RU2472005C2 - External combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engines and pumps.

SUBSTANCE: external combustion engine includes sealed housing in the form of flattened cone, which is partially filled with heat carrier. Housing includes evaporator and condenser. The housing includes heat-insulating ring being the element of the housing and rigidly attached both to evaporative section, and to condensation section of the engine housing. Turbine impellers with moving blades enclosed with a rim are rigidly attached to heat-insulating ring. Turbine impellers are rigidly attached to engine shaft. Turbine wheels with guide vanes enclosed with the rim representing an internal annular magnet are installed on the shaft. Rims of all wheels are installed so that an annular gap with housing is formed. Wheels with guide vanes are installed with possibility of being rotated in relation to the shaft - on bearings. External annular magnet rigidly attached to the housing is installed above internal annular magnet. Propeller is rigidly fixed on the engine shaft. The condenser includes bars, on which there rigidly fixed are cone-shaped plates of wave-like profile both on internal, and external sides of the housing. Combustion chamber with injectors is located around evaporator.

EFFECT: reducing mass and dimensions characteristics of the engine; enlarging its functional capabilities.

3 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of power engineering and can be used, in particular, as an engine of an aircraft (L.A.).

A device is known under the name of the Stirling engine, which converts thermal energy into mechanical energy of rotation of the shaft [1].

The disadvantages of this invention include the complexity of the device due to the use of a four-link crank mechanism (crank).

As a prototype, the device according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2056606 under the name "Converter of thermal energy into mechanical work" [2] was selected.

The disadvantages of the prototype device include large weight and size characteristics due to the low-efficiency system of heat removal from the condenser.

The aim of the present invention is to reduce the overall dimensions of the engine, as well as expanding its functionality.

The essence of the invention is as follows.

To increase the efficiency of heat transfer in the region of the capacitor contains radially mounted rods, rigidly fixed to the motor housing. Cone plates are rigidly attached to the rods both inside and outside the sealed enclosure. Cone plates are made with a developed heat exchange surface, for example, wave-like. From the top of the truncated cone, a screw is installed. Rods and conical plates are made of copper, or alloys based on it.

The proposed technical solution significantly increases the efficiency of heat removal from the condenser, reduces its size, which in the final form leads to the achievement of the goal.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 shows the appearance of the engine (in section).

Figure 2 presents a sealed housing with rods and conical plates.

Figure 3 shows a conical plate.

Figure 4 presents the turbine of the engine (enlarged).

Figure 5 shows the profile of a cone plate.

Figure 6 presents a variant of the engine using solar energy.

The device of an external combustion engine.

The external combustion engine contains a sealed housing 1 in the form of a truncated cone, partially filled with coolant. The casing comprises an evaporator 2 and a condenser 3. The casing contains a heat-insulating ring 4, which is an element of the casing and is rigidly bonded to both the evaporation section 5 and the condensation section 6 of the engine casing. Turbine impellers 7 of the turbine with rotor blades 8, covered by the rim 9, are rigidly attached to the heat-insulating ring. Turbine impellers are rigidly attached to the motor shaft 10. The turbine wheels 11 are mounted on the shaft with guide vanes 12 covered by a rim 13, which is an internal ring magnet. The rims of all wheels are installed with the formation of an annular gap 14 with the housing. The wheels with guide vanes are mounted rotatably with respect to the shaft — on bearings 15. An external ring magnet 16 is mounted above the inner ring magnet and is rigidly connected to the casing (housing) 17 L.A. A screw 18 is rigidly fixed to the motor shaft. In the motor housing, in the condensation zone, there are rods 19 on which conical plates 20 of a wave-like profile are rigidly fixed, both from the inside and the outside of the case. Around the evaporator is a 2-spiral combustion chamber 21 with opposed nozzles 22.

In a stationary version of the application of the engine, using solar energy, the engine is equipped with a protective casing 23, which protects the capacitor from heating, spokes 24 for attaching the casing, as well as a generator 25. In this case, the screw performs the functions of a compressor and a fan.

For the purpose of clarity and simplification of the figure, in Fig.1 and Fig.6 internal and external conical plates with rods are not shown.

Engine operation

When fuel is supplied to the nozzles 22, as well as compressed air to the 2-spiral combustion chamber 21, heating and evaporation of the coolant in the evaporator 2 occurs. Steam under pressure enters the blades 8 and guide vanes 12 of the multi-stage turbine. Since the rims 13 of the wheels with guide vanes are fixed from rotation by means of magnets 13 and 16, and the impellers 7 are rigidly connected (screws) to the housing 1, the engine comes into rotation. The heat carrier in the vapor state, passing through the turbine, enters the condenser 3, where it is cooled and goes into the liquid phase. Cooling occurs both due to the condenser body, and through the internal conical plates 20, rigidly fixed to the rods 19. The heat flux through the rods is transmitted to the external conical plates, washed by the air stream, pumped by a screw 18 into the spiral combustion chamber 21.

Having passed into the liquid phase on the inner cone plates, the coolant is deposited on the inner wall of the condenser 3 and in the form of a thin film, under the action of centrifugal forces, returns to the evaporator 2. For this purpose, a gap of 14 is provided between the casing 1 and the wheel rims of the turbine wheels 9 and 13. the evaporator coolant again goes into a vapor state and enters the turbine wheels. The cycle closes.

Advantages of the proposed technical solution.

Any heat engine must contain at least four devices: 1. An energy source. 2. The heat engine. 3. Capacitor. 4. The pump.

Usually, all these devices exist independently, occupy large areas and volume, and are interconnected by a complex communication system. In the proposed technical solution, all the necessary devices are combined in one mobile unit, and the pump itself performs the function of the engine, the casing of which is made in the form of a cone.

1. Having set the required value of the taper of the body (angle α), as well as the engine speed, it is guaranteed to ensure reliable passage of the coolant with opposite directions. Namely: in the gaseous state - from the evaporator to the condenser, passing through the turbine, and vice versa, in the liquid state - from the condenser to the evaporator. At the same time L.A. with a similar engine, the work of which does not depend on orientation in space, can perform any aerobatics.

2. The engine is omnivorous, i.e. undemanding to fuel quality. The nozzle can be configured for any type of fuel, while in liquid or gaseous form. The engine can run on solar energy.

3. High reliability of the engine is ensured by its design, since all moving parts are enclosed in a sealed enclosure. The presence of two opposed nozzles and a 2-spiral combustion chamber also increases the reliability of L.A.

4. High efficiency, since the heat transferred from the condenser to the external conical plates is utilized and additionally heats the air entering the combustion chamber.

Information sources

1. Polytechnical dictionary. Publishing house "Soviet Encyclopedia", Moscow, 1980. S.500-501. St. "Stirling engine."

2. RF patent No. 2056606 with a priority of 01/21/93.

Claims (3)

1. An external combustion engine comprising a sealed housing in the form of a truncated cone, partially filled with coolant, the housing contains an evaporator and a condenser, the housing contains a heat-insulating ring, which is an element of the housing and rigidly bonded to both the evaporation section and the condensation section of the engine housing, to heat-insulating ring turbine impellers are rigidly fixed with impellers covered by the rim, turbine impellers are rigidly attached to the motor shaft, wheels are mounted on the shaft turbines with guide vanes covered by a rim, which is an inner ring magnet, the rims of all wheels are mounted to form an annular gap with the casing, the wheels with guide vanes are mounted to rotate with respect to the shaft - on bearings, an external ring magnet is installed above the inner ring magnet, rigidly connected to the casing, characterized in that the screw is rigidly attached to the motor shaft, the capacitor contains rods on which conical plates are wave-fixed profile, while both on the inside and on the outside of the housing, around the evaporator there is a combustion chamber with nozzles. 2. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that around the evaporator is a 2-spiral combustion chamber. 3. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the combustion chamber contains 2 opposed nozzles.

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