RU2468933C1 - Hybrid plane - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to hybrid planes used as automobile and plane. Hybrid plane comprise fuselage, wings, propeller assembly, beam with tail unit, wheel chassis, power plant with transmission, and bulkheads. Wings are composed of a system of detachable long outer wings. In flight configuration, outer wings are secured to fuselage and interconnected by bulkheads.

EFFECT: higher reliability.

8 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to convertible vehicles intended for use both as a multifunctional aircraft and a car.

There is such a thing as a “motor glider”. This aircraft is heavier than air with a rigid wing, equipped with an engine and an air propulsion device. A motor glider is able not only to make a long planning (soaring) flight, but also to take off on its own. But it is not intended for driving on roads. The proposed concept of “autoplanner” characterizes a vehicle that can be converted from a road to a flight configuration and vice versa. The proposed autoplanner is able to be effectively operated in road, road transport and flight configurations. Moreover, in the flight configuration, it allows for both a long planning flight and a regular motor flight.

Known aircraft containing a supporting structure, transmission, chassis, at least one wing, made with the possibility of rotation and fixing relative to the supporting structure, power unit, propulsor and tail unit, while the wing is made completely rotatable with the possibility of installing a mover on it, the upper part the wing is made with aerodynamic obstacles, and its front part is made with the possibility of crushing, fixing the wing is carried out by rigid and elastic elements (Patent RU 2128588, published on 04/10/1999).

This aircraft is able to fly, but at the same time has a low aerodynamic quality. Its movement on roads is difficult due to the considerable size in length.

A device for moving in the air is known, including a tail fuselage, a folding wing, a hydraulic wing folding mechanism, two chassis with wheels, a rear support, the latter being equipped with an independent drive, the wing edges are made in the shape of a hyperbolic curve, the front wheels are partially recessed into floats (Patent RU 2183182, published June 10, 2002).

This device has an increased mass and high aerodynamic drag. It is able to fly, but only with significant propeller engine power. Moving it on the ground seems problematic due to the small traction forces created by the lightly loaded drive wheel.

A well-known aircraft, which contains a body, a pair of folding half wings, propellers, tail, chassis with wheels located in a diamond-shaped pattern, and a power unit, each half wing made rotary with the possibility of its installation in both flight and road transport configurations (Patent RU 2385807, published on 10.04.2010).

This aircraft is characterized by increased complexity and weight, as well as low operational reliability and aerodynamic quality.

The objective of the invention is to provide a compact convertible vehicle with high technical parameters and high operational reliability.

This is achieved by the fact that the wings are made in the form of a system of consoles of significant elongation, each console is detachable and equipped with a flaperon, extending from the console root by a distance equal to (0.7-0.8) of its length. In the flight configuration, the root parts of the first left and first right consoles are fixed at the top of the front of the fuselage and form the front wing with positive sweep and zero transverse angle. The root parts of the second left and second right consoles are fixed below the middle part of the fuselage, near the center of gravity of the autoplane, at a distance from the root parts of the first left and first right consoles, respectively, exceeding two lengths of the largest of the root chords of the consoles, the second left and second right consoles form the middle wing with almost zero sweep and a significant positive lateral angle. The root parts of the third left and third right consoles are fixed in the middle of the rear of the fuselage at a distance from the root parts of the second left and second right consoles, respectively, exceeding the length of the largest of the root chords of the consoles, the third left and third right consoles form the rear wing with a negative sweep and a small positive transverse angle.

The autoplane contains left and right jumpers, which have practically the same direct attachment points of the end parts of the left and right consoles, respectively, the distances between the attachment points are equal (0.2-0.4) to the length of the largest of the end chords. The end parts of the left and right consoles are fixed to the corresponding mounting points located almost vertically left and right jumpers, in the order of the first, third, second end parts of the respective consoles in the direction from top to bottom.

In the flight configuration, the front of the beam with the tail is fixed at the top of the rear of the fuselage above the propeller in the ring. In the road transport configuration, the consoles, jumpers and a tail beam are compactly placed on the top of the fuselage and fixed.

The proposed autoplayer is schematically shown in the drawings, where:

- figure 1 is a General view of the autoplane in flight configuration, side view;

- figure 2 is the same, a top view;

- figure 3 is the same, front view;

- figure 4 is a General view of the autoplane in the road transport configuration, side view;

- figure 5 is the same front view.

As shown in the drawings, autoplayer is arranged as follows.

The autoplane contains a fuselage 1, wings 2, a propeller 3 in the ring, a beam 4 with a tail, a wheeled chassis 5 and a power plant 6 with a transmission.

The closed type fuselage 1 is streamlined with a minimized cross-sectional area to reduce aerodynamic drag. The autoplane crew can consist of one to two people.

The wings of the autoplane 2 are made in the form of a spatial support system, which is formed by the left 7 and right 8 jumpers that close the end parts of the detachable left 9, 11, 13 and right 10, 12 and 14 consoles of significant elongation, the root parts of which are fixed to the fuselage 1 in the flight configuration Each console is equipped with flaperon 15. The proposed number of consoles of considerable elongation, their relative position, spacing of the roots and the convergence of the ends of the consoles, the absence of flaperons at the ends of the consoles seems optimal th, that allows you to fully solve the problem.

Limiting the length of the flaperons at the level (0.7-0.8) of the length of the console, shifting them to the longitudinal axis of the device, converging the end parts of the consoles to a vertical distance (0.2-0.4) of the length of the largest of the end chords, and setting almost vertical the jumper turns the end parts of the consoles into elements of trellised wings and wings with winglets. The result is an increase in corkscrew resistance and a decrease in aerodynamic drag.

The propeller 3 in the ring is installed in the rear of the fuselage 1 and is driven into rotation by the power plant 6 through the corresponding transmission elements. The ring performs a protective and partially stabilizing function.

A detachable beam 4 with a tail in the flight configuration is fixed at the top of the rear of the fuselage 1 and performs the corresponding functions of stabilization and flight control.

The wheeled chassis 5 comprises two steered front and two driving rear wheels of an automobile type. It is assumed that the power plant, transmission, wheels, brake system, steering, interior equipment, instrumentation and lighting equipment - all this is used from a modern small car, is mass-produced and has an appropriate level of quality.

Using autoplanner is as follows.

The autoplane is a compact convertible vehicle of wide application. A flight weight of autoplanner up to 5 kN with an engine power of 46 kW are preferred. The initial configuration is the road when the autoplane is used as a two-seater small car. At the same time, wings 2, jumpers 7 and 8 and beam 4 with tail are removed from the fuselage 1. Technical characteristics, such as throttle response and maximum speed, of the autoplane in the road configuration will be significantly higher than that of the serial microcompact car, adopted as the base, due to less weight and reduced aerodynamic drag.

Before making a flight, the autoplane, being converted into a road transport configuration, when the wings 2, jumpers 7 and 8 and the tail 4 with a tail are compactly placed and fixed on the top of the fuselage 1, can independently get to the take-off place, and leave the landing site. In this case, the speed of movement should be limited due to an increase in the center of gravity of the device.

Immediately before the flight, the autoplayer is transferred to the flight configuration, when the wings 2, jumpers 7 and 8 and the tail beam 4 are fixed in the appropriate places. The autoplanner is capable of independent take-off and climb.

In the air, the autoplane can be used as a sports vaporizer with an aerodynamic quality of the order of forty, with the possibility of evaporation in weak and narrow streams, or a medium-range aircraft at a flight speed of up to one hundred and sixty km / h. Due to the small scope and increased stiffness of the wings, the autoplane is able to perform aerobatics. If the autoplayer is deliberately or accidentally displayed at supercritical angles of attack, then it does not fall into a tailspin, but switches to parachuting with a bow down and a set speed. Such a reaction becomes possible due to the convergence of the ends of the consoles, their jumper connection, the absence of flaperons at the ends of the consoles and the presence of a horizontal stabilizer. The presence of flappers of relatively large span on all consoles with a sufficient wing area allows the autoplane to have a low landing speed. If necessary, the autoplane can confidently land with an idle power plant.

Converting an autoplane from one type of configuration to another can be done by the efforts of one or two people in half an hour.

From the foregoing, it follows that the task is completely solved.

Claims (8)

1. An autoplayer comprising a fuselage, wings, an airscrew in the ring, a tail with a tail, a wheeled chassis and a power unit with a transmission, characterized in that the left and right jumpers are introduced, the wings are made in the form of a system of consoles of significant elongation, each console is detachable and equipped with flaperon, extending from the root of the console at a distance equal to (0.7-0.8) of its length. 2. The autoplayer according to claim 1, characterized in that in the flight configuration, the root parts of the first left and first right consoles are fixed at the top of the front of the fuselage and form the front wing with positive sweep and zero transverse angle. 3. The autoplayer according to claim 1, characterized in that in the flight configuration, the root parts of the second left and second right consoles are fixed below the middle part of the fuselage, near the center of gravity of the autoplane, at a distance from the root parts of the first left and first right consoles, respectively, exceeding two lengths the largest of the root chords of the consoles, the second left and second right consoles form the middle wing with almost zero sweep and a significant positive transverse angle. 4. The autoplayer according to claim 1, characterized in that in the flight configuration, the root parts of the third left and third right consoles are fixed in the middle of the rear of the fuselage at a distance from the root parts of the second left and second right consoles, respectively, exceeding the length of the largest of the root chords of the consoles, the third left and third right consoles form the rear wing with a negative sweep and a small positive transverse angle. 5. The autoplayer according to claim 1, characterized in that the left and right jumpers are located practically on the same straight attachment point of the end parts of the left and right consoles, respectively, the distance between the attachment points is equal to (0.2-0.4) the length of the largest of the end chord. 6. The autoplayer according to claim 1, characterized in that in the flight configuration, the end parts of the left and right consoles are fixed to the corresponding attachment points of the left and right jumpers located almost vertically, in the sequence the first, third, second end parts of the respective consoles are from top to bottom . 7. The autoplayer according to claim 1, characterized in that in the flight configuration the front of the beam with the tail is fixed at the top of the rear of the fuselage above the propeller in the ring. 8. The autoplayer according to claim 1, characterized in that in the road-transport configuration of the console, jumpers and a tail beam are compactly placed on the top of the fuselage and fixed.

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