RU2473741C2 - Method to reinforce soil and device for its realisation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: method to reinforce soil, including formation of a well, installation of a flexible thin-walled shell in it, supply of a sealing substance into a gap between walls of the well and the shell, and development of a reinforcing action at the sealing substance, differing by the fact that for development of the reinforcing action, the thin-walled shell in the cross section is deformed into an oval shape, an additional gap is created along the small axis of the oval between walls of the well and the shell, the additional portion of the sealing substance is supplied into this gap, and the deformation wave is moved in the circumferential direction.

EFFECT: higher efficiency of soil reinforcing due to simultaneous reinforcement of soil and supply of a sealing substance.

13 cl, 19 dwg

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to construction, to methods for strengthening soils under foundations, as well as to methods for forming piles.

State of the art

A known method of strengthening the soil, including the formation of a well, loosening the soil of the walls of this well and creating a reinforcing effect on this soil with pulsating pushers (see copyright certificate for the invention of the USSR No. 708010, 30.09.77, class E02D 3/046).

In this method, a reinforcing effect is created only on the soil, which is loosened from the walls of the well. After tamping this soil, a certain degree of strengthening is obtained, which can no longer be increased. Therefore, this method does not allow to obtain the required degree of soil strengthening under the foundations for modern construction.

The closest technical solution known to the present invention is a method of strengthening the soil, including forming a well, placing a flexible thin-walled shell in it, supplying a sealing substance to the gap between the walls of the well and the shell and creating a strengthening effect on the sealing substance (see patent for the invention of the Russian Federation No. 2407858 IPC E02D 3/12, 01/10/2008).

According to this method, the casing is stretched, and for a reinforcing effect on the sealing substance, the pressure of the hydraulic medium is created inside the casing, which expands in the shape of a circle and strengthens the soil. Then, pressure relief is performed, a sealing substance is additionally fed into the resulting gap, and the cycle of pressure generation, pressure relief and feeding of the sealing substance is repeated.

The working cycle of the method under consideration is determined by the sum of the time of successive operations of expansion and contraction of a stretched sealed shell and supply of a sealing substance, which reduces the productivity of soil consolidation.

Summary of the invention

The task of the invention is to increase the productivity of soil strengthening.

This problem is solved by the fact that in the method of strengthening the soil, including the formation of a well, placing a flexible thin-walled shell inside it, supplying a sealing substance to the gap between the walls of the well and the shell and creating a reinforcing effect on the sealing substance, in order to create a strengthening effect, a flexible thin-walled shell in cross section they are deformed into an oval shape, an additional clearance is created along the small axis of the oval between the walls of the well and the shell, an additional portion of the sealing substance is fed into this gap and ne emeschayut wave in the circumferential direction of the deformation.

Due to the fact that the flexible thin-walled shell in the cross section is deformed into an oval shape and the deformation wave is moved in the circumferential direction, the sealing substance and soil are strengthened along the major axis of the shell, and an additional supply of sealing material occurs along the small axis of the oval at the same time . It is due to the simultaneous strengthening and supply of the sealing substance that the working cycle time is reduced and the productivity of soil consolidation is increased.

A flexible thin-walled shell can be made in the form of a flexible thin-walled pipe with an open lower end.

It is advisable to deform the flexible thin-walled pipe in cross section into the shape of a two-vertex oval.

A flexible thin-walled pipe can be deformed in cross section into the shape of a three-vertex oval.

The sizes of the largest particles of the sealing substance can be determined by the dependence:

S = (0.4 ... 1.5) Δr,

where S is the size of the largest particles of the sealing substance, Δr is the radial deformation of the wall of the flexible thin-walled pipe.

After the soil is strengthened in the wellbore at the lower horizon, the deformation zone of the thin-walled pipe can be raised to a new upper horizon, where soil strengthening can also be performed.

Simultaneously with the creation of a reinforcing effect in the circumferential direction, the pipe deformation zone can be raised along its axis.

A device is known for strengthening the soil, containing a mechanism installed in the well for creating radial pressure on the walls of the well (see copyright certificate for the invention of the USSR No. 708010, 09.30.77 class. E02D 3/046).

In this device, the mechanism for creating radial pressure is made in the form of pulsating pushers. Pushers are passed through guide bushings and elastic seals located in the case windows. The reinforced soil can penetrate through the elastic seals and wear guide bushings and pushers, which reduces the durability of the device in question.

The closest technical solution known to the present invention is a device for strengthening the soil, containing a flexible thin-walled shell installed in the well with a gap, a sealing substance placed in the gap between the walls of the well and the shell, and a mechanism for creating radial pressure on the inner surface of the shell (see Patent for the invention of the Russian Federation No. 2407858 IPC E02D 3/12, 01/10/2008).

The shell in this device is stretched, and the soil is strengthened by the expansion and contraction of the shell, which has a circle in cross section. After compression of the shell, a sealing substance is additionally fed into the resulting gap.

The working cycle of the device in question is determined by the sum of the time of successive operations of expansion and contraction of the stretched hermetic shell and supply of the sealing substance, which reduces the productivity of soil strengthening.

The task of the invention is to increase the productivity of soil strengthening.

This problem is solved in that in the device for strengthening the soil containing a flexible thin-walled shell installed in the well with a gap, a sealing substance placed in the gap between the walls of the well and the shell, and a mechanism for creating radial pressure on the inner surface of the shell, a mechanism for creating a radial pressure on the inner surface of the shell is made in the form of a wave-former, which deformed the shell into an oval shape and formed an additional axis along the small axis of the oval between the walls of the borehole and the shell minutes, with a gap being hit by an extra portion of the sealing material.

During the operation of the device, the wave former moves the deformation wave of the flexible thin-walled shell in the circumferential direction. The sealing substance and soil are strengthened along the major axis of the oval of this shell, and additional supply of the sealing agent occurs at the same time along the minor axis of the oval. It is due to the simultaneous strengthening and supply of the sealing substance that the working cycle time is reduced and the productivity of soil consolidation is increased.

A flexible thin-walled shell can be made in the form of a flexible thin-walled pipe with an open lower end.

The wave former can be made in the form of a carrier with rollers in contact with the inner surface of a flexible thin-walled pipe.

The wave former can be made in the form of an eccentric shaft and mounted on its eccentrics by means of disk bearings in contact with the inner surface of a flexible thin-walled pipe.

The wave former can be made in the form of a cam and a flexible bearing mounted on it, the outer ring of which is in contact with the inner surface of the flexible thin-walled pipe.

It is advisable to equip the parts in contact with the inner surface of the flexible thin-walled pipe with inlet chamfers.

Brief Description of the Drawings

The figure 1 shows a longitudinal section of a well with a flexible thin-walled shell and a sealing substance in the gap between the walls of the well and the shell;

figure 2 shows a section aa in figure 1;

figure 3 shows a longitudinal section of a well with a deformed flexible thin-walled shell;

figure 4 shows a variant of deformation of a flexible thin-walled shell in the form of a two-peaked oval (section BB in figure 3);

in figures 5 and 6 shows the process of moving a deformation wave of a flexible thin-walled shell in the circumferential direction;

figure 7 shows a longitudinal section of a well with a deformed flexible thin-walled pipe;

figure 8 shows a variant of deformation of a flexible thin-walled pipe in the form of a three-vertex oval;

figure 9 shows the process of strengthening the soil at different horizons;

the figure 10 shows the process of strengthening the soil in the circumferential direction while lifting the zone of deformation of the pipe along its axis;

figure 11 shows a device for implementing the method of strengthening the soil;

figure 12 shows a section bb in figure 11;

in figures 13 and 14 shows a diagram of a roller wave former;

in figures 15 and 16 shows a diagram of a disk wave former;

in figures 17 and 18 shows a diagram of a cam wave former;

the figure 19 shows a variant of the layout of the roller wave former.

The implementation of the invention

The method of soil strengthening includes the formation of a well 1 (see FIGS. 1 and 2), placement of a flexible thin-walled shell 2 with an initial radius r in it, the supply of a sealing substance 3 into the gap between the walls of the well 1 and shell 2 in the direction of arrows 4, and creating the sealing substance 3 of the reinforcing action 5 (see figure 3) in the direction of the two arrows of this effect. In this case, a flexible thin-walled shell in cross section is deformed into the shape of a two-vertex oval 6 (see Fig. 4) and the deformation wave is moved in the circumferential direction along arrows 7.

At the moment of deformation of the shell into the shape of a two-vertex oval 6, its size in the radial direction along the major axis of the oval, that is, along the line of reinforcing action 5, increases by the amount of radial deformation Δr, and along the small axis of the oval decreases by Δr _m .

An increase in the shell size along the major axis by Δr leads to the strengthening of the compacting substance, pressing it into the well machines and the formation of two zones 8-9 of the primary strengthening, including the primary layer of the compacting substance 8 and the layer of partially reinforced soil 9.

Reducing the size of the shell along the small axis by Δr _m leads to the formation of two zones 10 of the discharge, which absorb an additional portion of the sealing substance.

The movement of the deformation wave in the circumferential direction along arrows 7 expands the zones of primary strengthening, for example, when the major axis of oval 6 is rotated 90 ° (see Fig. 5), zones 8-9 of the primary strengthening also increased by 90 °, in addition, new zones 11 vacuum, which constantly absorb additional portions of the sealing substance. When you turn the major axis of the oval through 180 ° (see Fig.6), the formation of zones 8-9 of the primary strengthening is completed, in addition, new rarefaction zones 12 are formed, which continue to absorb new portions of the sealing substance 13.

Further movement of the deformation wave in the circumferential direction leads to the strengthening of new portions of the sealing substance 13 and the appearance of the zone of the second strengthening, then the zone of the third strengthening and so on. This increases both the thickness of the layer of compacting substance and the thickness of the layer of reinforced soil. The absolute pressure in the reinforced soil layer also increases. Thus, the degree of soil strengthening increases.

The process of moving the deformation wave is completed when the necessary degree of soil strengthening is achieved.

Due to the fact that the flexible thin-walled shell in cross section is deformed into the shape of oval 6 (see Fig. 4) and the deformation wave is moved in the circumferential direction along arrows 7, the sealing substance and soil are strengthened along the major axis of the oval of this shell. On the minor axis of oval 6, at the same time, the formation of discharge zones 10 (FIG. 4), 11 (FIG. 5) and 12 (FIG. 6) occurs, which suck in new portions of the sealing substance 13, that is, provide an additional supply of this substance. It is due to the simultaneous strengthening of the soil and the supply of the sealing substance that the working cycle time is reduced and the productivity of soil strengthening is increased.

When the shell 2 (see Fig. 3) is sealed with the wall 14, the components of the soil and the sealing substance cannot enter the inner cavity of the shell 2, which positively affects the operation of the mechanism of formation and movement of the deformation wave of the shell 2. However, deform the shell 2 and strengthen the soil can be at some distance from the wall 14.

The flexible thin-walled shell can be made in the form of a flexible thin-walled pipe 15 (see Fig. 7) with an open lower end. The reinforcement zone 8-9 of the sealing substance and soil in this case can be obtained at the very bottom of the well 1.

The flexible thin-walled pipe can be deformed in cross section into the shape of a three-vertex oval 16 (see Fig. 8) by creating a reinforcing action 17 on the sealing substance 3 in the direction of the three arrows of this effect, and the deformation wave of the three-vertex oval 16 can be moved in the direction of the arrows 18.

Increasing the size of the shell along the major axis by Δr ₃ leads to the strengthening of the sealing substance, pressing it into the walls of the well and the formation of three zones 8-9 of the primary strengthening, including the primary layer of the sealing substance 8 and the layer of partially strengthened soil 9.

Reducing the size of the shell along the small axis leads to the formation of three zones 10 of the discharge, which absorb an additional portion of the sealing substance.

As the sealing substance 3 (see figure 3) can be used: sand, gravel, gravel, pebbles and mixtures thereof.

The sizes of the largest particles of the sealing substance 3 can be determined by the dependence:

S = (0.4 ... 1.5) Δr,

where S is the size of the largest particles of the mixture, Δr is the radial deformation of the wall of a flexible thin-walled pipe.

To create a thick layer of reinforced soil, after being strengthened in the wellbore 1 at the lower horizon A (see Fig. 9), the deformation zone of the thin-walled pipe 15 from the reinforcing action 5 is raised to the new upper horizon B, where the soil is also strengthened by moving the deformation wave in the circumferential direction along arrows 7.

An option to create a thick layer of reinforced soil is to simultaneously create a reinforcing effect 5 (see Fig. 10) in the circumferential direction along arrows 7 and raise the deformation zone of the pipe 15 along its axis along arrow 19.

The device for strengthening the soil contains a flexible thin-walled shell 2 installed in the well 1 (see FIGS. 11 and 12) with a gap, a sealing substance 3 placed in the gap between the walls of the borehole 1 and the shell 2, and a wave former 20 that deformed the shell into a two-vertex shape oval 6. The wave former 20 is connected to the shaft 21, withdrawn from the well 1 to the surface of the soil to be strengthened.

The device operates as follows. The rotation of the shaft 21 with the speed ω leads to the movement of the deformation wave at this speed ω, that is, the movement of the two-vertex oval 6 in the circumferential direction along arrow 22, while the sheath 2 itself is inhibited due to contact with the sealing substance 3 and does not rotate with the speed ω. The movement of the deformation wave in the circumferential direction leads to the formation on the major axis of the wave former 20 of the primary strengthening zone 8-9 (see Figs. 5 and 6) and further expansion of this zone. In addition, along the small axis of the wave-forming agent 20 (see FIG. 12), rarefaction zones 11 and 12 (see FIGS. 5 and 6) are formed, which constantly absorb additional portions of the sealing substance 13.

It is due to the simultaneous strengthening of the soil along the major axis of the wave former 20 and the supply of the sealing substance along its minor axis, the working cycle time is reduced and the productivity of soil consolidation is increased.

The flexible thin-walled shell can be made in the form of a flexible thin-walled pipe 15 (see Fig. 13, 15, 17) with an open lower end.

The wave-forming can be performed in the form of a carrier 23 connected to the shaft 21 (see Figs. 13 and 14) with rollers 25 mounted on bearings 24 and in contact with the inner surface of the flexible thin-walled pipe 15.

The wave former can be made in the form of an eccentric shaft 26 connected to the shaft 21 (see FIGS. 15 and 16) and mounted on its eccentrics by means of bearings 27 of the disks 28 in contact with the inner surface of the flexible thin-walled pipe 15.

The rollers 25 (see Fig. 14) or disks 28 (see Fig. 16) deform the flexible thin-walled pipe into an oval shape 6, and during operation run around the inner surface of the pipe, move the deformation wave in the circumferential direction and strengthen the soil.

The wave former can be made in the form of a cam 29 connected to the shaft 21 (see FIGS. 17 and 18) and a flexible bearing 30 mounted on it, the outer ring of which contacts the inner surface of the flexible thin-walled pipe, deforms it into an oval 6 shape.

A design variant of the wave former may include rollers 31 and 32, the outer diameter of which is more than half the inner surface of the flexible thin-walled pipe. The rollers 31 and 32 are mounted on slide bearings 33 and 34, respectively, in the carrier 35, connected to the shaft 36.

It is advisable to provide the rollers 31 and 32 in contact with the inner surface of the flexible thin-walled pipe with inlet chamfers 37 and 38.

Claims (13)

1. The method of strengthening the soil, including the formation of a well, placing a flexible thin-walled shell inside it, supplying a sealing substance to the gap between the walls of the well and the shell and creating a reinforcing effect on the sealing substance, characterized in that the flexible thin-walled shell is transformed in cross section to create a strengthening effect into the oval shape, create an additional clearance along the small axis of the oval between the walls of the well and the shell, add an additional portion of the sealing substance to this gap and move wave in the circumferential direction of the deformation. 2. The method of strengthening the soil according to claim 1, characterized in that the flexible thin-walled shell is made in the form of a flexible thin-walled pipe with an open lower end. 3. The method of strengthening the soil according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the flexible thin-walled shell is deformed in cross section into the shape of a two-peaked oval. 4. The method of strengthening the soil according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the flexible thin-walled shell is deformed in cross section into the shape of a three-vertex oval. 5. The method of strengthening the soil according to claim 3, characterized in that the sizes of the largest particles of the sealing substance are determined by the dependence:
S = (0.4 ... 1.5) Δr,
where S is the size of the largest particles of the sealing substance, Δr is the radial deformation of the wall of a flexible thin-walled pipe. 6. The method of strengthening the soil according to claim 2, characterized in that after the soil is strengthened in the wellbore at the lower horizon, the deformation zone of the thin-walled pipe is raised to a new upper horizon, where soil strengthening is also performed. 7. The method of strengthening the soil according to claim 2, characterized in that at the same time as creating a reinforcing effect in the circumferential direction, the pipe deformation zone is raised along its axis. 8. A device for strengthening the soil, containing a flexible thin-walled shell installed in the well with a gap, a sealing substance placed in the gap between the walls of the well and the shell, and a mechanism for creating radial pressure on the inner surface of the shell, characterized in that the mechanism for creating radial pressure on the inner surface of the shell is made in the form of a wave-former, which deformed the shell into an oval shape and formed an additional gap along the small axis of the oval between the walls of the borehole and the shell p with the possibility of getting into it an additional portion of the sealing substance. 9. The device for strengthening the soil according to claim 8, characterized in that the flexible thin-walled shell is made in the form of a flexible thin-walled pipe with an open lower end. 10. The device for strengthening the soil according to claim 9, characterized in that the wave-former is made in the form of a carrier with rollers in contact with the inner surface of a flexible thin-walled pipe. 11. The device for strengthening the soil according to claim 9, characterized in that the wave former is made in the form of an eccentric shaft and mounted on its eccentrics by means of disk bearings in contact with the inner surface of a flexible thin-walled pipe. 12. The device for strengthening the soil according to claim 9, characterized in that the wave-former is made in the form of a cam and a flexible bearing mounted on it, the outer ring of which is in contact with the inner surface of the flexible thin-walled pipe. 13. The device for strengthening the soil according to claim 8, characterized in that the parts in contact with the inner surface of the flexible thin-walled pipe are provided with entry chamfers.

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