RU2469357C2 - Method and apparatus for obtaining optical and impact waves in liquid - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: physics.

SUBSTANCE: optical and impact waves are obtained in an electrolyte through multifocal electric discharge generated between electrodes separated by a perforated dielectric barrier. The invention is characterised by that the reservoir with electrolyte is metallic and is the first grounded electrode, and the second is a high-voltage electrode which is in form of one or more groups of electrodes, each with a perforated insulation. The electrodes are arranged uniformly in the volume (area) of the electrolyte and are connected to one or different phases of a high-voltage power supply. The electrolyte used is liquid domestic or industrial wastes or saline medical solutions. The method is realised using a corresponding device, wherein the high-voltage power supply used can be a transformer and/or a rectifier.

EFFECT: invention provides efficient treatment of liquids and bodies in said liquid, which is required in chemical industry, medicine and ecology.

6 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to methods for producing powerful light and shock acoustic waves in a conductive liquid and can be used in ecology for wastewater treatment, in chemistry of solutions for sterilization of a medical instrument.

A known method of purification of drinking and wastewater, in which an electric discharge is used to destroy the bacterial form (see A.S. USSR 196632, IPC C02F 1/48, authors L.A. Yutkin, L.I. Goltsova, publ. 15.05. 83, bull. No. 18). To implement this method, various devices can be used to ensure the creation of a spark electric discharge in a stream or a calm mass of water.

The efficiency of this method increases with a decrease in the active (i.e., in contact with the liquid) area of the positive electrode and a simultaneous increase in the active area of the negative electrode, as well as subject to a maximum reduction in the voltage pulse front, shortening of the current pulse and providing a current pulse shape close to aperiodic (see the book by L. A. Yutkin. “The Electro-Hydraulic Effect and Its Application in Industry.” L.: Mechanical Engineering, Leningrad Branch, 1986. - 253 pp., ill.).

However, this method has the following disadvantages:

- water disinfection occurs only in close proximity to the spark interelectrode gap (at a distance of not more than 3-4 interelectrode gaps);

- the disinfecting effect of the devices is low, since most of the discharge energy is converted into shock wave energy, and ultraviolet radiation, which destroys up to 80% of pathogenic bacteria, accounts for only 10% of the discharge energy;

- powerful shock and acoustic waves accompanying the spark discharge impose increased requirements on the mechanical strength of the device and the protection of service personnel from acoustic shocks;

- it is impossible to concentrate a significant part of the energy of a charged capacitor bank in a thin discharge channel and to receive a powerful shock and light wave if the liquid is conductive, for example, industrial waste water or medical salt solution (current flows throughout them throughout the liquid volume).

There is also known a method of sterilizing liquid and objects contained in them by chemically active particles obtained by a diaphragm discharge generated using electrodes, the process being carried out under continuous circulation of the solution, an industrial frequency current is used at a voltage of 500-1000 V, the discharge is generated on molybdenum or graphite electrodes (see RF patent No. 2195961, IPC A61L 2/02, publ. 01.10.2003, authors Stroykova I.K., Maksimov A.I. and others).

A device for implementing this method consists of an electric power supply and a plasma-chemical cell, which in turn contains a quartz or ceramic ampoule with a spherical diaphragm (hole) with a diameter of 0.4 mm. A conductive liquid is poured into the cell - a solution of sodium chloride at a concentration of 2 g / l. An object requiring a disinfection is placed in the liquid. Using a threaded connection with a rubber seal, a stirrer and electrodes are mounted on the dielectric cover of the cell, on one of which a quartz (or ceramic) ampoule with a diaphragm is put on. An external voltage of industrial frequency of 50 Hz and an amplitude of 500-1000 V is applied between the electrodes and a current flows through the hole in the cell, closing through the hole in the ampoule. At a current value of 40-80 mA, aperture discharge is ignited in the hole. After that, the solution and the medical objects placed in it are treated with a discharge for 4-10 minutes, after which all elements of the circuit are turned off and the object is removed. In all experiments with this device, the efficiency of sterilization of medical objects with a diaphragm discharge was 100%, and the survival rate of microorganisms was zero.

The disadvantages of the device for implementing this method:

- no more than a laboratory, or rather, ampoule or test tube scale (approximately 50 ml), as a result of which it is impossible to process large-sized medical objects and instruments in the device;

- long duration of the sterilization process (4-10 minutes for one ampoule or test tube). For industrial facilities, the duration of sterilization is not defined at all.

The closest method in technical essence to the claimed invention is a method of exciting light and shock waves in a conductive fluid - an electrolyte (see article Sankin G.N., Drozhzhin A.P., Lomanovich K.A., Teslenko BC Multi-focal diaphragm generator of shock waves in liquid. // Instruments and experimental equipment, 2004, No. 4. C.114-118), which consists in the fact that to excite light and shock waves in a conductive liquid (electrolyte), a multi-focal electric discharge is applied, created between electrodes separated by perforated a dielectric barrier immersed in a conductive liquid and connected to a high voltage power source.

This method is implemented in generators of plane and spherical light and shock-acoustic waves. In the first of them (see Fig. 1 of the above article), the electrodes are made of stainless steel in the form of a grid. An aqueous solution of sodium chloride with a salt concentration of 5% by weight was used as the conductive liquid. The conductive liquid was poured into a cuvette made of transparent organic glass. The electrodes were immersed in a liquid and arranged parallel to each other. The distance between the electrodes was 60 mm. The perforated dielectric barrier was a 0.05 mm thick Dacron film with multiple holes (10 rows of 10 holes) with a diameter of 0.4-0.5 mm. The film was located between the mesh electrodes closer to the high-voltage electrode and divided the cell into two parts. The power source was a 2 μF capacitor bank charged to a voltage of 6 kV and connected to the electrodes through a controlled spark gap RU-62.

The kinograms of the formation and propagation of shock-acoustic waves in a generator of plane light and shock-acoustic waves (from a plane emitter in an electrolyte) showed that shock waves at the openings of the lavsan barrier (diaphragm) occur synchronously. The discharge at each hole forms a spherically diverging pressure wave. The superposition of these waves results in a plane shock wave. The distribution of the amplitude of the pressure pulse along and across the axis of the flat emitter is bell-shaped. At the focal point at 1400 holes in the barrier (diaphragm), the amplitude of the pressure pulse reaches 17 MPa, the duration of the pressure pulse is 0.9 μs.

The disadvantages of this method and device for its implementation:

- poor mechanical strength of the dielectric barrier (lavsan film) and the reservoir for the liquid (plexiglass cuvette), which does not allow to ensure a high resource of the device and its industrial application;

- narrow scope (study of cavitation and sonoluminescence processes, destruction of kidney stones).

The objective of the invention is the creation of an industrial installation with multiple diaphragm discharge, which would be characterized by increased mechanical strength and resource, a wide energy range and scope.

The technical result of the invention is the expansion of the scope of the method in the chemical industry, medicine and ecology.

The technical result of the invention is achieved by the fact that in the known method of exciting light and shock waves in a conductive fluid — an electrolyte, where a multi-focal electric discharge is used, which is created between electrodes separated by a perforated dielectric barrier immersed in a conductive fluid and connected to a high voltage power source, the new one is that one of the electrodes is made in the form of a metal reservoir for liquid and is grounded, and the second high-voltage electrode is made in the form of one minutes or more groups of electrodes each with a perforated insulated, high-voltage electrodes are arranged uniformly over the volume or area of the conductive liquid and connected to one or to different phases of high voltage power supply.

The technical result of the invention is achieved by the fact that in the known device for exciting light and shock waves in a conductive fluid — an electrolyte, where a multi-focal electric discharge containing a reservoir with conductive fluid is used, two electrodes separated by a perforated dielectric barrier immersed in a conductive fluid and connected to a high voltage the power source, new is that the tank is made of metal and is one of the electrodes, and the second high-voltage electrode is made in in the form of one or more groups of electrodes each with perforated insulation, while the high-voltage electrodes are placed uniformly in volume or area of the conductive liquid and are connected to one or different phases of the power source.

In addition, a voltage transformer, or a high-voltage rectifier, is used as a high-voltage power source; high voltage electrodes are mounted on the tank lid or on a floating platform (raft).

The execution of the reservoir for the liquid metal and its use as the first grounded electrode allows you to:

- increase the mechanical strength and the "life" of the tank, as well as increase the volume of disinfected liquid up to hundreds of cubic meters, i.e. bring the device to an industrial scale;

- make the processes for light-radiation and shock-wave disinfection of liquid industrial and household waste explosion-proof, since the metal body of the tank with industrial waste mechanically and electrically protects personnel and the environment from direct contact with a conductive liquid, initially often toxic, and during plasma chemical reactions in a diaphragm discharge always acquiring high oxidative activity.

The implementation of the second high-voltage electrode in the form of one or more groups of electrodes each with perforated insulation, the uniform placement of the electrodes in the volume (or area) of the conductive liquid and the connection of the electrodes to one or different phases of the power source allows you to:

- increase n-times, where n is the number of electrodes, the disinfection zone, i.e. increase n-times the volume of treated wastewater or medical solution;

- impose on each other shock and light waves from adjacent electrodes and, thereby, increase the pressure of light and shock waves on the liquid and the microorganisms and bacteria inside it and the rate of liquid disinfection;

- to ensure mixing of the liquid and the completeness of its disinfection.

The use of voltage transformers as a power source allows you to:

- bring the device with a diaphragm discharge to a large industrial scale (size and performance), since the output current and power of the power transformers are enough to power a large number of high-voltage electrodes or groups of electrodes;

- to improve the coordination of a multi-focal diaphragm discharge in a liquid (inductive time resistive load non-linear in time) with an industrial electrical network, namely, to reduce a sufficiently large active resistance of a diaphragm discharge introduced into the primary winding of a transformer and increase the coefficient of electric energy transfer to a multi-focal diaphragm discharge, since the secondary the transformer winding has an inductance significantly exceeding the inductance of the diaphragm discharge circuit.

Mounting high-voltage electrodes on the tank lid or on a floating platform (raft) allows you to:

- to simplify the monitoring of the state of high-voltage electrodes and their replacement;

- purify water in open reinforced concrete pools or in open reservoirs, in the case of, for example, the "bloom" of water - the appearance of green algae in it.

Distinctive features of the proposed method among patents of the Russian Federation and scientific literature were not found, which indicates its novelty and inventive step.

The inventive method includes the following operations:

a) a metal tank is made with a removable lid and a certain volume of conductive liquid is poured into it, for example, waste water - waste from a metallurgical or chemical plant;

b) make at least one group of high-voltage electrodes, identical in diameter and length and each with perforated insulation on its surface, while the diameter of the holes in the insulation of the electrodes or the diameter of the wires of the current concentrators is no more than 0.5 mm, the number of holes or current concentrators are taken from the condition of achieving a current of 0.3-0.4 A through each hole or current concentrator;

c) through the holes in the lid of the tank, made, for example, in a checkerboard pattern, immerse the lower perforated ends of the high-voltage electrodes in a conductive liquid, and the upper non-perforated ends of the electrodes are fixed, for example, with glands on the lid of the tank;

d) connect the upper ends of the high-voltage electrodes with short conductors or through isolation inductances to the high-voltage pole of the power source, and the metal tank to the grounded pole of the high-voltage power source;

g) include a high-voltage power source, for example, a capacitor bank or a voltage transformer, and supply voltage to the high-voltage electrodes, while a multi-focal electric discharge develops from each high-voltage electrode with perforated insulation, providing multi-point contact with a conductive liquid;

e) spherically diverging light and shock waves propagate from each channel (focus) of the discharge on the surface of the high-voltage electrode. These waves are self-synchronized and numerous and fold into a single front, with the formation of cylindrical (repeating the geometry of the electrodes) light and shock waves. The brightness temperature at the front of the light wave reaches 5000–9000K, the amplitude of the shock wave exceeds 17 MPa (170 atm).

f) light and shock waves follow (are repeated), for example, in the case of using a capacitor bank every 0.2 ms, in the case of using a power transformer - in 50 ms. Light and shock waves penetrate the entire volume of the conducting fluid, and in the interelectrode gaps overlap each other. These numerous and distributed over the volume of liquid light and shock waves can be used to perform numerous types of work: disinfection of industrial and domestic wastewater; sterilization of a medical instrument, etc.

The drawing shows a variant of the device for the industrial implementation of the proposed method (section along one of the rows of high-voltage electrodes).

A device for implementing the inventive method comprises a metal tank 1 with a dielectric or metal cover 2 and a conductive liquid 3 inside the tank. Several dozens of high-voltage insulated electrodes 4 are passed through the tank cover 2, so that they uniformly penetrate the entire area (volume) of the tank. The insulation 5 of the lower ends (sections) of the electrodes 4 located in the liquid is perforated - a number of holes are made in it - punctures 6 with a diameter of 0.2-0.4 mm. Thus, there is a multiple electrical contact of the metal surface of the electrodes 4 with a conductive liquid 3 in the tank. The free (upper) ends of the isolated electrodes 4 in each group (row) are connected in parallel and connected through an additional inductance 7 and a common switch P to the high-voltage output of a capacitor bank With a capacity of 10 μF and an operating voltage of 5 kV. The case of the capacitor bank C is connected by a short conductor to a metal reservoir 1, which is reliably grounded. In ground (factory) conditions, you can build a reservoir for any volume of liquid and use a capacitor bank for any energy intensity.

The device can be used for light-radiation and shock-wave disinfection of domestic and industrial effluents, for which it is sufficient to connect the tank with the help of pipes to the recycling water supply system of an enterprise or a village.

The device operates as follows. When high voltage is applied to the electrodes 4 in the holes 6 in the epoxy insulation of the electrodes - thin channels from the electrolyte - the industrial enterprise's wastewater, electric current is concentrated, the wastewater in these holes-channels begins to heat up and vapor-gas bubbles form near the holes 6 in the electrode insulation. Each forming bubble emits a spherical shock (acoustic) wave. Inside the bubbles, electrical discharges are ignited, which in turn emit light pulses. Due to the inclusion of additional inductances in the discharge circuits 7, the growth of vapor-air bubbles and the occurrence of discharges in each group of electrodes are synchronized. Accordingly, shock waves and light pulses from multifocal discharges interfere and stack with each other with the formation of a cylindrical (repeating the geometry of the electrodes) wave. The stages of the formation of vapor bubbles and the occurrence of discharges in water (shock and light waves) are repeated cyclically with a period (frequency) depending on the voltage of the capacitor bank, the conductivity of the electrolyte, the diameter and number of holes 6 in the insulation of the conductors 4. Wastewater is treated with a shock wave and light radiation from each penetrating volume of the reservoir electrode 4, i.e. simultaneously over a large area (volume). In the interelectrode gaps, light and shock waves overlap and amplify. As a result of the action of these numerous light and shock waves distributed over the volume of wastewater, the wastewater is cleaned of organic substances (human, animal or petrochemical origin) and inorganic pollutants (cyanides, toxins, fluorides, etc.), as well as bacteria and microorganisms.

Thus, the author has shown that the use of new methods and devices for exciting light and shock pulses in a conductive fluid:

- provides the creation of industrial plants with multi-focal diaphragm electric discharge, which can be different in volume, power and performance. In addition, the proposed installations are characterized by low manufacturing costs and are easy to operate;

- expands the scope of the multiple (diaphragm) discharge in the chemical industry, medicine and the environment.

Claims (6)

1. A method of exciting light and shock waves in a conductive fluid — an electrolyte, where a multi-focal electric discharge is used, which is created between electrodes separated by a perforated dielectric barrier immersed in a conductive fluid and connected to a high-voltage power source, characterized in that one of the electrodes is made in the form metal reservoir for liquid and ground, and the second high-voltage electrode is made in the form of one or more groups of electrodes each with perforated insulation her, high-voltage electrodes are placed uniformly in volume (area) of the conductive liquid and connected to one or different phases of the power source. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that as the conductive liquid using liquid household or industrial waste. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that saline medical solutions are used as the conductive liquid. 4. Device for exciting light and shock waves in a conductive fluid - an electrolyte, where a multi-focal electric discharge is used, containing a reservoir with a conductive fluid (electrolyte), two electrodes separated by a perforated dielectric barrier, immersed in a conductive fluid (electrolyte) and connected to a high voltage source power supply, characterized in that the reservoir is made of metal and is one of the electrodes, and the second high-voltage electrode is made in the form of one or more groups of electro each with perforated insulation, while the high-voltage electrodes are placed uniformly in volume (area) of the conductive fluid and are connected to one or different phases of the power source. 5. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that a voltage transformer or a high voltage rectifier is used as a high voltage power source. 6. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that the high-voltage electrodes are mounted on the lid of the tank or on a floating platform.