RU2473506C1 - Charge for manufacturing ceramic tiles - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to production of construction materials and can be used in technology of manufacturing ceramic products, preliminarily ceramic tiles for floor. Charge for manufacturing ceramic tiles includes fireproof clay, kaolin, feldspar, quartz sand, talc magnesite and enriched quartz-feldspar mixture, with the following ratio of charge components, wt %: fireproof clay - 33.0-34.5; kaolin - 0.5-5.0; feldspar - 25.0-33.0; quartz sand - 9.0-11.0; talc-magnesite - 0.5-1.0; enriched quartz-feldspar mixture - 20.0-30.0.

EFFECT: increased strength and reduction of product wearability.

2 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the production of building materials and can be used in the manufacture of ceramic products, mainly ceramic floor tiles.

Known mixture for the manufacture of ceramic tiles (I. I. Moroz. Technology of building ceramics - Kiev: The head publishing house of the association "Vishka Shkola", 1980. - P. 272) [1], containing, wt.%: Clay hours-yarskaya - 93, 0; quartz sand - 3.5; feldspar - 3.5. The tile obtained from the known charge is characterized by relatively high water absorption (not more than 4%) and requires the use of expensive scarce high-grade hours-yarsk clay.

Known mixture for producing ceramic tiles for the floor (Applied Ceramic Technology. Sacmi. Printed Septemba. 2002/1 by Tipografia Moderna of Ravenna for Editrice La Mandragora of Imola, p.324, 330) [2], including, wt.%: Plastic clay 12 - 18, kaolin 27 - 32, feldspar 42 - 48, quartz 5-10, talc 0-3. Ceramic tiles made from a well-known mixture are characterized by a high degree of whiteness, but relatively high water absorption - not more than 5% and low bending strength - 20 MPa. In addition, this composition requires the use of significant quantities of expensive feldspar of the Turkish field.

The objective of the present invention is to reduce the cost of obtaining ceramic tiles with high mechanical and aesthetic qualities.

The problem is solved in that the claimed mixture for the manufacture of ceramic tiles includes refractory clay, kaolin, feldspar, quartz sand, talc magnesite, and additionally contains enriched quartz-feldspar mixture, in the following ratio of the components of the mixture, wt.%:

fire-clay 33.0-34.5 kaolin 0.5-5.0 feldspar 25.0-33.0 quartz sand 9.0-11.0 talc magnesia 0.5-1.0 enriched quartz-feldspar mixture 20.0-30.0

Quartz-feldspar mixture, the chemical composition of which includes: 75.2-78.4% SiO ₂ , 11.67-12.90% Al ₂ O ₃ , 0.09-0.13% MgO, 7.1-8 , 3% Na ₂ O + K ₂ O, 0.16-0.30% Fe ₂ O ₃ , 0.05-0.07% TiO ₂ , including 33-34% free quartz, obtained from cheap local raw materials - Waste dressing of quartz-feldspar ore. These wastes are enriched in mica and iron, while enrichment in mica eliminates the presence of scaly layers of mica, provides a denser packing of the particles of the mixture during tile pressing, which improves sintering, and enrichment in iron reduces the concentration of Fe ₂ O ₃ , which leads to ceramic whitening tiles up to 60-70% and improves its aesthetic properties. The relatively low content of free quartz in the waste eliminates the need for additional enrichment in quartz, which positively affects the cost of the product. The presence of Na ₂ O in the composition of the enriched quartz-feldspar mixture provides finer grinding of the ceramic mixture, eliminates the deformation of the resulting tile and improves its sintering. The ratio of the main structure-forming components in the chemical composition of the enriched quartz-feldspar mixture allows to obtain a dense, durable tile structure. The inclusion of this mixture in the composition of the inventive charge allows to reduce the content of feldspar and thus reduce the cost of obtaining high-quality ceramic tiles.

When the content of feldspar and enriched quartz-feldspar mixture in the inventive charge below 25.0 wt.% And 20.0 wt.%, Respectively, these components do not have the proper sintering effect. If the content of feldspar and this quartz-feldspar mixture is higher than 33.0 wt.% And 30.0 wt.%, Respectively, then deformation of the resulting tile is observed. Talc magnesite also improves the sintering of products. The content of this component is determined experimentally, while it was found that exceeding the upper limit leads to deformation of the tile.

The technical result of the present invention is to obtain ceramic tiles, characterized by reduced water absorption, abrasion, as well as increased bending strength.

The invention is illustrated by the following examples.

Table 1 shows the compositions of the initial charge, and in examples 4 and 5 presents the transcendental relative to the proposed solution compositions. Table 2 contains the quality indicators of ceramic tiles with dimensions of 300 × 300 mm, obtained from a charge of the claimed composition, as well as from charges of transcendent compositions and prototype [2].

The components of the feedstock were Latnensky clay grade LT-2, kaolin Kyshtymsky grade KAH-2, feldspar Vishnevogorsk grade PSSh 0.30-21, quartz sand Ulyanovsky, talc magnesite Miass, as well as enriched quartz-feldspar mixture obtained from enrichment waste from quartz-feldspar ores of OJSC Malyshevskoye Ore Mining.

The raw materials were dosed in a predetermined ratio, subjected to joint wet grinding in ball mills for 24 hours, granulated to 2% of the residue on a 0063 mesh. After that, the ceramic slip was applied to a tower spray dryer, whereby a ceramic press powder was obtained, it was homogenized, the resulting mixture was fed to the press loading carriage, the tile was pressed at a pressure of 400 kg / cm, and then calcined in a roller furnace for 45 min at a temperature of 1200 ° C.

From the data presented in tables 1 and 2, it follows that in the manufacture of ceramic tiles from the claimed mixture (examples 1-3), the most important quality indicators - low water absorption and abrasion, high bending strength - satisfy and even exceed the requirements of current standards for data products. In addition, in comparison with the prototype, the bending strength of ceramic tiles from the inventive mixture is higher by 2-2.5 times, and water absorption is lower by 2-2.5 times. When going beyond the declared limits (compositions 4 and 5), the mechanical and aesthetic qualities of the resulting tile deteriorate. Such products have increased water absorption, which leads to a decrease in bending strength and frost resistance due to the destructive action of water when it expands at low temperatures, as well as to an increase in the contamination (markability) of the surface.

Thus, the claimed invention allows to obtain ceramic tiles that are competitive in quality and cost, and also to solve the problem of utilizing waste from the processing of quartz-feldspar ore.

Table 1 Components, Batch Clay, wt.% Feldspar, wt.% Koalin, wt.% Quartz sand, wt.% Enriched quartz-feldspar mixture, wt.% Talc magnesite, wt.% one. 34.5 33 0.5 eleven twenty one 2. 32,5 25 5 7 thirty 0.5 3. 33 29th 2,5 9 25.8 0.7 four. 36.9 32 one eleven eighteen 1,1 5. 28.6 27 7 6 31 0.4

table 2 Example Water absorption,% Bending Strength, MPa Abrasion, g / cm ² Surface curvature, mm Firing temperature, ° С Firing time, min Prototype 0.5 twenty 0.1 - 1200 45 one. 0.20 52 0.08 0.9 1200 45 2. 0.18 53 0.09 0.8 1200 45 3. 0.17 54 0,07 0.9 1200 45 four. 0.55 47 0.15 1,5 1200 45 5. 0.58 45 0.20 0.8 1200 45

Claims (1)

The mixture for the manufacture of ceramic tiles, including refractory clay, kaolin, feldspar, quartz sand, talc magnesite, characterized in that it additionally contains enriched quartz-feldspar mixture in the following ratio of the components of the mixture, wt.%:
fire-clay 33.0-34.5 kaolin 0.5-5.0 feldspar 25.0-33.0 quartz sand 9.0-11.0 talc magnesia 0.5-1.0 enriched quartz-feldspar mixture 20.0-30.0