RU2540620C1 - Device for purification of surface sewage waters - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: device for purification of surface sewage waters includes filter or settling chamber 1, intended for preliminary purification from coarse dispersed pollutants, purification unit 2, which contains filtering charge 4 with vegetation 5. As filtering charge 4 used is mixture of soil with zeolite, with zeolite amount constituting 30-50% of the total charge weight. Reservoir 6 with bulk hollow deformation-resistant charge 7 for accumulation of purified sewage waters in form of gravel or crushed granite with hollowness up to 50% is placed under filtering charge 4.

EFFECT: invention makes it possible to realise all-year-round purification of surface sewage waters, accumulate and use purified water under cold climate conditions.

2 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a device for cleaning surface runoff from urban areas and can be used to clean storm and melt water from urban areas and industrial enterprises from suspended solids, oil products, organic substances and heavy metal ions.

A device for treating surface wastewater is known, including a purification chamber with impermeable side walls and a bottom, containing a filter charge, into which vegetation is planted and through which filtered surface wastewater is filtered, as well as a perforated drainage pipe for draining the treated effluent located in the lower part of the chamber , directly in the filter load (see US 6569321 B2, C02F 3/04, C02F 3/32, publ. 2003).

A device for treating surface wastewater is also known, including a purification chamber with impermeable side walls and a bottom, containing a filter charge, in which vegetation is planted and through which filtered wastewater is filtered, as well as a perforated drainage pipe to discharge the treated effluent, located in the lower part camera, directly in the filter load, at the end of which a flow control device is installed (WO 2009/129406 A1, B10D 33/70, publ. 2009).

The disadvantages of the described devices are the low efficiency of purification from organic substances, oil products and heavy metals in the non-growing season, as well as the lack of the possibility of accumulation and use of treated wastewater.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result is a device for treating surface wastewater, including a system for pretreatment of surface wastewater from coarse impurities and debris, made in the form of a filter or sedimentation chamber, a wastewater treatment unit containing a filter charge in which vegetation is planted, a storage tank for collecting purified water located under the filter layer, a bypass overflow pipe for directing water to the storage tank without cleaning and at the filter load in case of exceeding the estimated costs, the system of water circulation from the storage tank for additional treatment (WO 2011/0917681 A1, C02F 3/00, C02F 1/00, publ. 2011).

The disadvantages of the known devices are the low efficiency of wastewater treatment during the non-growing season, the inability to operate structures in the winter due to their freezing and the possibility of destruction of the underground storage tank, as well as the lack of the possibility of accumulation and use of treated water in cold climates.

The technical result consists in creating a device designed for year-round treatment of surface wastewater, the accumulation and use of treated water in cold climates.

The inventive device for the treatment of surface wastewater includes a filter or sedimentation chamber, designed for pre-treatment of coarse particulate contaminants, a purification unit containing a filter charge with vegetation. According to paragraph 1 of the formula, the filter charge is a mixture of soil with zeolite with a zeolite amount of 30-50% of the total load, and under the filter load there is a reservoir with a bulk, hollow, strain-resistant load for the accumulation of treated wastewater in the form of gravel or crushed stone with a voidness of up to 50% .

The use of a mixture of soil with a zeolite with sorption and ion exchange properties as a filtering load, with a zeolite amount of 30-50% of the total volume of the load, significantly increases the cleaning efficiency during the non-growing season when oil products, organic substances and heavy metal ions will be delayed and accumulate in the indicated materials.

In the non-growing season (in the cold season), runoff is cleaned of organic substances and heavy metals by adding zeolite to the soil, which has sorption and ion-exchange properties. During the vegetation period of the vegetation (in the warm season), the incoming surface runoff is cleaned by filter loading, in addition, absorption, transformation, stabilization and degradation of substances entering and accumulated in the sorption material during the non-growing season under the influence of plants and microorganisms developing on the filter loading and rhizosphere of plants, thereby carrying out the regeneration of material with sorption and ion exchange properties.

The indicated percentage of soil and zeolite is due to the fact that when the amount of zeolite is less than 30% of the entire filter load, there is insufficient cleaning efficiency from oil products, organic substances and heavy metals, and the addition of more than 50% zeolite increases the cost of the structure with a slight increase in cleaning efficiency, and economically not profitable.

Studies have shown that the addition of zeolite to the load in an amount of 30-50% allows us to obtain cleaning efficiency for oil products up to 70-95%, and for heavy metals in dissolved form: for copper - 40-90%, for zinc - 30-50 %, for chromium - up to 30%, for iron - up to 50-80%, for nickel - up to 40%.

Under the filter load there is a tank with a bulk hollow deformation-resistant load, which serves to accumulate treated wastewater in the form of gravel or crushed stone with a voidness of up to 50%.

To supply the accumulated treated wastewater to household or industrial needs through a filtering and bulk loading, a well was made with a submersible pump placed in it (paragraph 2 of the formula).

The specified design is not subject to destruction during freezing, because resistant to deformation, and at the same time can accumulate significant amounts of water.

The drawing shows a device for cleaning surface runoff in a section, where:

1 - sedimentation chamber (filter);

2 - cleaning unit;

3 - a bowl filled with waste water;

4 - filter loading;

5 - vegetation;

6 - tank with bulk hollow deformation-resistant loading;

7 - strain-resistant loading,

8 - drainage pipe;

9 - impermeable base;

10 - flow control device;

11 - well;

12 - submersible pump.

The device operates as follows.

Surface wastewater that has undergone preliminary cleaning of debris and coarse impurities on the filter or settling chamber 1, enter the bowl 3 of the treatment unit 2, which is filled with wastewater. Subsequently, the wastewater is filtered through a filter charge 4 with planted 5 vegetation in it until completely absorbed. The filter load 4 is a mixture of soil with a material having sorption and ion exchange properties, namely zeolite, which is added to the soil in an amount of 30 to 50% of the total filter load.

In the cold non-growing season, wastewater treatment from organic substances and heavy metals occurs due to the specified material, for example zeolite. During the growing season, in addition to water purification, absorption, transformation, stabilization and degradation of substances entering and accumulated in the zeolite during the non-growing season occur under the action of plants and microorganisms developing on the filter load and rhizosphere of plants, thereby regenerating this material.

Next, the treated wastewater enters the tank with a bulk hollow deformation-resistant loading 7, located under the filter loading, where the accumulation of purified wastewater occurs. As a hollow deformation-resistant loading, gravel or crushed stone with a voidness of up to 50% are used.

The treated wastewater can be infiltrated into the surrounding soil, if the hydrogeological conditions of the territory allow it. In this case, the impermeable base 9 is not installed, or they can be removed through the drainage perforated pipe 8 located in the layer of the bulk hollow deformation-resistant material - gravel or crushed stone. To control the speed of water passage through the filter loading layer 4, a flow control device 10 is installed at the end of the drainage pipe 10. Wastewater can also be supplied for use in a pressure mode using a submersible pump 12 located in the well 8, made through the filtering 4 and bulk 7 loading .

In winter, the treated effluent is stored in the tank 6 and can be submitted for use.

Claims (2)

1. A device for treating surface wastewater, including a filter or settling chamber, designed for pre-treatment of coarse particulate contaminants, a purification unit containing a filter charge with vegetation,
characterized in that
the filter load is a mixture of soil with zeolite with a zeolite amount of 30-50% of the total load, and under the filter load there is a tank with a bulk hollow deformation-resistant load for the accumulation of treated wastewater in the form of gravel or crushed stone with a voidness of up to 50%. 2. A device for treating surface wastewater according to claim 1, characterized in that a well with a submersible pump located therein is made through the filtering and bulk loading.