RU2464365C2 - Method of producing impenetrable elastic jersey - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: textile, paper.

SUBSTANCE: method of production of flexible low permeable jersey on knitting machines with loop-forming (knitting) mechanism is described, which have two thread guiding bars and a needle bar. The method consists in the preliminary location of hard thread (2) on one of the thread guiding bars, and location of flexible thread (3) on another thread guiding bar, and in location of the hard thread and the flexible thread in the phase with one another, and according to the weave which has a frequency of four loops, among which three consecutive loops are obtained on three different consecutive machine needles. Also jersey material is described which is obtained starting from the main part, which includes hard thread (2) and flexible thread (3) located in phase with one another. The hard thread (2) and the said flexible thread (3) are additionally located according to satin weave with a frequency of four loops.

EFFECT: production of impenetrable elastic jersey, which would have high resistance to chemicals and mechanical stress, obtaining of the material that will display homogeneous elasticity in any direction.

14 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The subject of this invention is a method for the production of impermeable elastic knitwear, described in the preamble of claim 1 of the claims, and a knitted fabric obtained using the specified method.

As you know, knitted fabrics are made from a variety of threads arranged in accordance with a special repeating geometry, which contributes to the interweaving of these threads and the formation of loops.

The characteristics of the knitted fabric are determined by the geometry of the weave, the type of thread and the size of individual loops.

In particular, the so-called impermeable elastic knitwear is made from many threads extending in one direction, which is called the warp.

These materials are made from a variety of threads of various types, in particular quite rigid and fairly elastic threads.

Impermeable elastic knitwear is used for the production of various items, in particular for dresses and clothes, such as swimwear, sportswear, underwear and so on.

A classic fabric of this type, for example, is the so-called "charmeuse", obtained by weaving elastic and hard yarns in accordance with a combination of interweaving knitwear and double knitwear.

The materials in question are manufactured industrially on specially designed warp knitting machines containing a system for feeding and moving yarns that are inserted through the eyes in specially provided perforated elements called “thread receivers” (literally, “weft takers”, and served on one or more rows of needles located across the direction of the threads.

When these machines are activated, the thread collectors and needles move in a reciprocating motion, while the threads move continuously. In particular, the threads perform vertical and descending continuous movement, the thread receivers that advance the threads forward, perform longitudinal and transverse reciprocating movements, and the needles located under the thread receivers and interacting with the threads moved by these thread receivers make a reciprocal vertical movement.

The result of the interaction of the threads and their movement around the needles is a knitted fabric. As a result of this, it is possible to vary the characteristics of the material by changing the motion parameters of the elements that make up the machine, in particular by regulating the longitudinal movement of the thread receivers and maintaining the periodic movement of the needles and continuous continuous movement of the threads.

The known technology discussed above has certain important disadvantages.

In particular, it is known that it is impossible to produce a very thin, lightweight, elastic, impermeable knitwear with sufficient wear resistance and various stresses. All the deficiencies appear as a result of the need to make relatively large loops.

For example, swimwear made from well-known materials do not contain sufficient obstacles to sand, which can penetrate between loops and pass through the material. Moreover, they do not present high resistance to chemicals, in particular chlorine compounds, which are often used in swimming pools and running water. Moreover, these materials exhibit a long drying time, again due to their large thickness.

And last, the known elastic materials have inhomogeneous elasticity in length and width and reduced resistance to “pilling,” that is, to a physical process that leads to the formation of small irregular fiber balls on the surface of the tissues.

In such a situation, the technical task underlying this invention is the development of an elastic impermeable knitted fabric that can substantially overcome the aforementioned disadvantages.

In connection with this technical task, another objective of the invention is the production of impermeable elastic knitwear, which would have high resistance to chemicals and mechanical stresses. Another important objective of this invention is to obtain a high quality elastic impervious knit.

The next objective of this invention is to obtain an elastic impervious knit with reduced weight per unit surface area. And the last, but no less important goal of the invention is to obtain a material that will exhibit uniform elasticity in any direction.

The technical objectives set forth above are achieved by the production of elastic impervious knitwear in accordance with claim 1 of the attached claims.

Preferred embodiments of the invention are described in the subclaims.

Further features and advantages of the invention are explained in more detail by the following detailed description of preferred embodiments of the invention with reference to the accompanying illustrations, in which:

Figure 1a shows a basic production flow chart of a first embodiment of a material in accordance with the invention;

Figure 1b shows the basic layout of the first yarn for the production of the material shown in Figure 1a;

Figure 1c is the main arrangement of the second thread, intended for the production of the material shown in Figure 1a;

Figure 2a shows a basic production flow chart of a second embodiment of a material in accordance with the invention;

Figure 2b shows the basic arrangement of the first yarn intended for the production of the material shown in Figure 2a;

Figure 2c presents the basic arrangement of the second yarn intended for the production of the material shown in Figure 2a.

With reference to the drawings indicated above, the material in accordance with the invention is indicated in the figure by 1. It is made by warp knitting machines having at least two rows of thread receivers.

The machines mentioned are machines of known types, for example, the German company LIBA Maschinenfabrik GmbH, sold under the brand name Copcentra.

As mentioned above, these machines contain a filing and moving system of threads respectively on the bulk, the threads are inserted into perforated thread collectors located on two bars and fed to the needle bar.

In particular, two thread-guiding beams are arranged as follows: one in front and one in the rear, and they can be moved in a linear reciprocating motion in the longitudinal and transverse directions.

Further, only one thread of the same type is fed to each of the thread guide bars, while two different types of threads can be directed to two different boards. After that, the threads fall into position in accordance with the needles, around which they can form open or closed loops.

When these machines are activated, the interaction and phase separation of the vertical and constant movement of the thread, which is provided by the system of reciprocating and transverse feed of the guide rails and the system of reciprocating vertical feed of needles, gives rise to the weaving of the threads and the formation of the material.

In particular, the movement of the thread feeding system, the reciprocating movement of the needles and the reciprocating longitudinal movement of the thread guide bars always remain constant, independent of the type of weaving, while the reciprocation of the thread motion of the thread guide bars is controlled according to the type of material. The specified movement actually activates the passage of threads around one or another needle and forms open or closed loops.

Material 1 is produced using two different types of threads: a sufficiently rigid thread 2 and a sufficiently elastic thread 3.

Defined here as “sufficiently stiff” the thread is one that has a stretch percentage of less than 20% of the entire length, while defined as “sufficiently stiff” is a thread that has a stretch percentage of more than 80% of the entire length.

Rigid thread 2 is made from materials of known types; for example, it can be a polyamide multicomponent thread; alternatively, the thread may be made from materials such as polyester, polypropylene or others.

Accordingly, it has a titer from 22 to 60 decitex, and more precisely - from 22 to 44 decitex. As you know, a titer is the linear density of filaments, measured in decitex, which corresponds to a mass in grams per ten kilometers of yarn (1 decitex = 0.1 g / km).

The elastic thread 3 is made from materials of a known type, in particular elastomeric polymers, for example polyurethane. In addition, it, accordingly, has a titer from 22 to 60 decitex, and more precisely - from 33 to 44 decitex.

In addition, the ratio between the linear density expressed in decitex, hard filament 2 and flexible filament 3, respectively, is between 0.5 and 0.9.

For the production of material 1, yarns 2 and 3 are installed on the machines described above.

In particular, the hard threads 2 are located on the feed system and in the eyes of the front thread guide bar; each thread receiver of the front beam is intersected by a hard thread 2.

Similarly, the elastic yarns 3 are located on the feed system and in the eyes of the rear thread guide bar; the rear beam take-up is crossed by elastic thread 3.

Alternatively, you can change the position of the threads and place the elastic thread 3 on the front beam and the rigid thread 2 on the rear beam. Threads 2 and 3 are placed in the material in accordance with the weaves defined by the reciprocating movement of the thread guide rails.

The attached drawings show two preferred options for the production of material 1. The schematic illustrations in these figures are the simplest schemes that are periodically repeated to form material 1.

The accompanying illustrations also show many points, each of which represents the needle in its temporary position. Needles are located in horizontal rows (hereinafter “rows”) and vertical rows (hereinafter “lines”). The lines are in fact determined by the periodic movement of the threads and needles, while the rows are determined by the horizontal arrangement of the needles, so the line of needles represents the periodic arrangement of the same needle, while each row represents many different needles.

Empty spaces between the lines are numbered by natural numbers from zero to four and indicate the positions in which the thread receivers place the threads.

In particular, the thread receivers can arrange the threads in a circle around the needle so that a closed loop is formed, or in accordance with an open passage, so that an open loop is formed.

Knitted material 1 is obtained starting from the main part, which includes a hard thread 2, depicted by a solid line, and an elastic thread 3, depicted by a dashed line.

Two threads 2 and 3 of the main part are located in phase, that is, in each row they are always located on the same needle. In addition, threads 2 and 3, respectively, are always parallel, that is, they always follow the same path and make up the same closed or open loop on the same needle.

In addition, two threads 2 and 3 are arranged in accordance with a weave that has a frequency of four loops, of which three successive loops are obtained on different needles. The term “sequential” means that there are no missing needles.

The said weave is also called Satin.

The specified jersey may include closed or open loops; in particular, of the four loops provided, closed loops can vary from zero to four, and the remaining loops will be open.

Figures 1a-1c show a weave in which closed loops alternate with open loops and, in particular, closed loops are located on two side needles of the three [used] needles.

The specified weave is determined by the parallel movement of two thread guide rails (front and rear), which provides parallel arrangement of threads 2 and 3 in positions corresponding to gaps from 1 to 0 in the first row, from 1 to 2 in the second row, from 2 to 3 in the third row and from 2 to 1 in the fourth row.

Figures 2a-2c show a weave in which closed loops alternate with open loops and, in particular, closed loops are located on the central needle.

The specified weave is formed by the parallel movement of the front and rear thread guide bars in positions corresponding to gaps from 0 to 1 in the first row, from 2 to 1 in the second row, from 3 to 2 in the third row and from 1 to 2 in the fourth row.

The weaving under consideration is created on machines that have a needle density per inch (1 inch = 2.54 cm), from 32 to 44, as well as an identical thread receptacle density per inch. In particular, the density of needles per inch is from 40 to 44.

The indicated density of needles and thread receivers determines the size of the loops and, therefore, the number and surface density of the loops. The density of needles per unit of measurement, therefore, is a parameter used to quickly determine the basic properties of a material.

The considered method can be carried out on various types of knitting machines, provided that the properties of the main part of its constituent threads and the density of loops per unit surface remain unchanged.

The invention has important advantages.

In particular, the decision to use two threads 2 and 3 located in phase or in parallel means that the elastic threads 3 do not work in antiphase and do not cross the hard threads 2.

This solution leads to a significant reduction in mechanical friction in the material 1 and, therefore, a longer service life of two threads, in particular elastic thread 3.

Moreover, it was found that the action of mechanical friction present in elastic materials of known types, with additional corrosive chemical action of certain substances present in water, and in particular sodium hypochloride present in swimming pools and running water, leads to rapid wear material.

In contrast, material 1 definitely retains high resistance in the presence of sodium hypochloride due to the practical absence of mechanical wear.

In addition, other important advantages are determined by the arrangement of threads 2 and 3. In fact, in the main part of the weave, the number of vertical loops is close to the number of horizontal loops, therefore, the weave is largely square in shape.

Due to these properties, it is possible to produce a material with very thin threads and, in addition, with a large number of loops per unit surface area, as described above.

Further advantages are provided by the choice of yarns 2 and 3, which have the above dimensions and characteristics and are made of these materials. The above characteristics allow for very light and thin knitwear.

In particular, the jersey 1 is made with a mass per unit surface area equal to 160 g / m ² , the thickness is between 0.25 and 0.80 mm and is about 50% of the thickness of a classic charmeuse, with wear resistance equal to or greater than in elastic impervious hosiery of a known type.

In addition, the knitwear 1 exhibits precisely due to its fineness a good coating and resistance to sand.

In fact, the described characteristics of the loops, which determine the properties of the material 1, prevent the penetration of sand grains or other particles between the loops or their passage through the material.

In particular, the so-called “sand tests” were carried out on swimsuits made of material 1. The tests mentioned to a large extent involve the intensive use of swimsuits on sandy surfaces and the measurement of the amount of sand trapped in them. Tests show the result on a numerical scale in values from 1 to 5. Assessment of knitted material 1 has always reached the highest possible rate.

In addition, the fineness and quality themselves provide quick drying of the material 1 and a pleasant touch feeling due to the fact that the knitted material 1 is perceived as a second skin, and not as a foreign body.

Moreover, material 1 has high breathability and thus provides optimal heat dissipation.

In addition, the material 1 has elasticity, which is uniform in each direction due to this interweaving of threads. Lastly, knit fabric 1 has proven its resistance to pilling and twisting, i.e., a tendency to twist and curl. In fact, in the corresponding tests intended for the two indicated properties, material 1 always showed excellent results.

Claims (14)

1. A method of manufacturing an impermeable elastic knitted fabric on warp knitting machines having two thread guides and a needle beam, which consists in pre-positioning the stiff thread (2) on one of these thread guides and the location of the elastic thread (3) on another thread guide, characterized in that that it includes the location of the specified hard thread (2) and the specified elastic thread (3) in phase with one another and in accordance with the weave, which has repeatability in four loops, from ryh three consecutive loops are obtained on three different successive needles. 2. The method according to claim 1, in which the specified hard thread (2) and the specified elastic thread (3) are parallel to one another. 3. The method according to claims 1 and 2, in which these needles are located on the specified needle bar with a density in the amount of 32 to 44 needles per inch. 4. The method according to claim 3, in which these needles are located on the specified needle bar with a density in the amount of from 40 to 44 needles per inch. 5. The method according to one or more of the preceding paragraphs, in which the weaving is ensured by performing a closed loop that is interspersed with an open loop. 6. The method according to one or more of the above paragraphs, wherein said hard filament (2) has a linear density of 22 to 44 decitex. 7. The method according to one or more of the above paragraphs, wherein said elastic thread (3) has a linear density of 33 to 44 decitex. 8. The method according to one or more of the above paragraphs, in which the ratio of the linear densities of the specified hard thread (2) and the specified elastic thread (3) is from 0.5 to 0.9. 9. The method according to one or more of the above paragraphs, in which the thread guide rails are installed one in front and one in the rear, and in which the specified hard thread (2) is installed on the specified front beam. 10. Knitted material obtained starting from the main part, which includes a hard thread (2) and an elastic thread (3) located in phase with one another, and characterized in that the said rigid thread (2) and the specified elastic thread (3) additionally arranged in accordance with the satin weave with a frequency of four loops. 11. Knitted material according to claim 10, in which the specified hard thread (2) and the specified elastic thread (3) are parallel to one another. 12. Knitted material according to claim 10 or 11, wherein said stiff thread (2) has a linear density of 22 to 44 decitex. 13. Knitted material according to claims 10-12, wherein said elastic thread (3) has a linear density of 33 to 44 decitex. 14. Knitted material according to claims 10 to 13, in which the ratio of the linear densities of the specified stiff thread (2) and the specified elastic thread (3) is from 0.5 to 0.9.

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