reinforcement and other binding elements are cut fully from one third to three fourths of the separating section perimetre.

EFFECT: increased safety of smoke stacks dismantling, reduced seismic load, increased accuracy of falling of dismantled parts of a pipe, reduced cost and timing of dismantling.

Description

The invention relates to the field of construction of high-rise structures and structures, in particular brick and reinforced concrete chimneys, exhaust and water towers and other similar high-rise structures.

A known method of dismantling a chimney (patent RU 2209282), used under conditions of insufficient space for felling the whole pipe, including a working lifting platform inside the chimney, fixed to the support frame on the edge of the chimney, from which the lining is dismantled, and a shaft hoist with a lifting device and with a work platform suspended from it, from which, gradually lowering down from the top of the pipe, they dismantle the pipe by disassembling it into parts weighing less than 5% of the mass of the chimney.

Also known is the whole method of felling the entire pipe (“Smoke pipes” edited by S.V.Satyanova, M., Stroyizdat, 2001), when the flue pipe is cut by punching through niches at the base of the pipe, first at the bisector mark of the pipe falling sector, and then simultaneously and evenly on both sides of the bisector of the pipe falling sector with a step of 500-700 mm. Hydraulic jacks are installed in the punched niches, which gradually take on the load from the dismantled part of the pipe. Punching of niches is carried out at a distance of 2/3 of the perimeter of the pipe to the left and to the right of the bisector of the sector of the pipe falling direction. After punching all the niches and installing the jacks in them, the piers between the niches are cut down, after which the pipe, destroyed by its part, is completely supported by the jacks. Then, on the remaining 1/3 of the pipe circumference, from the side opposite to the direction of its fall, at a height of about 500 mm above the level of the niches, punches with a depth of 100-150 mm are punched, depending on the thickness of the pipe.

After performing all of the listed work on the cutting of the pipe, all jacks are turned off simultaneously. Having lost support from the side of the carved niche, the chimney falls in a given direction.

To minimize the possible angle of deviation of the chimney from a given direction before the start of cutting the base of the chimney, two ropes are stored on the top of the chimney, which are then fastened to powerful tractors, tensioning ropes before turning off the jacks.

A method is also known where, instead of jacks, the role of the supports is performed by vertically mounted wooden beams that are removed by burning.

The disadvantages of such methods are:

- a large angle of deviation of the fall of the chimney from a given direction:

- due to the influence of uneven distribution of mass and pipe strength throughout the volume;

- due to the initial deviation of the pipe from the vertical;

- due to the influence of wind load;

- due to uneven removal of supports due to non-simultaneous lowering of all jacks;

- due to the non-simultaneous collapse of vertical wooden beams due to the non-simultaneous loss of stability of the wood fibers in different beams;

- high seismic load on nearby buildings when the whole pipe falls;

- high complexity of work;

- danger of rope breaking;

- high risk of work when dismantling emergency chimneys;

The aim of the present invention is to increase the safety of dismantling chimneys, reducing seismic load on closely located buildings and structures, increasing the accuracy of the fall of dismantled parts of the chimney, reducing the cost and timing of dismantling.

This goal is achieved by the fact that the chimney is disassembled in separate large sections, the weight of each of which is at least 5% of the total weight of the chimney. To ensure accuracy of the fall of the pipe or its part, the collapsed part of the pipe is preliminarily separated from the lower part, cutting through the niches in the section of separation of the chimney parts to be dismantled from the direction of fall, the through niches with a height of at least half the outer radius of the pipe at the place of the divided pipe section into parts and the length of the niche not less than half of the perimeter of the horizontal section of the pipe parts to be separated, are preliminarily tilted into the collapsed part of the pipe in the direction of fall so that the vertical axis brusciano deviated from the tube axis of the downstream part of the tube at an angle of not less than one degree. The exact inclination of the collapsed chimney section towards the bisector of a given fall sector is provided by a uniform decrease in the height of the supports from the direction of the fall direction or by uniformly raising the side opposite to the direction of fall of the chimney using proppants or lifting devices.

As wooden supports, dried wooden bars of the same wood species are used, laid horizontally.

Supports made of metal, brick, stone made of composite material, such as reinforced concrete, can also be used.

The simultaneous removal of temporary supports is performed by simultaneous burning of an external source of fire or plasma, for example, an oxygen spear, thermite mixture, explosion, pushing or pulling out elements that ensure the stability of temporary supports.

In the section of separation of the parts from the direction of the fall direction, the parts to be separated are left interconnected by metal elements or ropes, by means of which the falling upstream parts of the pipe pull the downstream parts. From the opposite direction of the fall of the side in the sections for the separation of parts, the reinforcement is completely cut from one third to three quarters of the perimeter of the sections separating the parts of the chimneys.

The accuracy of the fall of the pipe parts is ensured by the preliminary inclination of the collapsed pipe parts, followed by the simultaneous removal of supports for each section.

To reduce the seismic load in the sector of falling parts of the pipe, at least two trenches are located, located at an angle from 90 to 30 degrees to the direction of fall of the pipe, and soil and damping material are laid between the trenches.

Claims (1)

A method of dismantling a chimney, characterized in that through niches are punched in the carrying trunk of the chimney and the dismantled pipe is supported on wooden beams located in niches, after which the walls between the niches are removed, followed by simultaneous ignition of the wooden beams, characterized in that in the falling sector of the pipe parts they dig at least two trenches located at an angle from 30 to 90 ° to the bisector of the pipe falling sector, and lay soil or other shock-absorbing material between the trenches, and the chimney itself y is divided into at least two separate parts, and from the direction of the fall of the dismantled parts of the chimney, in the cross-section of the separation of the parts, punch through niches with a height of at least half the radius of the cross section of the pipe and a length of at least half the perimeter of the section, and the dismantled parts of the pipe into the place where the niches are punched is rested on wooden beams, the beams are laid horizontally, and the dismantled parts of the chimney to be felled simultaneously are tilted in the direction of falling by an angle of at least one degree, relative to the vert the steel axis of the lower part of the pipe, and, from the direction of the fall, the parts of the pipe are left interconnected by metal elements or ropes, and from the side opposite to the direction of falling, in the cross section of the separation of the chimney parts, the fittings and other connecting elements are completely cut from one third to three quarters of the perimeter of the dividing section.