RU2467787C1 - Filter to clean air of toxic substances - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: process engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to sorption processes and is intended for cleaning air of toxic substances of in automotive transport cabins, residential and industrial buildings. Air cleaning filter comprises casing with filtration and absorption cartridges pressed against casing bottom. Filtration cartridge comprises two layers of filtration material arranged between two mesh covers and composed of acrylic and polyester fibers at the ratio of 1:1. Note here that second layer includes ultra fine fibers in amount of 1-6 wt % of its weight and 2.0-4.5 mcm in diameter from fiber-forming polymers arranged on its surface to carry electric charges. Absorption cartridge consists of the mix of granular absorbers at the ratio of 1:1 including chemisorbent composed of active mix of aluminium oxide impregnated with potassium permanganate in amount of 8-10 wt % and activated black with micro porosity of 0.35-0.50 cm³/g. Note here that it is provided with central tightening stud to compact absorbers.

EFFECT: increase in dust capacity and filter efficiency, possibility of replacement.

1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of sorption technology and is intended for air purification from toxic substances in cabins or salons of all types of vehicles, and can also be used in residential and industrial premises.

A device for heating and air conditioning of an automobile is known (French patent No. 2789018, class B60H 1/100, publication date 04/08/2000), containing an air filter located in the air intake, an air duct that connects the exhaust outlet and the fan inlet. The disadvantages of this technical solution include the complexity of the device and the large overall parameters.

A known method of purification of atmospheric air pumped into confined spaces or vehicles, and a device for its implementation (RF patent No. 2064136, class F24F 3/16, B60H 3/06, publication date July 20, 1996). The method and device are designed to produce air that is sanitary for breathing. Dust air is filtered in two stages, after which it is conditioned to a predetermined temperature, undergoes chemical cleaning and is fed through a high-performance filter to the vehicle’s room or interior. The device has versatility, combined with air conditioning, which is difficult in design and has large weight and size characteristics, which are not always justified.

Closest to the proposed invention is a filter for air purification (US Pat. RF No. 2336929, class B01D 46/00, date of publication of the application 02.20.2008). The filter includes two filter-cleaning elements located in the filter housing in the form of layers filled with dust-collecting filter materials, sorbents, absorbers. The filter is made collapsible, consisting of two separate housings, each of which consists of gas-tight side walls. In the first filter housing in the direction of travel of the air flow, filter material is placed in the form of a corrugated filter paper. Two layers are placed in the second case, one of which is filled with a sorbent from coal or its modifications, and the second layer is filled with an absorber of potassium, calcium or barium permanganate.

This filter is taken as a prototype of the invention. The disadvantages of the prototype are less than the present invention, the dust and the efficiency of air purification from aerosols and gaseous toxic substances.

The objective of the invention is the creation of a filter with increased dust capacity and efficiency with minimal resistance to air flow and weight and size characteristics.

The technical result consists in a significant increase in dust absorption and filter efficiency, as well as in the possibility of replacing the filter cartridge during operation. In addition, the proposed design of the filters greatly simplifies the technology, allows you to mechanize the process of their production with minimal manual labor.

The specified technical result is achieved by the proposed design of the filter for air purification, comprising a housing with filtering and absorbing cassettes located therein, pressed to the bottom of the housing, and the filtering cassette contains two layers of volumetric filtering material located between the mesh covers, consisting of polyacrylonitrile and polyester fibers in a ratio of 1: 1, while the second layer contains ultrafine fibers in an amount of 1-6% of its weight and a diameter of 2.0-4.5 microns from fiber-forming limers located on its surface and bearing electric charges, and the absorbing cassette is filled with a mixture of granular absorbers in a 1: 1 ratio, consisting of chemisorbent, which is active alumina impregnated with potassium permanganate in an amount of 8-10% by weight and activated coal with a microporosity of 0.35 ÷ 0.50 cm ³ / g, while it is equipped with a tightening central pin to compress the mixture of absorbers in the cassette.

The difference between the proposed filter and the prototype is that the filter cartridge consists of two layers of volumetric filter material located between the mesh covers, consisting of polyacrylonitrile and polyester fibers in a ratio of 1: 1, while the second layer contains ultrathin fibers in an amount of 1-6% from its weight and a diameter of 2.0-4.5 microns from fiber-forming polymers located on its surface and bearing electric charges, and the absorbing cassette is filled with a mixture of granular absorbers in the ratio 1:. 1, consisting of chemisorbent, which is the active alumina impregnated with potassium permanganate in an amount of 8-10% by weight, and activated carbon microporosity 0.35 ÷ 0.50 cm ³ / g, while it is provided with the tightening of the central pin for preloading the mixture of absorbers in the cassette.

The drawing shows a front view of the proposed filter with a partial cut, where:

1 - filter housing;

2 - filter cartridge;

3 - the first layer of filter material;

4 - the second layer of filter material;

5 - absorbing cassette;

6 - upper mesh cover;

7 - bottom mesh cover;

8 - clamping screw;

9 - a sealing lining;

10 - hairpin.

The filter housing (1) is a welded metal structure with a hole in the center in the bottom. A sealing gasket (9) is fixed at the bottom of the housing. In the upper part of the housing there is a screw (8) for preloading the cassettes. The filter cartridge (2) consists of two mesh covers (6, 7), between which two layers of filter material (3, 4) are placed. The absorbing cassette (5) is a welded metal structure with a mesh bottom on which a pin (10) is fixed in the center. The absorption cassette is filled with a mixture of granular absorbers.

The filter works as follows: the air to be cleaned enters the filter cartridge (2), where it is cleaned of aerosols, then passes through the absorption cartridge (5), where gaseous substances are cleaned. Purified air leaves the filter through an opening in the bottom of the housing.

The manufacture of a filter cartridge from a bulk filter material from polyacrylonitrile and polyester fibers makes it possible to increase the dust absorption of the cartridge several times (180-210 mg / cm ² ) compared with a folded filter from a filter cartridge.

The application to the second layer of ultrathin fibers from fiber-forming polymers with a diameter of 2.0-4.5 microns in an amount of 1-6% of the weight of the layer, bearing electric charges, allows for high efficiency of dust cleaning (99.5-99.9 %) with optimal resistance to air flow. The application of ultra-thin fibers with a diameter of 2.0-4.5 microns in the specified amount (1-6% by weight of the layer) is optimal. When the number of ultrafine fibers is less than 1% of the layer weight, as with a diameter of more than 4.5 microns, there is insufficient cleaning efficiency from fine aerosols, and with an amount of more than 6% of the layer weight, as with a diameter of less than 2.0 microns, significant increase in airflow resistance.

An absorbing cassette with a mixture of a chemisorbent based on active alumina impregnated with potassium permanganate in an amount of 8-10% and activated carbon with a microporosity of 0.35 ÷ 0.50 cm ³ / g in a 1: 1 ratio provides effective air purification from nitrogen oxides and other toxic impurities of organic and inorganic nature. This ratio, as shown by studies, is optimal, ensuring the effectiveness of purification from both nitrogen oxides and other toxic impurities. The use of activated carbons with low microporosity (less than 0.35 cm ³ / g) does not provide effective purification from a number of toxic compounds with low adsorption capacity. The use of activated carbons with higher microporosity (more than 0.50 cm ³ / g) is impractical due to their complex production and high cost.

The use of chemisorbent with the content of potassium permanganate in the amount of 8-10% weight. provides a sufficiently high dynamic activity of nitrogen dioxide (20-25 g / cm ³ ). As the tests showed, an increase in the content of potassium permanganate more than 10% does not lead to increased activity.

The use of activated carbon with a high microporosity of 0.35-0.50 cm ³ / g provides increased dynamic activity of toxic organic compounds to a value of 40-60 g / cm ³ .

The use of a mixture of chemisorbent and activated carbon instead of layered equipment simplifies the design of the cassette, and the central tightening pin prevents the destruction of absorbers during operation, increasing the quality and reliability of the product.

Thus, in comparison with the prototype, the proposed filter for air purification has increased dust capacity, efficiency and service life, minimal resistance to air flow and greater adaptability.

From the foregoing, it follows that each of the features of the claimed combination to a greater or lesser extent affects the solution of the problem and the entire population is sufficient to characterize the claimed technical solution.

Claims (1)

A filter for cleaning air from toxic substances, comprising a housing with filtering and absorbing cassettes located therein along the air and pressed to the bottom of the housing, characterized in that the filtering cassette contains two layers of volumetric filtering material located between the mesh covers, consisting of polyacrylonitrile and polyester fibers in a ratio of 1: 1, while the second layer contains ultrafine fibers in an amount of 1-6% of its weight and a diameter of 2.0-4.5 microns from fiber-forming polymers located on its surface and bearing electric charges, and the absorption cassette consists of a mixture of granular absorbers in a 1: 1 ratio, including chemisorbent, which is active alumina impregnated with potassium permanganate in the amount of 8-10 wt.%, and activated carbon with microporosity 0, 35 ÷ 0.50 cm ³ / g, while it is equipped with a tightening central pin for preloading the absorbers.

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