RU2464522C2 - Catalytic thermal simulator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: instrument making.

SUBSTANCE: simulator includes two cylindrical shells. Catalyst unit and electric and firing start-up systems are arranged in the first cylindrical catalyst shell. The second cylindrical fuel shell includes fuel bottle with fuel feed wick to evaporation chamber inside catalyst unit. Cylindrical shells have non-detachable connection with partition plate between themselves in the form of head of the first shell with wick hole. Firing start-up system has the stabilising net preventing flame failure and provides burning of starting fuel vapours in the directed air flow created above the catalyser with air holes equally spaced as to height, which are made in walls of catalyst shell and adjusting cover plate.

EFFECT: increasing specific power of simulator and simplifying its operation.

3 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of military equipment and can be used to simulate thermal radiation from military facilities, as well as for heating personnel, warming up engines, individual components of equipment, etc.

Known catalytic furnace KFP-1-180, running on gasoline, having a round catalytic nozzle with a diameter of 180 mm The design of the furnace does not allow the possibility of working on kerosene and diesel fuel, does not allow transportation in the refueling state and tilts at angles of more than 25 degrees (B. Kadenatsi, V. Sakeev, etc. Deep catalytic oxidation of hydrocarbons: Collection. - M. : Science, 1981, v. 18, pp. 124-133).

The famous "thermal catalytic simulator" (RF patent No. 2115084, 6 F41H 13/00), made in the form of a rectangular module. The main disadvantages of this simulator are:

the inability to work on kerosene and diesel fuel;

the inability to adjust the heat output.

Known "catalytic thermal simulator" - RF patent RU No. 2315941, F41H 13/00, F23D 14/18 (2006 01), prototype. The disadvantages identified during the operation of this simulator are:

only one third of the entire length located near the fuel cylinder works in the catalyst, which reduces the calculated energy parameters of the simulator;

lack of access to the catalyst unit eliminates the replacement of the latter if necessary;

at low temperatures, the start of the simulator is difficult, soot from burning fuel at startup starts the catalyst out of order, clogging its pores;

during operation of the simulator, unauthorized axial displacements of the casing are possible, which violate the setting of the level of heat production and even turn off the simulator;

refueling of fuel cylinders in the field is extremely inconvenient.

The objectives of the proposed technical solutions are:

an increase in the specific power of the simulator, referred to the surface unit of the catalyst block;

providing the ability to run the simulator using conventional hydrocarbon fuels;

maintenance of maintainability of the catalyst block;

development of a rational method for refueling fuel cylinders from a simulator kit in the field.

The solution to these problems is achieved by the fact that the simulator case (Fig. 1) consists of two cylindrical glasses having a common bottom with an opening for the passage of the wick. In the first, catalyst cup 1, the catalyst block 2 and the electric and fire-triggering devices are located. There are air holes 13 in the catalyst bowl for air to enter the oxidative reaction (combustion) zone of the fuel and for removal of its products (ab-gases) 13. In the second, fuel, glass 8 there is a fuel cylinder 6 with a wick 7 in the form of a cord made of heat-resistant longitudinally laid fibers inside the perforated tube. Fuel from the hygroscopic fiber-resistant heat-resistant filling of the 11th cylinder through the wick enters the evaporation chamber, evaporates and through the openings in the wick tube it enters the catalyst where, when it encounters oxygen, it oxidizes (burns).

In the prototype, having a wick tube with a uniform arrangement of perforations or made of metal mesh, all the fuel supplied through the wick is vaporized and fed to the catalyst at the very beginning of the evaporation chamber. As a result, only the lower part of the catalyst unit works, since the rest is left without fuel. The authors propose introducing a variable transparency of the wick tube, increasing with distance from the entrance to the evaporation chamber to the end of the tube. This is achieved by successively increasing the diameters of the holes through which fuel vapor enters the catalyst, or by increasing the number of identical holes per unit length of the tube. Given the variety of fuels used, it is recommended that the end of the wick tube entering the evaporation chamber be opened.

The effectiveness of the simulator fire launch system was achieved using the gas-generating effect. In order to organize a directed air flow above the catalyst surface, the perforation of the entire side surface of the catalyst cup in the prototype was replaced by two rows of air holes, the upper and lower ones. Starting fuel, poured into the fiber filling of the 12th bottom of the catalyst bowl, evaporates during ignition and is caught by a stream of air from the lower row of openings to the upper burns without soot formation by a flame that glides along the surface of the catalyst. To ensure the stability of the flame and to prevent its detachment, a stabilizer grid 5 is introduced into the system. Such a system eliminates soot and soot contamination of the catalyst surface, as well as catalyst overheating. It also allows the organization of the removal of hot ab-gases and their use for targeted heating of individual elements of false objects.

A cover-regulator 4 is installed on the catalyst cup. In the removed position, it allows you to inspect and remove the catalyst block for repair, and when dressed, control the start and operation of the simulator. If the air holes of the regulator cover coincide with similar holes of the catalyst cup, there are no restrictions on the air flow from the lower holes to the upper ones. The rotation of the regulator cap around its axis blocks the air holes of the catalyst cup and thereby changes the burning rate of the starting fuel or the deep oxidation process inside the catalyst. The degree of overlap is determined visually. Due to the fact that the simulator uses different types of hydrocarbon fuels that require different volumes of air for their deep oxidation (combustion), no scales are provided for installing the regulator cap.

For filling fuel cylinders in the field through openings 10, as well as for filling starting fuel inside the catalyst bowl, a dispenser is introduced into the simulator kit. It is a syringe with a flexible tip. The dispenser allows you to refuel simulators from any containers, eliminates fuel spills, ensuring fire safety of launches. For ease of removal of the cylinders from the fuel glass and for sealing the latter, rubber bushings 9 are provided.

The design of the simulator is presented in figure 1. The proposed simulator works as follows. The fuel tank is refueled and inserted into the fuel cup. With an electrical start, a 12V or 24V voltage is applied to the terminals for 1-2 minutes. Electric coil 3 heats the catalyst block to the temperature of fuel evaporation and the beginning of the autothermal process of its oxidation. The increasing heat flux from the catalyst cup indicates the start of the simulator.

With the firing method of starting, it is necessary to pour 5-10 ml of starting fuel through the lower air hole and bring a match to the hole. Fuel vapor, burning in the air stream, will provide rapid heating of the catalyst to the starting temperature (200-300 ° C). The process of oxidation (combustion) of fuel that has begun will continue until the supply of fuel or air stops. It is easiest to adjust the heat output by changing the degree of overlap of the air holes when turning the cover-regulator.

The effectiveness of the invention lies in the possibility of using all liquid fuels available in the troops, simulating complex thermal fields, as well as using for heating military equipment and heating personnel.

The proposed device can be used in the national economy, i.e. is a dual use tool.

The authors made several experimental samples of thermal simulators and tested them using thermal imaging complexes.

Claims (3)

1. A catalytic thermal simulator containing two cylindrical cups, in the first, catalyst, placed the catalyst block and the electric and fire start systems, and in the second, fuel, placed a fuel cylinder with a wick for supplying fuel to the evaporation chamber inside the catalyst block, characterized in that the glasses have a one-piece connection with the dividing wall to each other in the form of the bottom of the first glass with a hole for the wick, and the fire-start system has a flame-retardant mesh-stable the isator and ensures the combustion of the starting fuel vapors in a directed air flow created above the catalyst by air holes spaced apart in height in the walls of the catalyst cup and the regulator cap. 2. The simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that the catalyst cup has a regulator cap with air holes similar to the catalyst cup, which in the removed position can provide access to the catalyst block, and when rotating, block the air holes of the catalyst cup to adjust the heat output of the simulator. 3. The simulator according to claim 2, characterized in that the wick tube has successively increasing diameters of the holes of the tube from the entrance to the catalyst unit to the end of the tube or has an increase in the number of identical holes per unit length of the tube.