RU2467958C1 - Method of cleaning surface run-off from heavy metal ions and biogenic substances - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to biochemistry. A method of cleaning surface run-off from heavy metal ions and biogenic substances is provided. Surface run-off is fed to a botanic platform with a non-filtering bottom and a filter charge from natural ion-exchange rocks - clinoptilolite, gaize. The surface run-off is cleaned using the latter from heavy metal ions and biogenic substances. The filter charge is regenerated with 0.1% ammonium sulphate solution for 30-60 calendar days. At the beginning of the vegetation period, water hyacinth plants are growth at the same time as the addition of ammonium sulphate solution to the water surface. After cleaning, the water hyacinth plants are collected from the water surface and taken to the dumping ground.

EFFECT: invention accelerates the process of regenerating filter charge of a botanic platform, cutting it from 3-4 vegetation periods to one.

Description

The invention relates to the biological treatment of water of industrial or domestic wastewater, namely, using plants, for example algae.

A known method (A.N. Popov. Forecast and regulation of surface water quality on the example of the Urals: Abstract for the degree of Doctor of Technical Sciences. Yekaterinburg. 1995; V.V. Bondarenko. Protection of water bodies from pollution by sewage and dispersed runoff using bioengineering systems: Abstract of a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Technical Sciences (Yekaterinburg, 2000), including the treatment of rainfall runoff at botanical sites using higher aquatic vegetation. The disadvantage of this method is the relatively long term for cleaning surface effluents at botanical sites (up to 10 days).

There is also known a method (SU No. 1074836, IPC C02F 3/32. The system of biological treatment of water in the canals of drinking water and technical water supply. Publ. 02.23.1984. Bull. No. 7), which consists in passing wastewater through a site or channel with a planted into the ground by higher aquatic vegetation, which contributes to the release of suspended solids, oil products and partially heavy metals from water. At the same time, water passes along the botanical site in the horizontal direction, being filtered through a dense thicket of higher aquatic vegetation: reeds, reeds, cattail. The disadvantage of this method is its low efficiency in the non-growing season, that is, almost the entire spring and autumn periods.

The closest in technical essence to the proposed method is the method (RU No. 2149836, IPC C02F 3/32. Phytofilter for wastewater treatment. Publ. 10.21.1998. Bull. No. 15) for treatment of storm (surface) wastewater at botanical sites in which as a solid substrate, natural ion-exchange materials are used - clinoptilolite or flask, in which higher aquatic vegetation is planted. In contrast to the usual designs of botanical sites in which the water to be purified is filtered through thickets of higher aquatic vegetation, moving in the horizontal direction, in the phytofilter, the water is filtered through higher aquatic vegetation and ion-exchange material in the vertical direction, which can significantly reduce the time of treatment of surface runoff, and through the use of the sorption properties of the solid substrate to carry out high-quality purification from nutrient pollution and heavy metal ions even in non-vegetation ny period. The disadvantage of this method is the relatively slow (3-4 growing periods) bioregeneration of natural ion-exchange materials that have exhausted sorption ability, by the root system of higher aquatic vegetation. For this period, the botanical site should be excluded from the working regime.

The purpose of the invention is the intensification of bioregeneration of natural ion-exchange materials of the filter charge.

This goal is achieved in that the heavy metal ions and nutrients absorbed by the filter load are desorbed by ammonium sulfate and absorbed by higher aquatic plants.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the regeneration of the filter charge from natural ion-exchange rocks - clinoptilolite, flask is carried out with a 0.1% solution of ammonium sulfate for 30-60 calendar days, and at the beginning of the growing season, simultaneously with the introduction of a solution of ammonium sulfate on the water surface of the botanical site Eichornia plants are planted, which, after cleaning, are collected from the water surface and sent to a landfill.

The proposed method is as follows.

и восстанавливают тем самым ионообменные свойства фильтрующей загрузки. Одновременно в вегетационный период на водную поверхность данной ботанической площадки высаживают высшую водную растительность (эйхорния - водный гиацинт), которая благодаря биологическим особенностям поглощает из воды ионы тяжелых металлов и биогенные вещества, растения собираются с водной поверхности и вывозятся на свалку.Preliminarily clarified surface (thawed and rain) runoff enters the botanical site with a non-filtering bottom, filled with filter media from natural ion-exchange rocks - clinoptilolite, flask, are passed through the filter media from top to bottom and cleaned of heavy metals and nutrients through a drainage system and discharged into a water body (reservoirs, rivers). After the sorption and ion-exchange properties of the filter charge are exhausted, a 0.1% solution of ammonium sulfate is introduced into the body of the latter, with the help of which the contaminants adsorbed from the surface runoff are desorbed from the filter load into water, replacing heavy metal ions and nutrients with ions

and thereby restore the ion exchange properties of the filter media. At the same time, during the growing season, higher aquatic vegetation (eichornia - water hyacinth) is planted on the water surface of this botanical site, which, due to biological features, absorbs heavy metal ions and nutrients from the water, plants are collected from the water surface and transported to a landfill.

и восстанавливая тем самым ионообменные свойства фильтрующей загрузки. При этом слой воды над фильтрующей загрузкой насыщается тяжелыми металлами (медь, железо, никель, цинк и др.). Для очистки его от ионов тяжелых металлов и биогенных веществ одновременно с введением раствора сульфата аммония на водную поверхность ботанической площадки высаживается высшая водная растительность в виде эйхорнии - водного гиацинта, которая благодаря своим биологическим особенностям - быстрое размножение, хорошо развитая корневая система, быстрое накопление биомассы и высокая способность концентрирования в биомассе тяжелых металлов - в течение вегетационного периода полностью поглощает ионы тяжелых металлов, а биогенные вещества используют для прироста биомассы. После очистки воды растения собирают с поверхности воды и вывозят на свалку твердых бытовых отходов. Регенерированная ботаническая площадка вводится в рабочий режим с началом таяния снега.An example of the method. Surface (thawed and rain) effluents, having passed the mechanical treatment facilities to isolate suspended solids, enter a botanical site with a non-filtering bottom, filled to the height of 0.5 m with filter media from natural ion-exchange rocks - clinoptilolite, flask - with a grain size of 1-3 mm equipped with a drainage system for receiving and removing from the filtrate site. In addition, in the process of filtering from top to bottom through ion-exchange rocks at a speed of 0.3 m / h, the effluents are cleaned of heavy metal ions and nutrients. Purified surface runoff through a drainage system is diverted to a natural water body (reservoirs, rivers). After exhaustion of the sorption and ion-exchange properties of natural ion-exchange rocks, the botanical site is removed from the operating mode, and effluents are directed to the reserve botanical site. With the onset of the growing season, a 0.1% solution of ammonium sulfate is introduced into the body of the filter charge of the regenerated botanical site through the drainage system, with the help of which, during 30-60 calendar days, the desorption of heavy metal ions from the filter charge is provided, replacing the latter with ammonium ions

and thereby restoring the ion exchange properties of the filter charge. In this case, the water layer above the filter load is saturated with heavy metals (copper, iron, nickel, zinc, etc.). To clean it of heavy metal ions and nutrients, simultaneously with the introduction of a solution of ammonium sulfate on the water surface of the botanical site, higher aquatic vegetation is planted in the form of eichornia - water hyacinth, which due to its biological characteristics - rapid reproduction, well-developed root system, rapid accumulation of biomass and high ability to concentrate heavy metals in the biomass - during the growing season it completely absorbs heavy metal ions, and biogenic substances used for biomass growth. After water treatment, plants are collected from the surface of the water and taken to a landfill for municipal solid waste. The regenerated botanical site is put into operation with the beginning of snow melting.

Thus, the use of a 0.1% solution of ammonium sulfate for the regeneration of the filter load in combination with the use of higher aquatic vegetation - eichornia (water hyacinth) allows you to accelerate the regeneration of the filter load of the botanical site, reducing it from 3-4 growing periods to one.

Claims (1)

A method for cleaning surface runoff from heavy metal ions and nutrients, including supplying surface runoff to a botanical site with a non-filtering bottom and with filter loading from natural ion-exchange rocks - clinoptilolite, flask, cleaning the surface runoff from the ions of heavy metals and nutrients, regeneration filter load using a biological sorbent - higher aquatic vegetation, characterized in that the regeneration of the filter load from natural ion-exchange rocks - cl inoptilolite, flask, is carried out with a 0.1% solution of ammonium sulfate for 30-60 calendar days, and at the beginning of the growing season, simultaneously with the introduction of a solution of ammonium sulfate, eichornia plants are planted on the water surface of the botanical site, which are collected from the water surface after cleaning and sent to landfill.