RU2109139C1 - Sectional lining for underground working - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining industry. SUBSTANCE: this can be used in construction of mine shafts and tunnels of various purpose in corrosive media. Sectional lining of underground working is made up of blocks produced with use of reinforced polymer-concrete with holes for injection of binding solutions beyond lining. Also used is dispersive reinforcement in the form of steel and/or synthetic fibres. In addition, provided are units for fastening blocks to each other, and locking members. Dispersive reinforcement made in the form of aforesaid fibres of various length occupies 4-25% of total mass of reinforced polymer-concrete. Description of invention presents different versions of lining embodiment, possible dimensions and ratios of fibres, different design variations of locking members and their fastening units, reinforcement and sealing articles. Also permissible is additional introduction of metallurgical production process waste. EFFECT: higher efficiency. 27 cl, 46 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to mining and can be used in the construction of trunks and tunnels for various purposes in aggressive environments.

 Known prefabricated lining of a mine, including blocks made using reinforced concrete, having reinforcement and holes for injecting fastening solutions for the lining, fastening units of the blocks together and locking elements [1].

 A disadvantage of the known lining is that the blocks do not exclude the possibility of shrinkage cracks due to the uneven reinforcement of the polymer concrete, which leads to premature failure of the lining during its operation in aggressive environments.

 Known prefabricated lining of a mine, including blocks made using reinforced concrete, having reinforcement and holes for injecting fastening solutions for the lining, the nodes of the blocks attached to each other and locking elements [2].

 A disadvantage of the known lining is the possibility of shrinkage cracks due to the uneven reinforcement of the polymer concrete, which leads to premature failure of the lining during operation in aggressive environments.

 The objective of the invention is to obtain a technical result, expressed in increasing the durability of the lining during operation in aggressive environments.

 The problem is solved in that in a prefabricated lining of a mine working area, including blocks made using reinforced concrete, having reinforcement and holes for injecting fastening solutions for the lining, the nodes of the blocks attached to each other and the locking elements, the reinforced concrete has dispersed reinforcement made in the form of steel and / or synthetic fibers of various lengths, and dispersed reinforcement is 4 - 25% in the total weight of reinforced concrete.

 In a specific example of the invention, when using only steel fibers, 50% of their total number have a length of 5 mm, 25% each - 10 and 15 mm, when using only synthetic fibers 50% of their total number also have a length of 5 mm, 25% each - 7 and 10 mm, when using steel and synthetic fibers, together 25% of both of them have a length of 5 mm, 15% of steel fibers have a length of 10 and 15 mm and 10% of synthetic fibers have a length of 7 and 10 mm.

 Waste from metallurgical production — slag with fraction sizes not exceeding the size of fractions of the largest filler of armored polymer concrete with dispersed reinforcement — can be added to reinforced polymer concrete with disperse reinforcement.

 In particular cases of execution, the lining blocks have radial external and internal surfaces in a longitudinal section located in a plane perpendicular to the central axis of the mine working. At least two opposite ends of the blocks have mounting holes for accommodating the mounting studs.

 The blocks have mounting cutouts, which are usually made from the inside at the corners of the blocks to a depth equal to 2/3 of the thickness of the block.

 Recessed outlets are located in the assembly cutouts of the blocks.

 The lining may contain blocks, in some of which the mounting cutouts are made on the inside at their ends, in the other part of the blocks, on the opposite sides and on the side of the mounting cutouts, the ends of these blocks have inclined sections, the height of each of which is 1/4 of the height of the end of the block, and the depth of the mounting cut-out for both is equal to no more than 1/2 the thickness of the block.

 The prefabricated lining can be made of blocks, in which mounting cutouts are made at the corners of the blocks on the inside with a depth equal to 1/3 of the thickness of the block and are equipped with mounting bolts, while a groove-groove is made on one of the transverse ends of the block, and on the other comb with elastic waterproofing pad.

 In another case, prefabricated lining blocks have a protrusion on one of the transverse ends and a depression on the other, while mounting cutouts are also made at the corners of the blocks from the inside, with a depth equal to 1/3 of the block thickness, and are equipped with mounting bolts, and at the transverse end with a hollow, a gasket made of an elastic waterproofing cord is installed.

 The lining blocks in cross section may have an elliptical shape.

 One transverse end face of the block can be made convex, and the mounting holes in it have an elongated shape in a longitudinal direction parallel to a plane perpendicular to the central axis of the mine working.

 To increase the bearing capacity, the reinforcement of the blocks can be represented by longitudinal and transverse elements, while the transverse elements are made in the form of a spiral.

 In one embodiment, the blocks on the outside have a screen, and on the inside there are sides and partitions. Moreover, the screen has a thickness equal to 1/2 - 1/3 of the block thickness, and is made of reinforced concrete with dispersed reinforcement, and the sides and partitions are made of concrete or reinforced concrete.

 In another embodiment, box-shaped frames are made in blocks of armored polymer concrete with disperse reinforcement, which are filled with reinforced concrete and coated with a polymer film on the outer and inner sides.

 One of the versions involves box-shaped frames in blocks of armored polymer concrete with disperse reinforcement, each of which is a box with a base and end walls, while the box is filled with reinforced concrete, and the width of the base exceeds the width of the box along its end walls to form longitudinal beads.

 The prefabricated lining may contain blocks having an I-profile in which the distance between the outer shelves exceeds the same distance between the inner shelves, while chambers of elastic material are located between the outer shelves with the possibility of air voids between the outer surface of the chambers and the walls of the mine working, moreover, the chambers are made with the possibility of pumping air or fastening solutions into them after mounting the lining before filling the air voids with fastening solutions or follows their completion fastening solutions.

 In one of the special cases, the units for fastening the blocks to each other can be made in the form of a metal plate with four holes superimposed on the reinforcing outlets of four adjacent blocks, and two metal strips located crosswise under the reinforcing outlets with threaded rods passing through the reinforcing outlets of diagonally adjacent blocks and holes of a metal plate, the latter being fixed by nuts screwed onto threaded rods.

 In another case, the attachment points of the blocks are made in the form of two metal strips, located crosswise under the reinforcing outlets, with threaded rods passing through the reinforcing outlets of diagonally adjacent blocks, and the holes of the metal plates superimposed on the reinforcing outlets of the longitudinally adjacent blocks, the plates being fixed nuts screwed onto threaded rods.

 In yet another case, the attachment points of the blocks to each other are made in the form of mounting bolts embedded in the blocks in the area of the mounting cutouts made on the inside of the blocks and mating holes in the area of the mounting cutouts made on the outside of the blocks through which the mentioned bolts are passed and tightened with nuts .

 And, finally, in another particular case, the attachment points of the blocks between themselves can be made in the form of a metal plate with four holes, into which mounting bolts are located and fastened with nuts, located in the mounting cutouts of four adjacent blocks.

 In the prefabricated lining, the locking element can be made in the form of a cage with the grooves located in its guide grooves with the possibility of sliding under the action of the power mechanism by the supporting parts of the sliding block.

 The supporting parts of the sliding block can be stacked one on top of the other. At the outer ends of the supporting parts of the sliding block, a groove-groove or a depression is made on one of them and a ridge with an elastic waterproofing gasket or protrusion on the other, respectively.

 The locking element may in another case be made in the form of a block with mounting cutouts located at its ends symmetrically from its outer side, while holes for bolts embedded in the blocks are made in the area of the mounting cutouts.

 Figure 1 shows the assembled lining in assembled form, in which the blocks have radial outer and inner surfaces in a longitudinal section; in FIG. 2 - unit for attaching blocks to each other, view on arrow A of FIG. 1 ; in FIG. 3 is a section BB in FIG. 2; in FIG. 4, 5 - details of the unit for fastening the blocks to each other; in FIG. 6 - prefabricated lining in assembled form, in which the blocks have an I-profile; in FIG. 7 - unit for fastening blocks to each other, view along arrow B of FIG. 6; in FIG. 8 - the same, in an enlarged view; in FIG. 9 - detail of the unit for fastening the blocks to each other - a metal plate; in FIG. 10 - enlarged block with an I-profile; in FIG. 11 - assembled lining ring in assembled form, in which the blocks have radial outer and inner surfaces in their longitudinal section and are overlapped; in FIG. 12 is a side view of FIG. eleven; in FIG. 13, 14 - overlapping blocks with bolts embedded; in FIG. 15 is a top view with partial cuts in FIG. 13; in FIG. 16 is a section GG in FIG. fourteen; in FIG. 17 - 24 - blocks with various design features; in FIG. 25 is a plan view of FIG. 23; in FIG. 26 is a section DD in FIG. 17; in FIG. 27 is a cross-section EE in FIG. 18; in FIG. 28 is a section FJ in FIG. 19; in FIG. 29 is a section 3-3 in FIG. 20; in FIG. 30 is a section II in FIG. 21; in FIG. 31 is a section KK in FIG. 22; in FIG. 32 is a section LL in FIG. 25; in FIG. 33 is a cross-section MM in FIG. 24; in FIG. 34 is a left view in an arrow on the end transverse face of the block shown in FIG. 17; in FIG. 35 is the same in FIG. 18; in FIG. 36 is the same in FIG. 19; in FIG. 37 - the same in FIG. 20; in FIG. 38 is the same in FIG. 21; in FIG. 39 is the same in FIG. 22; in FIG. 40 is the same in FIG. 23; in FIG. 41 is the same in FIG. 24; in FIG. 42 - locking element; in FIG. 43 - the same with the superimposed supporting parts of the sliding block; in FIG. 44 is a bottom view of FIG. 43; in FIG. 45 shows the aspect ratio of block elements in which the ends on the side of the mounting cut-outs have inclined sections; in FIG. 46 shows reinforcement with increased bearing capacity.

 The prefabricated lining of the mine includes blocks 1 made using reinforced concrete, the nodes 2 for fastening the blocks 1 to each other and the locking elements 3. The blocks 1 have reinforcement 4 and openings 5 for pumping fastening solutions to the lining. Blocks 1, as a rule, are made entirely of reinforced concrete, but manufacturing options are possible when certain of their elements may contain concrete, reinforced concrete in accordance with the specific conditions of use of the lining. Armopolymer concrete used for the manufacture of blocks 1 has dispersed reinforcement made in the form of steel and / or synthetic fibers of various lengths. Dispersed reinforcement is 4 - 25% of the total weight of reinforced concrete. This percentage of dispersed reinforcement is the most optimal. When using only steel fibers, 50% of their total number have a length of 5 mm, 25% each - 10 and 15 mm. When using only synthetic fibers, 50% of their total number also have a length of 5 mm, 25% each - 7 and 10 mm. When using steel and synthetic fibers, together 25% of both have a length of 5 mm, 15% of steel fibers have a length of 10 and 15 mm and 10% of synthetic fibers have a length of 7 and 10 mm. Fibers with a diameter of 0.1 - 0.3 mm are used.

 Fibers can be pretreated with appropriate reagents, contributing to the ultimate adhesion of the surface of the fibers with polymer concrete.

 In the general case, fittings are installed in the mold according to the design calculation, then a dry mixture is prepared (fine filler, coarse filler and dispersed reinforcement, i.e., high-strength steel and / or synthetic fibers). All components are thoroughly mixed and stacked in a mold. At the same time, mastic is made from polymer materials. For this, the monomer is combined with a hardener and micro-filler additives. The dry mixture laid in the mold is impregnated under pressure with prepared mastic. They withstand the product depending on the composition with the corresponding polymerization (hardening) technology with the possible use of microwave currents as well. After a certain time, the product is removed from the mold in finished form for intended use. You can use other types of building materials, polymer concrete, satisfying the technical requirements of this invention, for example, when using concrete with plasticizing additives, mastic is prepared respectively from cement paste and plasticizing additives, which can also be interpreted as a type of polymer concrete material (synthesis of concrete with plasticizing polymer additives )

In order to improve the strength characteristics and reduce the cost of prefabricated lining, in addition to the traditionally used types of fillers, dispersed reinforced concrete is introduced into slurry reinforced concrete with slag, the fraction sizes of which do not exceed the size of the fractions of the largest filler and in the amount of 25-50% of the total volume of the largest filler. The use of slag pursues the solution of several problems:
- improving the environmental situation in areas with metallurgical production, as it allows the disposal of waste;
- cheaper production of prefabricated lining;
- improving the reliability of its operation in aggressive environments and earthquake-prone areas. Precast lining may contain blocks 1 of two types, fundamentally different from each other. The first type includes blocks 1 having radial external and internal surfaces in a longitudinal section located in a plane perpendicular to the central axis of the mine working (see Fig. 1, 11). The second type includes blocks 1 having an I-profile (see Fig. 6), in which the distance between the outer shelves 6 exceeds the same distance between the inner shelves 7.

 Blocks 1 of the first type to facilitate the construction of the lining can have at least two opposite ends of the mounting holes 8 for mounting studs (not shown), which allows you to close the lining ring (see figure 3?). The presence of holes allows you to pass through them the bolts, which are the attachment points in this case (not shown) and fix the adjacent blocks 1 to each other (see Fig. 21, 22, 30, 31, 38, 39). Blocks 1 of the first type for accommodating the nodes 2 for fastening the blocks 1 between themselves can have mounting cutouts 10 that are made from the inside at the corners of the blocks 1 to a depth equal to 1/3 - 2/3 of the thickness of block 1, i.e.

H - h = (1/3 - 2/3) H
In the mounting cutouts 10 of the blocks 1, reinforcing outlets 11 or mounting bolts 12 can be located for interaction with the attachment points of the blocks 1 between themselves. The lining may contain blocks 1, in which a groove-groove 13 is made on one of the transverse ends (see Figs. 24, 41) and on the other a ridge with an elastic waterproofing gasket 14. In another embodiment, the blocks 1 on one of the transverse ends have the protrusion 15, and on the other - a cavity with a gasket 16 from an elastic waterproofing cord (see Fig. 23, 25, 40).

 In other embodiments, one transverse end face of block 1 is convex (see Fig. 18, 35), and the mounting holes 8 in it have an elongated shape in a longitudinal direction parallel to a plane perpendicular to the central axis of the mine.

 The prefabricated lining of such blocks 1 assumes the presence of some of their mobility relative to each other in a plane perpendicular to the central axis of the mine. In cross section, the blocks 1 can have an elliptical shape (see Fig. 19, 28, 36). The reinforcement 4 of blocks 1 is generally represented by longitudinal and transverse elements. To increase the bearing capacity, the transverse elements can be made in the form of a spiral wound on the longitudinal elements 17 (see Fig. 46), which in this case are made in the form of rectangles oriented in the longitudinal section of block 1. The contact points of the longitudinal and transverse elements are welded .

 In certain cases, blocks 1 do not consist entirely of reinforced concrete reinforced concrete. It is possible that the blocks 1 on the outside have only a screen 18 made of reinforced concrete with dispersed reinforcement with a thickness equal to 1/2 - 1/3 of the thickness of the block, i.e. m = (1/2 - 1/3) H (see Fig. 20, 29, 37). In another case, blocks 1 also have a screen 18 on the outside of dispersed reinforced concrete reinforced concrete, and on the inside, sides and partitions 19 of concrete or reinforced concrete (see Figs. 21, 30, 38). Blocks 1 can be made in the form of box-shaped frames 20 from dispersed reinforced concrete reinforced concrete filled with reinforced concrete 21 and coated with a plastic film 22 from the outer and inner sides (see Figs. 22, 31). Blocks 1 can have longitudinal beads 23 formed due to the fact that the width of the base of the box exceeds its width along the end walls, i.e., a> b (see Figs. 17, 26, 34).

 The prefabricated lining may contain blocks 1 related to the first type, mounting cutouts 10, some of which are made symmetrically from the inside at their ends (see Fig. 14, 16), at the other part of blocks 1 - from opposite sides (see Fig. 13 , 15). Moreover, from the side of the mounting cut-outs 10 of the blocks 1 having these cut-outs 10 from opposite sides, the ends have inclined sections 24 (see Fig. 45). The height of each slice 24 is equal to 1/4 of the height of the end face of block 1, i.e., n = 1 / 4h. The depth of the mounting cut-out 10 for those and other blocks 1 is equal to not more than 1/2 the thickness of the block 1, i.e.

 H -h ≤ 1/2 H.

 A prefabricated lining of blocks 1 related to the second type involves the presence of chambers 25 of elastic material located between the outer shelves 6 of the blocks 1. Chambers 25 are equipped with check valves 26 installed in the openings of the blocks 1, which allows, for example, to pump air into the chambers 25 or bonding solutions. The chambers 25 are made in such a way that in the working position they form air voids 27 between their outer surface and the walls 28 of the mine working. Air voids 27 can be filled with fastening solutions due to the presence of channels 29 in the longitudinal ends of blocks 1. Chambers 25 are filled with air or fastening solutions after mounting the lining before filling air voids 27 with fastening solutions or after filling them with fastening solutions.

 The nodes 2 for fastening the blocks 1 to each other (see Figs. 2, 3, 5) can be made in the form of a metal plate 9 with four holes, which is superimposed on the reinforcing outlets 11 of four adjacent blocks 1. Under the reinforcing outlets 11 must first be located crosswise two metal strips 30 with threaded rods 31 passed through the reinforcing outlets 11 of diagonally adjacent blocks 1. The plate 9 is fixed with nuts 32 screwed onto the threaded rods 31 that are passed through the holes of the metal plate 9. In another variant, the metal plate 9 can be replaced by two metal plates 33, each of which has two holes (see Fig. 4) and is superimposed on the reinforcing outlets 11 of the blocks 1 adjacent in the longitudinal direction. This embodiment of the nodes 2 for fastening the blocks 1 to each other has greater mobility.

 In the case when mounting bolts 12 are located in the mounting cutouts 10 of the blocks 1 (see Figs. 10, 23, 24, 25), the metal plate 9 of the attachment unit 2 is superimposed on them so that the mounting bolts 12 of the four adjacent blocks 1 are missing through the holes of the plate 9. The bolts 12 are tightened with nuts.

 The attachment nodes 2 of the blocks 1 to each other can be made in the form of bolts 12, which are embedded in the blocks 1 in the area of the mounting cutouts 10, made on the inside of the blocks 1 (see Fig. 11, 15,16). Moreover, in the area of mounting cutouts made on the outside of the blocks 1, there are mating holes 34 through which the mentioned bolts 12 are passed and tightened with nuts.

 Each ring of the precast lining contains a locking element 3, which can be made in the form of a cage 35 with supporting parts 36 and 37 placed in its guide grooves, which form a sliding block (see Fig. 42). Between the supporting parts 36 and 37, a power mechanism 38 is installed, for example a hydraulic cylinder. The supporting parts 36 and 37 can be superimposed one on top of the other (see Figs. 43, 44). Depending on the shape of the transverse ends of the blocks 1, on the outer ends of the supporting parts 36 and 37 of the sliding block, a groove-groove 39 or a cavity with a gasket can be made on the same one as the gasket 16, and on the other, respectively, a ridge with an elastic waterproofing gasket 40 or projection 41.

 When performing lining, as shown in Fig. 11, the locking element can be made in the form of a block 42 with mounting cutouts located at its ends symmetrically from its outer side. In the area of the mounting cutouts of such block 42, holes for bolts 12 are made, embedded in blocks 1 (see Fig. 15).

 When lining from blocks 1 having an I-profile, the tray unit 43 acts as a locking element (see Fig. 6). When using this lining in the trunks, instead of the chute block 43, ordinary blocks 1 with an I-profile are installed, the last of which will be the locking element.

 When mounting a prefabricated lining of the blocks 1 shown in FIGS. 20, 21, 22, the block 1 last installed in the ring acts as a locking element.

 When using a sliding block as a locking element 3 (see Figs. 42, 43, 44), after mounting the lining to extract the power mechanisms 38, the gaps between the supporting parts 36, 37 are gradually phased by hardening compounds (polymer concrete) using inventory formwork, which it is mounted on specially provided pins (not shown) in the body of the supporting parts 36, 37. The nodes 2 for fastening the blocks 1 to each other, installed in the mounting cutouts 10, are also monolithic with hardening compounds (polymer concrete) using Inventory formwork, which is installed on specially provided pins 44 in the body of blocks 1 (see Fig. 17). Then, the bonding solutions are injected behind the lining, after which the holes 5 are closed with plugs (not shown).

 Prefabricated lining works like a structure in a compressible environment.

 The use of the invention allows to increase the durability of the lining when it is used in aggressive environments, as well as in earthquake-prone areas.

Sources of information
USSR copyright certificate N 1252499, cl. E 21 D 11/10, Bull. N 31, 1986.

 USSR copyright certificate N 1046524, cl. E 21 D 11/08, Bull. N 37, 1983.

Claims (28)

 1. The prefabricated lining of the mine, including blocks made using reinforced concrete, having reinforcement and holes for injecting fastening solutions for the lining, the nodes of the blocks attached to each other and the locking elements, characterized in that in the form of steel and / or synthetic fibers of different lengths, dispersed reinforcement is 4 - 25% of the total weight of reinforced concrete.  2. Prefabricated lining according to claim 1, characterized in that when using only steel fibers, 50% of their total number have a length of 5 mm, 25% each - 10 mm and 15 mm, when using only synthetic fibers, 50% of their total number also have 5 mm long, 25% - 7 mm and 10 mm each, when using steel and synthetic fibers, together 25% of both have a length of 5 mm, 15% of steel fibers each have a length of 10 mm and 15 mm and 10% synthetic fibers have a length of 7 mm and 10 mm.  3. The precast lining according to claim 1, characterized in that metallurgical production waste is additionally introduced into the reinforced concrete with dispersed reinforcement.  4. Prefabricated lining according to claim 1, characterized in that the locking element is made in the form of a cage with grooves located in its guide grooves with the possibility of sliding under the action of the power mechanism by the supporting parts of the sliding block.  5. The prefabricated lining according to claim 1, characterized in that the locking element is made in the form of a block with mounting cutouts located symmetrically at its ends from its outer side, while holes for bolts embedded in the blocks are made in the area of the mounting cutouts.  6. Prefabricated lining according to claim 3, characterized in that slag with fraction sizes not exceeding the fraction size of the largest filler of armored polymer concrete with disperse reinforcement is used as metallurgical waste.  7. Prefabricated lining according to any one of claims 1 to 3, 5 and 6, characterized in that the blocks have radial external and internal surfaces in a longitudinal section located in a plane perpendicular to the central axis of the mine.  8. Prefabricated lining according to any one of claims 1 to 3 and 6, characterized in that the blocks have an I-profile in which the distance between the outer shelves exceeds the same distance between the inner shelves, while chambers made of elastic material are located between the outer shelves with the possibility of formation air voids between the outer surface of the chambers and the walls of the mine, and the chambers are made with the possibility of forcing air or fastening solutions into them after mounting the lining before filling the air voids solvents or after filling them with bonding solutions.  9. Prefabricated lining according to any one of claims 1 to 3, 6 and 7, characterized in that at least two opposite ends of the blocks have mounting holes for accommodating the mounting studs.  10. Prefabricated lining according to any one of claims 1 to 3 and 6 to 9, characterized in that the blocks have mounting cut-outs for accommodating the attachment points of the blocks together.  11. Prefabricated lining according to claim 4, characterized in that the supporting parts of the sliding block are superimposed on one another.  12. Prefabricated lining according to claim 4 or 11, characterized in that on the outer ends of the supporting parts of the sliding block there is a groove-groove or a hollow on one of them and a ridge with an elastic waterproofing gasket or protrusion, respectively.  13. Prefabricated lining according to claim 10, characterized in that the mounting cutouts are made from the inside at the corners of the blocks to a depth equal to 2/3 of the thickness of the block.  14. The prefabricated lining of claim 10, characterized in that the reinforcement outlets are arranged in the assembly cutouts of the blocks for interaction with the attachment points of the blocks to each other.  15. The prefabricated lining of claim 10, characterized in that the mounting cutouts at the part of the blocks are made symmetrically from the inside at their ends, at the other part of the blocks at the opposite sides and from the side of the mounting cutouts, the ends of these blocks have inclined sections, the height of each of which is equal to 1/4 of the height of the end face of the block, and the depth of the mounting cut-out for both is equal to no more than 1/2 of the thickness of the block.  16. The prefabricated lining of claim 10, characterized in that the mounting cutouts are made at the corners of the blocks on the inside with a depth equal to 1/3 of the thickness of the block and are equipped with mounting bolts, a groove-groove is made on one of the transverse ends of the block, and on the other - comb with elastic waterproofing gasket.  17. The prefabricated lining of claim 10, characterized in that the blocks have a protrusion on one of the transverse ends and a cavity on the other, while mounting cutouts are made at the corners of the blocks from the inside with a depth equal to 1/3 of the thickness of the block, and are equipped mounting bolts, and on the transverse end with a hollow a gasket of an elastic waterproofing cord is installed.  18. Precast lining according to any one of claims 1 to 3, 6, 7, 9, 10, 13 and 14, characterized in that one transverse end of the block is convex, and the mounting holes in it have an elongated shape in the longitudinal direction parallel to the plane perpendicular to the central axis of the mine.  19. The prefabricated lining according to 14, characterized in that the attachment units of the blocks are made in the form of a metal plate with four holes superimposed on the reinforcing outlets of four adjacent blocks, and two metal strips crosswise located under the reinforcing protrusions with threaded rods passing through reinforcing outlets of diagonally adjacent blocks and holes of a metal plate, the latter being fixed with nuts screwed onto threaded rods.  20. The prefabricated lining according to 14, characterized in that the attachment units of the blocks are made in the form of two metal strips that are crosswise arranged under the reinforcing outlets with threaded rods passing through the reinforcing outlets of diagonally adjacent blocks and holes of metal plates superimposed on the reinforcing outlets blocks adjacent in the longitudinal direction, the plates being fixed with nuts screwed onto threaded rods.  21. The prefabricated lining according to 14, characterized in that the attachment units of the blocks are made in the form of mounting bolts embedded in the blocks in the area of the mounting cutouts made on the inside of the blocks and the counter holes in the area of the mounting cutouts made on the outside blocks through which the aforementioned bolts are passed and tightened with nuts.  22. The prefabricated lining according to claim 14, characterized in that the fastening units of the blocks between themselves are made in the form of a metal plate with four holes in which mounting bolts located in the mounting cutouts of four adjacent blocks are passed and tightened with nuts.  23. Prefabricated lining according to any one of claims 1 to 3, 6, 7, 9, 10, 13 and 14, characterized in that the blocks in cross section are ellipsoidal in shape.  24. Prefabricated lining according to any one of claims 1 to 3, 6, 7, 9, 10, 13 and 14, characterized in that in the blocks of armored polymer with dispersed reinforcement box-shaped frames are made, which are filled with reinforced concrete and coated on the outside and inside polymer film.  25. Precast lining according to any one of claims 1 to 3, 6, 7, 9, 10, 13 and 14, characterized in that in the blocks of armored polymer with dispersed reinforcement box-shaped frames are made, each of which is a box with a base and end walls, while the box is filled with reinforced concrete, and the width of the base exceeds the width of the box along its end walls to form longitudinal beads.  26. Precast lining according to any one of claims 1 to 3, 6, 7, 9, 10, 13 to 18 and 23, characterized in that the reinforcement of the blocks is represented by longitudinal and transverse elements, while the transverse elements are made in the form of a spiral.  27. Prefabricated lining according to any one of claims 1 to 3, 6, 7, 9, 10, 13 - 18 and 23, characterized in that the blocks on the outside have a screen, and on the inside there are sides and partitions.  28. Precast lining according to item 27, wherein the screen has a thickness equal to 1/2 - 1/3 of the thickness of the block, and is made of armored polymer with dispersed reinforcement, and the sides and partitions are made of concrete or reinforced concrete.

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