RU2475739C1 - Simulation method of gasification process of liquid rocket propellant residues, and device for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power industry.

SUBSTANCE: method is based on introduction of microparticles of porous ceramic elements to heat carrier (HC) flow. Simulation is performed by means of experimental plant (2) by introducing a gas jet with the specified parameters to it through inlet connection pipe (1). Perforated funnel (3) is installed into connection pipe (1). Model liquid is arranged in doses, for example in drops throughout the surface of the plant. Besides, HC flow with the specified parameters catches microparticles from surface of funnel (3). Microparticles are heated in hot HC flow to a certain temperature. When coming in contact with model liquid, they are crushed and intensify the evaporation process of that liquid (by transferring their heat to it). When leaving the plant through cyclone filter (4), the flow is cleaned from microparticles, supplied again to perforated funnel (3) via outlet connection pipe (5), and the process is repeated. Input and output values of temperature and pressure are measured during the whole experiment at different points of the experimental plant.

EFFECT: reduction of toxicity; increase in gasification velocity of liquid fuel component; simpler simulation means and provision of their usability both for scientific investigations, and for training purposes.

3 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to rocket and space technology and can be used to conduct physical modeling of gasification of liquid fuel residues in the tanks of the separating parts (OCh) of the stages of launch vehicles (LV) under low gravity conditions using experimental model installations in terrestrial conditions, as well as during full-scale launches of launch vehicles with gasification systems.

Known electromagnetic carburetor for an internal combustion engine, protected by RF patent for invention No. 2006649, comprising a chamber, pipelines for supplying liquid fuel and coolant (TN), polymer coated ferromagnetic granules and coaxially arranged electromagnetic coils.

The device is intended for crushing large drops of fuel, intense evaporation and obtaining a homogeneous vapor-air mixture. Liquid atomized fuel is supplied by a counterflow method to granules moving under the action of the electromagnetic field of the coils, moistens their outer surface, and individual drops are crushed. The finished mixture is piped into the cylinders of an internal combustion engine.

However, this device for crushing and vaporizing fuel droplets has limited functionality in relation to rocket and space technology due to the uncertainty of the fluid boundary position under small overload conditions.

The closest in technical essence to the proposed method and device for its implementation is a method for modeling the gasification process (thermochemical neutralization), described on pages 163-174 in book 1 "Reducing the technogenic impact of rocket launch vehicles on liquid toxic components of rocket fuel on the environment "(Monograph), under the editorship of V.I. Trushlyakova, Omsk: Publishing House of OmSTU, 2004.220 s.

The method includes modeling the entry of an oxidizing agent into the gas phase (with the given parameters in the form of a nozzle jet: spray shape and degree, jet length, pressure drop across the nozzle), providing conditions for interaction in the contact zone of the jet with the fuel surface, taking temperature and pressure measurements at various points of the experimental setup.

A device for implementing the method is an experimental installation (EU) in the form of a model tank, which consists of a shell, a spherical bottom, and contains a pan with two welded cups, temperature sensors, filling and drain valves, pressure sensors, a drainage pipe, a flow meter, a weight measuring device , utilizer, catalyst based gas analyzer.

The direct use of this method and device for its implementation, based on the receipt of a coolant (HT) by using the thermochemical reaction of the interaction of self-igniting components of rocket fuel (CMT), which are usually toxic, for the thermodynamic (and not thermochemical process) gasification process of other MCTs, for example, kerosene, however, it is possible that the gasification rate of liquid CMT is low, the process of ignition of the mixture is regulated, and the process of obtaining a given amount of t pla gasification fluid practically difficult. This limits the versatility of this method for modeling the gasification process of liquid MCT residues, including for educational institutions in the study of gasification processes of various liquids, because requires expensive equipment, specialized stands and certified personnel to work with explosive, toxic SRT.

The claimed technical solution is aimed at solving problems of reducing toxicity, increasing the rate of gasification of liquid CMT and economy, simplifying this method and making it possible to use this method for educational purposes and scientific research.

The specified technical result is achieved due to the fact that in the method of modeling the gasification process of the residues of liquid SRT in the tanks of the OCh stage of the LV, based on the introduction of a coolant with the specified parameters into the EA, providing the specified conditions for the interaction in the contact zone of the VT with the surface of the liquid gasified SRT, taking temperature measurements , pressures at various points of EU, according to the claimed invention, microparticles of porous ceramic elements (MPEC) are introduced into the VT stream, while this flow is circulated and VT with MPKE introduced in a volume container and at the outlet of the container is separated from the gasified MPKE stream via, e.g., a cyclone filter.

Liquid MCT is subjected to the effect of heated MPCE, for this MPEC is added to hot VT, while the parameters of VT, MPC size, structure and their quantity are determined from minimizing the criteria for the gasification process, for example, reducing losses on the heating of the structure, reducing the time for the gasification process, and the weight of the system gasification, cost, etc.

The technical result in terms of the device is also achieved due to the fact that the device for modeling the gasification process of residual liquid SRT in the tanks of the OCh stage of the PH, which includes in its composition EI, in the form of a model tank, temperature, pressure sensors, inlet and outlet pipes, according to the claimed invention the device further comprises a container with a metered input MPKE, a perforated funnel for holding MPKE in the area of the VT flow, a cyclone filter connected to a gas discharge valve.

The essence of the technical solution is illustrated by drawings, where:

figure 1 shows a device for implementing the inventive method,

figure 2 shows the IPEC.

The proposed method for modeling gasification processes is as follows.

A perforated funnel 3 with a cell, the size of which is determined from the condition: P≥KD _MPKE , is installed in the inlet pipe 1 of ES ₂ ;

where P is the cell size,

D _MPEC - the diameter of the smallest MPEC,

K is the coefficient determined experimentally by the theory of calibration, for example, ball bearings (Kovalev MP, Narodetskiy MZ Calculation of high-precision ball bearings. M .: Engineering. - 1975, 280 S.).

The model fluid is dosed, for example, drops over the entire surface of the EU.

Into the EU enter VT with the given parameters:

T - temperature ТН, ° C,

m is the flow rate of the VT, m ³ / s.

The TN flow captures the MPEC from the surface of the perforated funnel 3. Over time, a certain temperature is gained in the hot MP TNC flow. The process of colliding MPE with a model fluid is random. As a result, the evaporation of the model fluid is crushed and intensified by transferring thermal energy from the MPEC to the fluid. The process of intensification of evaporation occurs due to a change in the mechanism of heat transfer from MPE to liquid (thermal conductivity) to convective heat transfer.

The dynamics of the MPEC behavior in EI is due to the initial parameters of the VT introduced into the EI (flow rate and temperature).

MPKE before the flow exit from the EU passes through the cyclone filter 4 and is discharged through the outlet pipe 5 to the initial position (Fig. 1), to the perforated funnel 3, from where the process is repeated.

Throughout the duration of the experiment, measurements are made of the input and output parameters of temperature and pressure at various points of the EU.

The TN and MPE parameters are selected from the condition of minimizing the criteria for the gasification process, for example:

- heat loss due to heating of the structure (during elastic collision of MPE with the tank wall, MPE rebounds with minimal heat transfer to the wall);

- gasification time t _k ;

, где i_TH - энтальпия теплоносителя;- amount of heat supplied to the tank

where i _TH is the coolant enthalpy;

,- energy and mass costs

,

where с ₁ , с ₂ - weighting coefficients, are determined depending on the degree of importance of the components and are selected by traditional methods, for example, multi-criteria optimization problems,

W - the spent number of kilowatt hours for the operation of the compressor, thermal electric heater and all electrical appliances, kW / h,

- масса ТН, кг.m

- mass TN, kg.

The choice of MPKE (figure 2) for introducing them into the VT flow is due to the following factors (Evans A.G., Langdon T.T. Structural ceramics. M: Metallurgy, 1980. 256 pp.):

- high thermal conductivity MPKE -1.16 W / (m · ° C),

- high strength MPKE - 30 MPa or more,

- high vapor permeability (depending on porosity),

- low mass MPKE (depends on porosity),

- high melting point t _PL = 1600 ... 4000 ° C.

, гдеThe definition of porosity:

where

ρ _t is the true density of the material, kg / m ³ ,

ρ _v is the apparent density of the porous sample, kg / m ³ , where

ρ _v = m / V, where

m is the mass of the sample with pores, kg;

V is the volume of the sample with pores, m ³ .

The effect of the proposed method and device for its implementation lies in the possibility of using it for educational and scientific purposes and, as a result, obtaining a significant amount of new experimental data for studying gasification processes using technology to intensify the process by introducing into MP MPE and increasing the efficiency of man-made reduction systems the impact of rocket launch vehicles with liquid rocket engines by choosing the optimal composition and parameters of the gasification system.

Claims (3)

1. A method for modeling the process of gasification of residual liquid components of rocket fuel in the tanks of the separating parts of the stages of launch vehicles, based on the introduction of a coolant with the specified parameters into the experimental installation, providing the specified conditions for interaction in the contact zone of the coolant with the surface of the liquid gasified component of rocket fuel, and temperature measurements pressure at various points of the experimental setup, characterized in that microparticles are introduced into the heat carrier flow s of porous ceramic elements, while this coolant flow is circulated with microporous ceramic elements introduced into the volume of the container, and microporous ceramic elements are separated from the gasified stream at the outlet of the container, for example, using a cyclone filter. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the dimensions of the introduced microporous ceramic elements, their structure and quantity are determined from the conditions for optimizing the criteria for the gasification of the residues of liquid rocket fuel components in the tanks of the separating parts of the stages of launch vehicles. 3. A device for simulating the process of gasification of the residual liquid component of rocket fuel in the tanks of the separating part of the stage of the launch vehicle, including a model tank, temperature, pressure sensors, inlet and outlet pipes, characterized in that the experimental setup contains a device for dosed microporous input ceramic elements, a perforated funnel for holding microporous ceramic elements in the coolant flow zone and a cyclone filter connected to a relief valve gas.

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