RU2474816C2 - Method for simulating process of gasification of liquid rocket propellent remains and apparatus for realising said method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: physics.

SUBSTANCE: inventions can be used in physical simulation of processes of gasification of liquid fuel remains in tanks of separated vehicle stages. Simulation is carried out using an experimental setup by feeding heat carrier with given parameters into said setup. The heat carrier is fed through an ultrasonic jet-edge generator. To imitate low gravity conditions, the tray on which the gasified liquid is located is subjected to ultrasonic action. A piezoelectric transducer is used to this end. Parameters of the heat carrier and the ultrasonic emitters are determined during multi-criteria optimisation - on criteria of the gasification process, such as time, energy and mass consumption and the amount of heat fed into the tank. The method is realised using an apparatus in form of an experimental setup. The experimental setup includes a model tank having a tray for the liquid component of the rocket propellant, temperature and pressure sensors, an inlet pipe and an outlet pipe. The setup further includes two inlet pipes, one of which is fitted with a jet-edge generator. The tray is detachable and is mechanically connected to the piezoelectric transducer.

EFFECT: reduced toxicity, high rate of gasification of the liquid component, and a cheap, simple method which can be used for both scientific research and training purposes.

3 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to rocket and space technology and can be used to conduct physical modeling of gasification of liquid fuel residues in the tanks of the separating parts (OCh) of the stages of launch vehicles (LV) under low gravity conditions using experimental model installations in terrestrial conditions, as well as during full-scale launches of launch vehicles with gasification systems.

A device for ultrasonic processing of a fuel-air mixture in carburetors is known, protected by RF patent for invention No. 2244846, comprising an ultrasonic RC generator, an emitter mounted directly in the carburetor mixing chamber.

The device is intended for crushing large drops of fuel by ultrasonic treatment of the air-fuel mixture in carburetors of engines with external mixture formation. An emitter in a body made of gas-resistant rubber, installed in the flow of the air-fuel mixture, emits in this case oscillations in two directions, in which the appearance of large drops of fuel is most likely.

However, this device for ultrasonic processing of the air-fuel mixture has limited functionality in relation to rocket and space technology.

The closest in technical essence to the proposed method and device for its implementation is a method for modeling the gasification process (thermochemical neutralization), described on pages 163-174 in book 1 "Reducing the technogenic impact of rocket launch vehicles on liquid toxic components of rocket fuel on the environment "(Monograph) under the editorship of V.I. Trushlyakova, Omsk: Publishing House of OmSTU, 2004.220 s.

The method includes modeling the entry of an oxidizing agent into the gas phase (with given parameters in the form of a nozzle jet: spray shape and degree, jet length, pressure drop across the nozzle), providing interaction conditions in the contact zone of the jet with the fuel surface.

The device for implementing the method is an experimental installation (EU) in the form of a model tank, which consists of a shell, a spherical bottom and contains a pan with two welded cups, temperature sensors, filling and drain valves, pressure sensors, a drainage pipe, a flow meter, a weight measuring device, utilizer, gas analyzer based on the use of a catalyst.

The direct use of this method and device for its implementation, based on the receipt of a coolant (HT) by using the thermochemical reaction of the interaction of self-igniting components of rocket fuel (CMT), which are usually toxic, for the thermodynamic (and not thermochemical process) gasification process of other MCTs, for example, kerosene, however, it is possible that the gasification rate of liquid CMT is low, the process of ignition of the mixture is regulated, and the process of obtaining a given amount of t pla gasification fluid practically difficult. This limits the versatility of this method for modeling the gasification process of liquid MCT residues, including for educational institutions in the study of gasification processes of various liquids, because requires expensive equipment, specialized stands and certified personnel to work with explosive, toxic SRT.

The claimed technical solution is aimed at solving problems of reducing toxicity, increasing the rate of gasification of liquid CMT and economy, simplifying this method and making it possible to use this method for educational purposes and scientific research.

The specified technical result is achieved due to the fact that in the method of modeling the gasification process of residual liquid SRT in the tanks of the OCh stage of the LV, based on introducing into the EI VT with the given parameters, providing the specified conditions for interaction in the contact zone of the VT with the surface of the liquid gasified SRT, taking temperature measurements , pressure at various points of EU, according to the claimed invention , the liquid gasified SRT is subjected to ultrasonic (ultrasound) exposure, while the parameters of the VT and the generated ultrasonic vibrations knock out The conditions for minimizing the criteria for the gasification process are minimized: the time of the gasification process, energy and mass costs, and the amount of heat supplied to the tank.

The liquid gasified SRT is subjected to ultrasonic treatment, for this purpose the VT is passed through the ultrasound by a gas-jet emitter (GSI) installed in one of the inlet pipes. The geometrical parameter of the GSI is controlled by the choice of the inlet pipe, since the location of the GSI relative to the gasified liquid is one of the main parameters of ultrasonic exposure. A piezoelectric emitter (PEI) is also attached to the pallet, while the parameters of the VT and the generated ultrasonic vibrations are selected from the condition of minimizing the criteria for the gasification process.

In the process of laboratory work, the effects of changes in the parameters of VT, GSI and PEI from previously determined (optimal) are investigated. The student in the process of conducting laboratory work must determine the degree of influence of the parameters of VT, GSI and PEI on the overall picture of the gasification process, as well as the possible mutual influence of the systems on each other. For example, the influence of GSI in certain ranges of intensity and frequency can lead to a change in the amplitude and frequency of the PEI parameters.

The technical result in terms of the device is also achieved due to the fact that the device for modeling the gasification process of the residues of liquid SRT in the tanks of the OCh stage of the PH, which includes in its composition EI, in the form of a model tank containing a tray for liquid SRT, temperature, pressure, input and the outlet pipe, according to the claimed invention, the device further comprises two inlet pipes, one of which has a GSI.

In addition to the GSI, a PEI is installed in the EU, which is mechanically connected to a removable pallet. Moreover, the ultrasound effect is applied to liquid CMT both simultaneously and separately.

The essence of the technical solution is illustrated by drawings, where

figure 1 shows the pneumatic diagram of the experimental stand, explaining the preparation system of TN,

figure 2 shows a device for implementing the inventive method.

The effect of wave radiation, in particular ultrasound, on gasification processes consists in changing the thermal conductivity coefficients, crushing the liquid droplets, which in turn increases the heat exchange area of the liquid and VT and, accordingly, reduces the values of the introduced criteria (Ultrasound. Small Encyclopedia. Editor in Chief I.P. .Golyamin. - M.: “Soviet Encyclopedia”, 1974. - 400).

Analysis of the available theoretical and experimental data on liquid gasification shows a significant dependence of the parameters of the gasification process on the boundary conditions of the liquid, the relative position of the GSI in the tank relative to the liquid.

The proposed method for modeling gasification processes is as follows:

Into the EU enter VT with the given parameters:

Т - temperature ТН, ° C

m is the flow rate of the VT, m / s.

Provide the specified conditions for interaction in the contact zone of the VT with liquid CMT. To do this, based on the initial conditions of the experiment, choose the boundary conditions for the location of liquid CMT (liquid mirror, droplet distribution), input angle γ and elongation l TH, where

γ is the angle in the plane perpendicular to the surface of the fluid between the surface of the gasified fluid and the longitudinal axis of the GSI, deg, (figure 2),

l is the distance in the direction of propagation of radiation of the GSI and the surface of the gasified liquid and the GSI, m, (figure 2).

A GSI is installed in one of the inlet pipes and VT is fed through it. At the same time, the emitter is pre-configured, changing its parameters:

ω is the frequency of the sound range, Hz,

J is the sound power, dB.

Throughout the duration of the experiment, measurements are made of the input and output parameters of temperature and pressure at various points of the EU.

Apply ultrasonic treatment to the pallet on which the gasified liquid is located, by means of PEI.

The parameters of VT and ultrasonic exposure are selected from the condition of minimizing the criteria for the gasification process.

The problem statement can be considered in the form of optimization of the criteria for the gasification process as one, for example, gasification time, or several at the same time (energy-mass costs, amount of heat supplied).

- gasification time of liquid CMT:

Through a series of experiments, the optimal parameters of VT and ultrasonic emitters are selected to minimize the criterion of gasification (gasification time):

- energy and mass costs:

where c _i - weighting factors, are determined depending on the degree of importance of the components and are selected by traditional methods, for example, multi-criteria optimization problems,

W - the spent number of kilowatt hours for the operation of the compressor, thermal electric heater and all electrical appliances, kW / h,

- масса ТН, кг.

- mass TN, kg.

- the amount of heat supplied to the tank:

- энтальпия теплоносителя.Where

- coolant enthalpy.

The implementation of the method is illustrated in figure 2.

Immediately, before supplying the VT to the EU with the GSI, it passes through the training system, which is illustrated in Fig. 1.

Pre-launch the experimental stand (figure 1).

For this, all valves (1, 2, 3-5) are closed, except valves 6 and 7, and all electrical appliances and equipment are turned on, the VT (air) is pumped by compressor 8. Through valves 6 and 7, air fills the receiver, which consists of two cylinders 9 .

After reaching a certain pressure in the receiver 9 (up to 10-16 atm), measured with a pressure gauge 10, valves 1 and 2 are opened in series and the VT enters the moisture separator 11 on which the pressure gauge is mounted. It establishes the working pressure, which is determined by the tasks and conditions of this experiment, as well as the criteria for the gasification process, but does not exceed 16 atm. Further, passing through a filtration system 12, which is a filter unit, and a safety pneumatic valve 13, the VT reaches a flow meter 14, which consists of a flow controller and a flow sensor.

Using a flow meter, the flow rate of the VT is set, which is also determined by the tasks and conditions of the experiment, as well as the criterion of the gasification process. Further, passing through the heat exchanger, the VT enters the heater 15, which is regulated by a transformer 16.

In the heater, the VT reaches a predetermined temperature. To ensure that the desired temperature is reached, open valve 3 and discharge the VT through the heat exchanger and open valve 4 into the exhaust pipe (utilizer). Input parameters, temperature and pressure, are controlled by sensors 17 and 18, respectively.

After the VT reaches the set temperature, the valve 3 closes and the valve 5 opens. The VT enters the EU through the GSI 19.

The distance l (figure 1) is adjusted by installing an additional extension cord (not shown in the drawing). The temperature sensors 20 and pressure sensors 21 control the output parameters of the gasified liquid.

The device for implementing the method for simulating the gasification process of liquid SRT residues includes an electric power unit, which consists of GSI 19, three inlet pipes 22, welded into the side wall at angles of 0 °, 30 °, 45 °, gasified liquid 23, a sump 24 installed on the legs 25, the outlet pipe 26, PEI 27 and the welded drain pipe 28.

As a result of the above preparation, we obtain VT with the given parameters (temperature, flow rate).

TH, after preparation (Fig. 1), reaches one of the inlet pipes 22 (Fig. 2). A preconfigured GSI 19 is installed in this pipe. The VT, passing through the GSI 19, acts on the gasified liquid 23 located on the sump 24, thereby the gasification process is carried out. The pallet 24 is mounted on four legs 25, which are a thermal bridge, to reduce the loss of heat going to heat the structure. Gasified vapors are discharged through aperture 26. A removable sump is mechanically connected to PEI 27. A process aperture 28 is provided for draining residual liquid.

The use of ultrasound systems, such as GSI 19 and PEI 27, can significantly increase the degree of intensification, which in turn significantly increases the rate of gasification of the liquid.

The effect of the proposed method and device for its implementation lies in the possibility of using it for educational and scientific purposes and, as a result, to obtain a significant amount of new experimental data for studying the mechanisms of the influence of ultrasonic radiation on the gasification process and increasing the efficiency of systems for reducing the anthropogenic effects of rocket launch vehicles with liquid rocket engines, by choosing the optimal composition and parameters of the gasification system.

Claims (3)

1. A method for modeling the process of gasification of residues of the liquid component of rocket fuel in the tanks of the separating part of the stage of the launch vehicle, based on the introduction of a coolant with the specified parameters into the experimental setup, providing the specified interaction conditions in the contact zone of the coolant with the surface of the liquid gasified component of the rocket fuel, and taking temperature measurements and pressure at various points in the experimental setup, characterized in that the liquid gasified component of the rocket fuel is subjected to ultrasonic impact, wherein the parameters of the coolant and the generated ultrasonic oscillations is chosen from minimization condition of the gasification process criteria: Time gasification process energomassovyh cost and amount of heat supplied to the tank. 2. A device for modeling the process of gasification of the residual liquid component of rocket fuel in the tanks of the separating part of the stage of the launch vehicle, which includes an experimental setup in the form of a model tank containing a pallet for the liquid component of rocket fuel, temperature, pressure sensors, inlet and outlet pipes, characterized in that the device comprises two additional inlet nozzles, moreover, a gas-jet emitter is installed in one of the inlet nozzles of the experimental setup. 3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the removable tray is mechanically connected to the piezoelectric emitter.

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