RU2474693C1 - Modular support of vertical shaft - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.

SUBSTANCE: modular support of vertical shaft includes reinforced-concrete modules with projections, which are located on edges; modules have lifting lugs and arched tubes; water removal system is arranged in the support body, and space between external projections of modules is filled with mixture of activated tailings of ore concentration of the first and the second turns, granules of foamed polystyrene and larger filler with the size of up to 20 mm.

EFFECT: reduction of installation labour intensity of modular support, creation of zone with adjustable deformation at action of pressure on the side of rocks and providing the controlled operating mode of the support under action of increased hydrostatic pressure.

5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the mining industry, in particular, to the construction of supports for vertical shafts, and can be used in the construction of shafts of coal mines and mines, as well as vertical mine workings of underground infrastructure of cities built in weak, flooded, prone to creep, rocks.

Known design block support the vertical trunk [1-3]. The closest to the proposed technical essence and the achieved result is the support of formwork blocks with protrusions on the outside [4], which allows:

- eliminate the need for formwork;

- mount the barrel with small bouts;

- use / combine materials with different properties on the external contour of the lining;

- increase the safety of work;

- guaranteed to maintain the required minimum thickness of the block filling;

- a smooth inner surface can significantly reduce the aerodynamic drag of the barrel and, accordingly, reduce the cost of ventilation compared to tubing supports.

However, the proposed solution has several disadvantages:

1. Blocks have a maximum thickness (protrusion) in the middle, while internal stresses in their material reach a maximum at the edges, namely along vertical joints.

2. Due to the structural features of the blocks, the construction of the lining is possible only by calls in the direction from the bottom up.

3. Difficulty, laboriousness, a large proportion of heavy manual labor during installation.

4. High rigidity - the protrusions of the block, according to the author, should be in contact with the rock, and concrete filling does not allow the rocks to move into the space between the protrusions.

5. The inability to adjust the mode of support.

6. In the presence of high hydrostatic pressure, water seeping through the material of the blocks destroys their structure, which leads to deformations and violations of the lining.

The aim of the invention is to create a design of block lining, allowing more rational use of the resources of its materials, erect lining in the direction of top-down, reduce the complexity of installation, create zones with controlled deformation when exposed to pressure from the rocks, to provide a controlled mode of operation of the lining when exposed to increased hydrostatic pressure .

Figure 1 shows the block support of the vertical trunk; on figa shows a view of the structure of the block from above, on figb view of the structure in front; on figa shows a General view of the connection of the blocks, on figb shows a connecting pin for mounting blocks.

To achieve these goals, a block lining design is proposed, including (see Fig. 1) reinforced concrete blocks with protrusions on the outside (pos. 5), a mixture placed in the space between the outer protrusions of the blocks (pos. 2) from activated ore dressing tailings, expanded polystyrene with granule sizes up to 3 mm and crushed stone up to 20 mm in size, as well as a water collection and drainage system located in the body of the lining, control valves.

Compared with the analogue, the lining has the following design improvements:

1. The bulges, the outer protrusions (key 5) are located at the edges of the blocks, as shown in figure 1.

This allows you to reduce stress in the most dangerous sections of the lining - the vertical end surfaces of the blocks.

2. Arc tubes are introduced into the reinforcing cage at the ends of the block (Fig. 3b, pos. 19), which allows fastening the blocks together with studs (pos. 20).

3. Mounting eyes made of reinforcing steel are introduced into the reinforcing cage, two on each side and four in the upper and lower sections (Fig.2b, pos.7-18).

4. The composition intended for filling voids behind blocks includes: tailings of ore dressing activated in the disintegrator of the first and second processing stages, expanded polystyrene with granule sizes up to 3 mm and large aggregate up to 20 mm in size.

5. At the stage of installation of the reinforcing cage, a horizontal pipe segment with a thread is included in the unit, which is intended for the subsequent installation of the control valve (Fig. 1, item 3).

6. On the outside of each block is mounted a segment of a perforated pipe filled with drainage material (Fig. 1, item 6).

Design changes noted in paragraphs 2 and 3 allow the mechanization of the installation process as much as possible, as well as the construction of the lining in the direction from top to bottom. Given the proposed improvements, installation is carried out in the following order. The lining block is lowered into the barrel in the tunnel bucket / on the rope of the lifting machine into the face, where through the eyes 7 and 8 (fig.2b) it is hooked to the suspension device of the barrel loading machine, with the help of which it moves to the installation site. There, the block is uncoupled, the ropes of the suspension device are inserted into the eyes 13 and 14 of the upper ring and again attached to the eyes 7 and 8 of the mounted block. Next, lifting the block, place it in the design position, adjusting the installation process by driving the mandrels through the eyes 9, 10, 11, 12, 17, 18 of the mounted and neighboring blocks. After installation in the design position, the unit is connected to adjacent arcuate studs (key 20, fig.3b). Further, if the ring is the last in the entry, add rock and fill the aggregate. If not, begin the next cycle of tunneling work.

The modification noted in paragraph 4 is a key innovation that allows you to get the desired properties of the lining.

With the correct blasting and mounting of the lining, the protrusions on the outside of the blocks, as the rocks converge, come into operation quickly enough and do not allow the array to shift excessively. A placeholder of the proposed composition has unique properties [5, 6]. The mixture of ore dressing tailings, activated in the disintegrator of the first and second processing stages, has increased rheological properties; when loads increase slowly, it deforms without discontinuity, and filters water better than regular concrete. Large aggregate with a size of not more than 20 mm and granules of expanded polystyrene make it possible to create an environment with increased "distributed" porosity, which, combined with the ability to actively deform under load without breaking the continuity, gives the structure section flexibility and allows unloading the adjacent rock mass during lining operation. The third, most important, advantage of this aggregate is the resistance of the composition to moisture, i.e. This material can filter a liquid for a long time in one mode without increasing the cross-sections of the filtration channels.

A particular problem for concrete supports is the uncontrolled filtration of water through concrete material and the joints of individual castings. It is most acute for monolithic concrete lining, erected in the bottom of the trunk. Difficult conditions, tightness, clutter of the section, the need to lay concrete with penetrations up to 4 m deep for the formwork, do not allow obtaining sufficiently dense, waterproof concrete. As a result, under the influence of prolonged filtration, a violation of the structure of the material occurs, weakening zones appear in the lining. In this regard, in particularly responsible opening mines, at enterprises intended for long-term operation, for example, at Mir, Udachny, International, Skalisty diamond and ore mines, trunks are fixed to the entire depth with cast-iron tubing. In places where the hydrostatic pressure and pressure from the rocks are insignificant, tubings with a small wall thickness (20 mm) are used. This leads to a significant increase in the cost of construction and often does not give a positive result. Hydrostatic pressure, fully restored at the outer boundary of the waterproof tubing string, squeezes lead gaskets, leads to the formation of leaks at the joints of the tubing, in places of bolted joints. Re-tamping gives only a temporary effect. According to the authors, under these conditions, tubing with a wall thickness of 20, 30 mm can be replaced with much cheaper lining made of reinforced concrete blocks of the proposed design.

In the described lining, this problem is solved by controlling the mode of its operation under the influence of hydrostatic pressure. Water flowing through the rocks to the lining contour, due to the difference in the filtration coefficients of the concrete blocks and aggregate of the proposed composition, is drained by vertical channels and then flows through the sections of perforated pipes located in them into the water drainage system. In this case, vertical channels, i.e. niches filled with the proposed composition, formed by the external protrusions of the blocks, accumulate the liquid phase and lower its pressure with a minimum at the outer edge of the blocks. The value of the specified minimum can be adjusted using valves that let water through only when the selected pressure is reached. The choice of pressure should be based on the condition of "zero filtration" through the material of the blocks. From the control valves, water enters the water drainage system and is pumped to the surface.

It should be especially noted that the proposed design can be used both for fastening the entire trunk, and for its individual sections crossing aquifers.

Literature

1. Copyright certificate No. 1659664 A1 SU, E21D 5/04, “Support of a mine shaft”.

2. Patent No. 488522 DE, E21D 5/04, "Betonformstein fur den Schachtausbau"

3. Patent No. 1090608 DE, E21D 5/04, "Betonformsteinausbau für Untertageräume"

4. Patent No. 445759 DE, E21D 5/04, Schachtausbau

5. Stradanchenko S. G. Report on research on the topic: “Reducing the risk and mitigating the effects of technological disasters by creating environmentally friendly technologies for the development of industrial deposits with the extraction of useful components from them by mechanochemical activation” (intermediate stage No. 2). The name of the stage: “Justification of the technologies for the elimination of technogenic deposits” / SC No. 14.740.11.0427, State Registration No. 01201065283 / S. G. Stradanchenko, V. I. Golik, S. A. Maslennikov, etc. 2011 - 92 p.

6. Stradanchenko S.G. Report on research on the topic: “Reducing the risk and reducing the consequences of technological disasters by creating environmentally friendly technologies for the development of technological deposits with the extraction of useful components from them by mechanochemical activation” (intermediate stage No. 3). The name of the stage: “Justification of technologies for the elimination of technogenic deposits (stage 2)” / GK No. 14.740.11.0427, state registration number 01201065283 / S.G. Stradanchenko, V.I. Golik, S.A. Maslennikov and others. 2011 - 101 from.

Claims (1)

Block support of a vertical trunk, including reinforced concrete blocks with protrusions on the outside and a filler of channels formed by the external protrusions of the blocks, characterized in that the external protrusions are located at the edges of the block, the blocks have mounting eyes, arc tubes, as well as the a water drainage system, and as a filler of the space between the outer protrusions of the blocks, a mixture of activated tailings of ore enrichment of the first and second stage, granules of expanded polystyrene and large filling carrier up to 20 mm in size.

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