RU2472098C1 - Staroverov's splinter projectile (versions) and device to this end (versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons and ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: proposed projectile comprises explosive charge and splinter-forming jacket. Said projectile is secured in bearings on shaft and has inclined airfoils and/or motor, and/or engaging ledges, or gears, to revolve said projectile about longitudinal axis. In compliance with another version, projectile is arranged in evacuated chamber and connected with motor, or makes its rotor. Proposed device comprises lengthwise or catapult guides. It comprises rotary motor with yoke on output shaft on rocket rotary section. Said rotary motor is secured on trigger mechanism, lever or parallelogram mechanism, or in guides. In compliance with another version, device incorporates moving rotary motor with spur or taper gear. In compliance with another version, has compressor driven by motor. In compliance with another version, device has one or several solid-propellant rocket engines with one or several jet nozzles. In compliance with another version, device has magnetic core with three or more windings to make three-phase motor stator. Note here that splinter-forming jacket makes motor rotor. In another version, device has spring-loaded contacts.

EFFECT: increased initial velocity of splinters.

15 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to aviation ammunition, including Air-to-Air missiles and to bombs, as well as to ground-based missiles: to anti-aircraft and to multiple launch rocket systems.

Known high-explosive fragmentation ammunition, consisting of a charge of explosive (hereinafter BB) and a fragmentation shirt or ready-to-use striking elements, see US Pat. Russia №2098743. Their disadvantage is the insufficiently high rate of fragments. The objective of the invention is to increase the initial velocity of the fragments and increase the high-explosive action of ammunition with the same mass.

The essence of the invention is that the ammunition, which, as a rule, has a cylindrical or close to cylindrical shape, under the influence of an incoming air stream or under the influence of an electrometer is untwisted around its axis of symmetry to the maximum allowable speed (angular velocity / for reasons of strength), after which it is released is fired or dropped on target.

As a result of rotation, the fragmentation-forming shirt acquires a significant peripheral speed, which during the explosion vectorizes at the speed obtained by the fragments from the gas-dynamic action of the explosive.

In this case, the speed of the fragments can be increased by 1.4-1.5 times, and the energy of the fragments, respectively, will increase by about 2 times.

Not only the fragmentation effect of the ammunition increases. Since explosives also acquire kinetic energy of rotational motion, this energy is released in the form of a higher velocity of propagation of the shock wave and greater pressure at the front of the shock wave. That is, in the form of a larger brisant and high-explosive action of ammunition.

Such ammunition contains an explosive charge and a durable fragmentation jacket, mounted on bearings on a shaft relative to a fixed part (for example, a bomb holder or a rocket engine) and has inclined aerodynamic surfaces and / or an electric motor, and / or engagement elements in the form of protrusions or gears leading it in rotation about its longitudinal axis.

On aviation munitions, aerodynamic surfaces, after unwinding to estimated revolutions, will not provide additional aerodynamic drag, consuming energy only to compensate for friction against air and in bearings. That is, the use of ammunition with aerodynamic surfaces will not reduce the speed and range of aircraft missiles by a noticeable amount. And for air bombs, this does not matter at all.

But the speed and range of missiles launched from the ground may decrease somewhat. Therefore, such ammunition on ground-based missiles makes sense to pre-unwind.

There are five main ways to do this.

1 way. By unwinding them from the front end for the small protrusions provided for this / if the ammunition is located in the head of the rocket /.

2 way. Untwisting them on the side of the gears provided for this.

3 way. By spinning them with a high-speed jet of compressed air or gas from nozzles directed to the aerodynamic surfaces tangentially or in front. These same surfaces will maintain the desired rotation speed during the flight of ammunition to the target. Moreover, the gas generator can be a solid fuel rocket engine, individual for each rocket or common for a multiple launch rocket launcher. In the latter case, it can also be a turbojet engine with a system of pipelines supplying gas to each of the nozzles. The nozzles for one munition can be one, two or more.

4 way. Ammunition promotion by an external traveling magnetic field. That is, the fragmentation shirt is, as it were, a squirrel-cage rotor of an asynchronous three-phase electric motor. And in the immediate vicinity of the munition, the windings of a three-phase stator are located. The stator can be located in two options: either it is stationary and does not interfere with the launch of a rocket, for example Grad, or it is tilted to the side before launch, and for convenience of removal it can be detachable.

5 way. Ammunition spins small asynchronous electric motor located on the rocket itself and receiving external power. This solution at first glance seems irrational: while the electric motor, in contrast to the previous options, is disposable. However, if friction losses are minimized, then the electric motor can be of very low power, mass and cost. In addition, its mass can be useful to use as a reflector of explosive energy, for example, reflecting it forward in the explosion of ammunition in the air. If at least several minutes are allotted for preparation for launch, then even a small engine will have time to spin the ammunition to the required speed. In an extreme case, you can shoot undeveloped ammunition, while their effectiveness will be equal to conventional ammunition.

A combination of methods is possible.

In order to minimize the friction resistance, which is especially important in the above-mentioned 5th method, the munition can be placed in a vacuum cavity and connected to an electric motor or can be rotors of an electric motor, while the motor windings can be located outside the vacuum cavity.

The walls of the cavity can be made of lightweight material, for example composite, or can be made of cast iron, steel, tungsten and can be a passive / i.e. not rotating / fragmentation jacket.

Both primary and passive, if any, fragmentation shirts can have slots or zone hardening for uniform crushing. Longitudinal slots should be avoided, as they are stress concentrators and significantly weaken the strength of the shirt. You should use annular or animated slots of small depth.

It is also possible to form intersecting cumulative grooves on the surface of the explosive. Flat cumulative jets will crush the fragmentation shirt well. However, this is difficult to accomplish due to the large centrifugal overload acting on the explosives.

To obtain fragments of the right size, a shirt can consist of several layers, that is, several pipes, with an interference fit assembled into a single structure.

Rotating ammunition due to the gyroscopic effect will positively affect the stability of the flight of the rocket. You can even reduce the area of the stabilizers. However, in order for the Coriolis acceleration to deviate from the desired trajectory during rotation of the rocket, and also so that the rotating ammunition due to friction in the bearings does not gradually swirl the rocket itself, unless this is specifically provided for, it is advisable to have two such munitions rotating in opposite directions .

Of particular note is the installation of air bombs. They must have a non-rotating part, to which the bomb holder joins, and one common or two separate rotating parts, the latter can rotate in different directions.

A detonator located in a munition rotating at high speed may be unstable. Therefore, the fuse is best placed in a hollow shaft on which the ammunition rotates. The shaft must be filled with explosives.

Or the fuse in the form of a miniature cumulative charge can be located on the side of the end of the charge. In this case, it pierces the end wall of the charge housing and causes its detonation.

When using ammunition on air-to-air or anti-aircraft missiles, it makes sense to use another method of ignition of explosives: the end of the charge is made transparent and an explosive electromagnetic charge of small power is placed near it. And a small amount of an electrically conductive element is added to the explosives, for example aluminum powder or chopped carbon fiber. When an electromagnetic charge explodes, an electromagnetic pulse arises that instantly heats the electrically conductive elements (there shouldn’t be too many of them) to the detonation temperature of the explosive, as a result of which it explodes immediately throughout the entire volume. This option is good in that even in the event of a missed missile, an electromagnetic pulse can damage the electrical and electronic equipment of the aircraft.

When using rotating ammunition from the external suspensions of high-speed aircraft, no additional devices are required. When used from the ground or from closed aircraft suspensions, their preliminary promotion is required, or at least desirable, according to one of the five methods described above, or a combination thereof.

For this, the following devices can be applied / all devices contain the starting device itself, as well as the following elements /:

Device I. It has a rotary motor with a fork on the output shaft, mounted on the starting device on the lever, or on a parallelogram mechanism, or in guides with the ability to lead forward or sideways or front-sideways from the rocket trajectory during its longitudinal launch from the side of the rotating part of the rocket or with lateral ejection of a rocket.

Device 2. It has a rotational motor movably fixed near the munition with a cylindrical or ionic gear wheel interacting in the working position with the gear wheel on the munition.

Device 3. It has a compressor driven by a main, auxiliary or gas turbine engine as part of a turbojet / that is, we mean the main compressor of a turbojet from which air is taken / connected by a piping system to each jet nozzle directed to the aerodynamic surfaces of each ammunition.

In this case, one nozzle can be directed to each munition. But to facilitate the operation of bearings, it is better to send two or more nozzles symmetrically to one munition.

Device 4. It has one or more rocket engines of solid fuel having one or more jet nozzles aimed at the aerodynamic surfaces of the ammunition / ammunition /.

Device 5. It has a movable or fixed fixed detachable or one-piece magnetic circuit with three or more windings, located around the fragmentation jacket of the munition and which is the stator of a three-phase electric motor, the rotor being a fragmentation shirt.

Device 6. For ammunition with an electric motor, you just need to supply power to it, for which the device has spring-loaded contacts interacting with the ring or plate contacts on the missile’s body intended for this.

It should stay on the device of a rotating bomb. It should consist of two or three parts: one non-rotating part, attached to the bomb holder, and one or two rotating parts, attached to a fixed part on bearings. Twisting aerodynamic surfaces can simultaneously be bomb stabilizers made in the form of a propeller. The stationary part may also have small aerodynamic surfaces for spinning during the free flight.

Special attention should be paid to rod-type ammunition. Their effectiveness is also approximately doubled when the ammunition rotates, however, to hold the rods, it is necessary to use an additional sheath, for example, in the form of a carbon fiber winding impregnated with synthetic resin.

Consider the example in figure 1. Let’s say a medium-caliber air-to-air missile 1 has two ammunition 2 with a diameter of 200 mm, rotating in opposite directions and having wing-shaped aerodynamic surfaces 3 forming constant-pitch propellers.

Starting with the take-off of the aircraft, the ammunition is gradually unwound to a speed determined by the speed of the aircraft and limited by the strength of the material of the fragmentation shirt. The shirt is made of three tubes inserted one into the other with an interference fit with a wall thickness of 10 mm. That is, the total thickness of the shirt is 30 mm. Pipes have vivid cuts of 0.3 mm depth on the outer and inner surfaces, directed on the outer and inner surfaces in different directions / right and left spiral /.

Calculations show that a shirt made of 22GK steel with a safety margin of 1.5 withstands spin up to a peripheral speed of 625 m / s. That is, if the shirt does not explode, but simply collapses, then the fragments will already have a speed of 625 m / s. The angular rotation speed will be approximately 60,000 rpm.

A tungsten shirt allows a lower angular velocity, but the energy of the fragments will be the same.

The ammunition works as follows: during an explosion, all three layers of a shirt are crushed into approximately equal fragments, the kinetic energy of rotation of which is added to the energy received from the explosive explosion.

Figure 2 shows the ammunition on a missile type "Grad". Ammunition 2 has a sub-caliber size and wing surfaces 3. Moreover, the conical transition to the caliber part is also part of the ammunition and also rotates. A decrease in caliber can be compensated for by an increase in length.

The ammunition works like this: before starting, the ammunition is untwisted by compressed air from the nozzle 4, directed tangentially or at an angle. In flight, rotation is supported by a free flow of air. In an explosion, the energy of the fragments and the pressure at the front of the shock wave increase.

Figure 3 shows an air bomb, consisting of a fixed middle part 5, to which the bomb holder is attached to the center of gravity, and two movable parts 6 and 7 rotating in the same direction. A stabilizer 8 is attached to part 7 in the form of a propeller.

The bomb works like this: being on the open suspension of the aircraft, parts 6 and 7 are untwisted by a free flow of air. After the discharge, the stationary part 5 also begins to gradually unwind due to friction in the bearings, and possibly due to the presence of small aerodynamic surfaces. In an explosion, the energy of the fragments and the energy of the shock wave increase.

It should be noted that the development of nanotechnology can dramatically increase the effectiveness of rotating ammunition. It is assumed that nanotechnology will increase the strength of alloys and metals by 6-7 times. In this case, the rotation speed of the shirt in the above example will reach 1600 m / s or more. That is, while maintaining the previous efficiency, the weight of the air-to-air missile warhead can be reduced by 3-4 times, which will positively affect all the tactical and technical characteristics of the rocket.

The application of the invention will significantly increase the combat effectiveness of our army.

Claims (15)

1. A fragmentation munition containing an explosive (BB) charge and a fragmentation jacket, characterized in that it is mounted on bearings on a shaft and has inclined aerodynamic surfaces and / or an electric motor, and / or engagement elements in the form of protrusions or gears leading it into rotation about its longitudinal axis. 2. A fragmentation munition containing explosive charge and a fragmentation jacket, characterized in that the munition is placed in a vacuum chamber, mounted on bearings and connected to an electric motor or is a rotor of an electric motor. 3. The ammunition according to claim 2, characterized in that it consists of two parts rotating in opposite directions. 4. Ammunition according to claim 2, characterized in that the hollow shaft of the ammunition contains explosives and a fuse. 5. Ammunition according to claim 2, characterized in that it contains a fuse in the form of a cumulative charge located at the end of the ammunition. 6. Ammunition according to claim 2, characterized in that one end of the ammunition is made transparent, an explosive electromagnetic charge is placed near it, and an electrically conductive substance, such as aluminum powder or chopped carbon fiber, is added to the explosive. 7. The device for the use of ammunition according to claim 1, containing longitudinal or catapult guides, characterized in that it has a rotary motor with a fork on the output shaft, mounted on the launch device, on a lever or on a parallelogram mechanism, or in guides with the ability to lead forward or sideways or forward-sideways from the trajectory of the rocket during its longitudinal launch or transverse ejection of the rocket. 8. The device for the use of ammunition according to claim 1, containing longitudinal or catapult guides, characterized in that it has a rotational motor movably fixed near the ammunition with a cylindrical or bevel gear wheel interacting in the working position with the gear wheel on the munition. 9. The device for the use of ammunition according to claim 1, containing longitudinal or ejection guides, characterized in that it has a compressor driven by a main, auxiliary or gas turbine engine as part of a turbojet, connected by a piping system to each jet nozzle directed to the aerodynamic surfaces of each ammunition. 10. The device for the use of ammunition according to claim 1, containing longitudinal or ejection guides, characterized in that it has one or more rocket engines of solid fuel having one or more jet nozzles aimed at the aerodynamic surfaces of the ammunition. 11. The device for the use of ammunition according to claim 1, containing longitudinal or catapult guides, characterized in that it has a movable or fixed detachable or one-piece magnetic circuit with three or more windings, located around the shrapnel-shaped munition shirt and which is the stator of a three-phase electric motor, the rotor being shrapnel shirt. 12. The device for the use of ammunition according to claim 1, containing longitudinal or catapult guides, characterized in that it has spring-loaded contacts interacting with intended ring or plate contacts on the rocket body. 13. Shrapnel munition in the form of an air bomb, containing one stationary part and one or more parts rotating relative to it with aerodynamic surfaces. 14. The ammunition according to claim 13, characterized in that the fixed part has aerodynamic surfaces. 15. Rod-type fragmentation munition containing an additional sheath in the form of a carbon fiber winding impregnated with synthetic resin.

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