RU2465650C1 - Method for non-lethal action on hiding person using ehf radiation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: physics.

SUBSTANCE: person is exposed to electromagnetic millimetre radiation of an EHF apparatus. The radiation wavelength is selected from the 3…3.3 mm range, which corresponds to the atmospheric transparency window and ensures a long effective range. The location of the hiding person is determined. The location of the EHF apparatus and the direction angle to the person are calculated, taking into account reflection of electromagnetic radiation from different surfaces, e.g., metal surfaces.

EFFECT: non-lethal striking of a person located outside the zone of direct visibility of an EHF radiator.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of non-lethal human exposure using EHF radiation as a damaging factor and can be used when law enforcement agencies carry out special operations to curb riots, free hostages, neutralize armed criminals in the constrained conditions of city and rural streets.

Currently, various methods are known for influencing an object of destruction located outside the line of sight, in particular around the corner of the building. They are based on the use of devices that fix the weapon in a certain position on a special tripod and allow the shooter to fire, while being completely in cover, without exposing the enemy either his head or other parts of the body (RF patent for invention No. 2399011, RF patent for useful Model No. 13838, 41131, US Application No. 2005115140).

The main disadvantage of these methods is that as projectiles are used either bullets that cause permanent damage to a person, or other objects (ampoules with sleeping pills, markers with a throwing substance, buckshot, arrows, etc.), which also have a kinetic effect on object of application and are capable of inflicting certain injuries and injuries on it.

At the same time, in a number of cases (the suppression of mass riots, the release of hostages), especially in the conditions of settlements, it is necessary to ensure the non-lethal nature of the impact on a person in order to avoid the death and injury of civilians (held hostages, casual passers-by).

It is known about the development of Comer Shot weapons, allowing firing targets from around the corner of the building (www.cornershot.com). This device is a sample of a firearm having a movable front that rotates left or right to a maximum angle of 65 °. As ammunition for it, both conventional cartridges and cans with tear gas can be used. Tear gas is a non-lethal means, but its main drawback is its dependence on weather conditions, since with strong gusts of wind the gas cloud can be carried away from the target, as a result of which the probability of non-lethal effects on the application is significantly reduced.

There is a method of protecting a protected area from unauthorized penetration of an intruder using EHF radiation (RF patent for the invention No. 2279137). In this case, the impact on the attacker is carried out by electromagnetic radiation of the millimeter wavelength range. It is known that the effect of this radiation on a person is limited by the excitation of thermoreceptors and pain receptors in the upper layer of the skin, which excludes the application of irreversible changes to health.

This method is selected as a prototype.

The disadvantage of this method is that the effect is on the intruder located at a certain distance from the radiating antenna within the line of sight. At the same time, in a number of cases (suppression of mass riots, special operations to free hostages) in the interest of securing the hidden nature of the impact, and also due to the limited space of city or rural streets, there is a need for non-lethal suppression of a person who is behind the barrier, namely around the corner of the building.

The objective of the present invention is to reduce the disadvantages of the prototype by providing the ability to have a non-lethal effect on a person located outside the line of sight.

The technical result consists in the development of a method of non-lethal exposure to a person who is behind a shelter, in particular around the corner of the building and the difficulty of protection from exposure.

In the claimed method of exposure to humans, the task is solved by the totality of the claimed features.

The difficulty in protecting against exposure is achieved by the fact that the emitting installation is outside the line of sight for the target, as well as by the fact that the person is irradiated with electromagnetic radiation lying outside the visible range, so the effect is as unexpected as possible, and therefore more effective.

The achievement of the technical result is ensured by the fact that the exposure is carried out by electromagnetic radiation of the millimeter range of the EHF installation with a wavelength of 3 ... 3.3 mm, which corresponds to the transparency window of the atmosphere and provides non-lethal damage to a person, and the location of the hidden person is previously determined, the location of the EHF installation and the angle are calculated the direction of exposure to it, taking into account the reflection of electromagnetic radiation from various, for example, metal, surfaces, both sintering non-lethal lesion of a person.

It is known that for non-lethal exposure of a person to EHF radiation, it is advisable to use electromagnetic waves with a working wavelength of 3 ... 3.3 mm or 8.3 ... 8.8 mm and an energy flux density of 5 to 10 W / cm ² . These wavelengths correspond to atmospheric transparency windows [Millimeter Wave Propagation: Spectrum Management Implications. Bulletin Number 70, July, 1997. Federal Communications Commission. Office of Engineering and Technology. New Technology Development Division. Mail Stop Code 1300-E. Washington, DC 20554], and the selected energy flux density of EHF radiation leads to intolerance of pain in a person a few seconds after the start of irradiation [Burlakov K.Yu., Naumov ND, Panteleev SV An analytical model of the thermal effect of EHF radiation on biological tissues // Biomedical Radioelectronics, 1998, No. 4 p.30-33].

For electromagnetic waves 3 ... 3.3 mm and 8.3 ... 8.8 mm, the specific attenuation in atmospheric gases α at a pressure of 1 atm, a temperature of 20 ° C and a concentration of water vapor of 7.5 g / m ³ is 0.4 dB / km and OD dB / km respectively [Millimeter Wave Propagation: Spectrum Management Implications. Bulletin Number 70, July, 1997. Federal Communications Commission. Office of Engineering and Technology. New Technology Development Division. Mail Stop Code 1300-E. Washington, DC 20554].

The calculation of the power density of EHF radiation at the object of influence S _c will be carried out in accordance with well-known calculations of the field emitted by a round antenna, as set forth, for example, in [Radar Reference. Ed. M. Skolnik. New York, 1970. Transl. from English (in four volumes) under the general ed. K.N. Trofimova. Volume 2. Radar antenna devices. Ed. P.I. Angelica. M., Sov. Radio, 1977, 408 pp.].

where R _g is the average radiation power of the generator;

G is the antenna gain;

F (θ) is the value of the normalized radiation pattern (DN) of the transmitting antenna;

θ is the angular direction to the object of influence;

τ _c = 0 ^{-0.1 αr} is a parameter that takes into account the attenuation of radiation in the atmosphere;

α [dB / km] - radiation attenuation coefficient;

r is the distance to the object of influence.

The gain G shows how many times the power supplied to an isotropic antenna that does not have losses should be greater than the power supplied to the antenna under consideration when the field strengths created by them in the given direction are equal. For most millimeter wave antennas [Radar Reference. Ed. M. Skolnik. New York, 1970. Transl. from English (in four volumes) under the general ed. K.N. Trofimova. Volume 2. Radar antenna devices. Ed. P.I. Angelica. M., Sov. radio, 1977, 408 pp.] The gain G is equal to the directional coefficient D of the antenna, which differs from the radiation pattern in power only by a constant coefficient

where η is the antenna efficiency. For antennas of the millimeter wavelength range η≈1 [Radar Reference. Ed. M. Skolnik. New York, 1970. Transl. from English (in four volumes) under the general ed. K.N. Trofimova. Volume 2. Radar antenna devices. Ed. P.I. Angelica. M., Sov. Radio, 1977, 408 pp.].

To estimate the value of D _max you can use the following ratio [Reference radar. Ed. M. Skolnik. New York, 1970. Transl. from English (in four volumes) under the general ed. K.N. Trofimova. Volume 2. Radar antenna devices. Ed. P.I. Dudnika. M., Sov. radio, 1977, 408 pp.]

- телесный угол, в пределах которого равномерно излучается вся мощность антенны.Where

- solid angle within which all antenna power is radiated uniformly.

Given that part of the power "goes" to the side lobes and the radiation is uneven within the main lobe, instead of the latter, use the following ratio [Reference radar. Ed. M. Skolnik. New York, 1970. Transl. from English (in four volumes) under the general ed. K.N. Trofimova. Volume 2. Radar antenna devices. Ed. P.I. Dudnika. M., Sov. radio, 1977, 408 pp.]

- ширина диаграммы направленности по половине мощности в двух ортогональных плоскостях.Where

- beam width at half power in two orthogonal planes.

We will proceed from the assumption that the EHF installation has an antenna with a round antenna that is optimal in directional coefficient. In this case, the following estimate (in degrees) takes place for the width of the radiation pattern at a relative level of the side lobes - 22 ... 24 dB [Radar Reference. Ed. M. Skolnik. New York, 1970. Transl. from English (in four volumes) under the general ed. K.N. Trofimova. Volume 2. Radar antenna devices. Ed. P.I. Dudnika. M., Sov. radio, 1977, 408 pp.]

where λ is the radiation wavelength, L is the size of the radiating aperture.

Thus, to calculate the power density of EHF radiation at the target, provided that the object is on the line of sight of the antenna, you can use the following expression:

The size of the emitting aperture of the mobile complex of EHF weapons should not exceed 2 m. This is determined by the characteristic dimensions of vehicles that can freely maneuver in urban and rural streets and on board which an EHF emitter is placed.

An analysis of the above expression shows that of the two possible wavelength ranges (3 ... 3.3 mm and 8.3 ... 8.8 mm), the most short-wavelength wavelength range λ = 3 ... 3.3 mm is more favorable from the point of view of increasing the effective range of exposure.

It is known that the reflectivity R of a metal surface, for example, iron with various impurities, when an electromagnetic wave of the millimeter wavelength range falls on it, can be determined by the formula:

where σ is the electrical conductivity;

T is the period of oscillations of the electromagnetic wave [Sivukhin D.V. General physics course. Optics. - M .: Nauka, 1980. - 752 p.].

It is also known that the reciprocal of σ is called the electrical resistivity: ρ = 1 / σ [Physical Encyclopedic Dictionary. - M .: Owls. Encyclopedia, 1984. - 944 p.].

The value of electrical resistivity for iron depending on the content of impurities is in the range of 0.011 · 10 ^-6 ÷ 24.50 · 10 ^-6 Ohm [Tables of physical quantities. Directory. Ed. Acad. I.K. Kikoina. - M .: Atomizdat, 1976, - 1008 p.].

It follows that the value of the electrical conductivity of iron, depending on the content of impurities, is in the range (in the GHS system) from 3.668 · 10 ¹⁶ to 8.17 · 10 ^-19 s ^-1 .

For electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of 3 mm, the oscillation period T is 10 ^-11 s.

Thus, the reflectivity R of a surface consisting of iron with various impurities, when an electromagnetic wave 3 ... 3.3 mm long falls on it, will be 0.997 ÷ 0.9999.

It is also known that in accordance with the law of reflection (for example, [Sivukhin D.V. General course of physics. Optics. - M .: Nauka, 1980. - 752 p.]) The incident and reflected rays lie in the same plane with the normal to the boundary section at the point of incidence, and the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection.

Using the indicated properties of electromagnetic (in this case, EHF) radiation, the required location of the emitting installation relative to the reflective surface and the angle at which it is necessary to direct electromagnetic radiation of the EHF range for non-lethal exposure to a particular person located outside the line of sight are determined.

To determine the location of a hidden person, an observer can be used located on the roof or upper floors of neighboring buildings, who will use his walkie-talkie to tell his coordinates to the operator of the EHF installation. Using the obtained data, the operator calculates the necessary position of the emitter (for performing these calculations, the operator’s workstation is equipped with a personal computer with special software), as well as the angle at which electromagnetic radiation should be directed to the reflecting surface.

In a settlement, as a reflective surface, for example, billboards located along pedestrian sidewalks can be used. It is known that a billboard is a metal frame with plywood sheets attached to it, which, in turn, are sheathed to increase strength.

Another option for a reflective surface may be the metal body of a van parked near the site of a special operation. It is possible to use both a car accidentally caught in the place of a special operation, and a car van with a metal body, placed there intentionally.

A comparable analysis of the proposed method with the prototype shows that the claimed object meets the criterion of "novelty."

To verify the conformity of the claimed invention with the condition "inventive step", the applicant conducted an additional search for known solutions in order to identify signs that match the distinctive features of the claimed device from the prototype. The search results showed that the claimed invention does not derive explicitly from the prior art for a specialist, since the influence of the transformations provided for by the essential features of the claimed invention on the achievement of a technical result is not revealed from the prior art determined by the applicant, in particular, the following transformations are not provided for by the claimed invention:

- the addition of a known means by any known part, attached to it according to known rules, to achieve a technical result, in respect of which the influence of such additions is established;

- replacement of any part (s) of a known product with another, known part to achieve a technical result, in relation to which the influence of such a replacement is established;

- the exclusion of any part (element) of the product with the simultaneous exclusion of its function and the achievement of the usual result for such exclusion (simplification, reduction of mass, dimensions, material consumption, increased reliability, reduced process time, etc.);

- an increase in the number of elements of the same type to enhance the technical result due to the presence in the tool of just such elements;

- the implementation of a known tool or part (s) of a known material to achieve a technical result due to the known properties of this material;

- the creation of a tool consisting of known parts, the choice of which and the relationship between them are based on known rules, recommendations, and the technical result achieved in this case is due only to the known properties of the parts of this tool and the relationships between them.

The described invention is not based on a change in a quantitative characteristic (s), the presentation of such signs in relationship or a change in its form. This refers to the case when the fact of the influence of each of these characteristics on the technical result is known, and new values of these signs or their relationship could be obtained on the basis of known dependencies and patterns.

Therefore, the claimed invention meets the condition of "inventive step".

In support of the criterion of "industrial applicability" consider an example of the implementation of the proposed method.

In figure 1:

1 - observer;

2 - object of influence;

3 - operator EHF-installation;

4 - EHF installation (emitter);

5 - reflective surface.

The observer 1, located on the roof of the building, determines the location of the affected object 2 and transmits its coordinates to the operator of the EHF installation 3. The operator of the EHF installation determines the necessary position of the emitter 4, as well as the angle at which electromagnetic radiation should be directed to the reflecting surface 5 After orientation of the emitter in the necessary direction, the EHF radiation generator is started and the electromagnetic waves of the EHF range are emitted to the location of the object of influence 1.

Thus, the proposed method provides effective damage to a person who is behind the shelter, and makes it difficult to protect from this effect.

Claims (1)

A method of non-lethal exposure of a hidden person, consisting in the fact that the exposure is carried out by electromagnetic radiation of the millimeter range of the EHF installation, characterized in that the radiation wavelength is selected in the range of 3 ... 3.3 mm, corresponding to the transparency window of the atmosphere and providing a large effective range of exposure , determine the location of a hidden person, calculate the location of the EHF installation and the angle of the direction of exposure to it, taking into account the reflection of the electromagnet total radiation from various, for example metal, surfaces, which ensures non-lethal damage to humans.